郑州市典型工业炉窑细颗粒物排放特征及清单
|
摘要
利用稀释通道系统采集郑州市砖瓦、水泥和耐火材料行业典型工业炉窑废气中的细颗粒物样品,并分析其中Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Ti、V、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Se、Sr、Cd、Sb、Sn、Ba和Pb等27种无机元素.计算了PM_(2. 5)中无机元素的排放因子及2016年郑州市3个行业工业炉窑排放的PM_(2. 5)中主要无机元素的排放量,并建立了1 km×1 km的网格化清单.结果表明,耐火砖窑排放的总无机元素浓度最高,为(609. 97±490. 97)μg·m~(-3),3种炉窑排放的无机元素浓度在PM_(2. 5)中占比范围分别为34%～54%、27%～42%和23%～53%.砖窑和水泥窑排放的无机元素主要以地壳元素为主,浓度最高的元素分别为Cl和Al,耐火砖窑排放的无机元素主要以重金属元素为主,浓度最高的元素为Pb.砖窑与水泥窑排放的无机元素成分分歧系数为0. 389,略有差异,而水泥窑与耐火砖窑的分歧系数为0. 732,差异性显著. 2016年郑州市主要工业炉窑排放PM_(2. 5)中Pb、S、Zn、Cl、K、As、Fe、Si、Cr、Al、Na和Ca的排放量分别为919. 0、793. 1、124. 7、378. 6、82. 6、12. 2、60. 4、145. 4、7. 4、86. 6、15. 8和111. 4 kg·a~(-1),其中新密地区重金属排放量最高,存在较高的重金属健康风险.
Samples of particulate matter from flue gas emissions of typical brick,cement,and firebrick industrial kilns in Zhengzhou City were collected by dilution channel systems. Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Ti,V,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ga,As,Se,Sr,Cd,Sb,Sn,Ba,and Pb were analyzed. The emission factors( EFs) and emissions of inorganic elements of PM_(2. 5) from kilns flue gases of three industries in Zhengzhou City during 2016 were calculated. A grid list of 1 km × 1 km was also established. The results show that the highest concentration of total inorganic elements was in the firebrick industry,corresponding to( 609. 97 ± 490. 97)μg·m~(-3). The concentration of inorganic elements in the three industries accounted for 34%-54%,27%-42%,and 23%-53% of PM_(2. 5). The inorganic elements emitted from industrial kilns in brick and cement industries were mainly crust elements,and the highest concentration elements were Cl and Al. The inorganic elements emitted by industrial furnaces in the firebrick industry were mainly heavy metals,and the highest concentration element was Pb. The coefficient of divergence( CD) of inorganic elements in brick and cement industry was 0. 389,that is slightly different. The CD between cement and refractory industry was 0. 732,which represents a significant difference between inorganic element emissions. In 2016,the emissions of Pb,S,Zn,Cl,K,As,Fe,Si,Cr,Al,Na,and Ca in PM_(2. 5) from major industrial furnaces in Zhengzhou City were 919. 0,793. 1,124. 7,378. 6,82. 6,12. 2,60. 4,145. 4,7. 4,86. 6,15. 8,and 111. 4 kg·a~(-1),respectively. Heavy metal emission in the Xinmi area was the highest,representing a high health risk.
Samples of particulate matter from flue gas emissions of typical brick,cement,and firebrick industrial kilns in Zhengzhou City were collected by dilution channel systems. Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Na,Mg,Al,Si,P,S,Cl,K,Ca,Ti,V,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ga,As,Se,Sr,Cd,Sb,Sn,Ba,and Pb were analyzed. The emission factors( EFs) and emissions of inorganic elements of PM_(2. 5) from kilns flue gases of three industries in Zhengzhou City during 2016 were calculated. A grid list of 1 km × 1 km was also established. The results show that the highest concentration of total inorganic elements was in the firebrick industry,corresponding to( 609. 97 ± 490. 97)μg·m~(-3). The concentration of inorganic elements in the three industries accounted for 34%-54%,27%-42%,and 23%-53% of PM_(2. 5). The inorganic elements emitted from industrial kilns in brick and cement industries were mainly crust elements,and the highest concentration elements were Cl and Al. The inorganic elements emitted by industrial furnaces in the firebrick industry were mainly heavy metals,and the highest concentration element was Pb. The coefficient of divergence( CD) of inorganic elements in brick and cement industry was 0. 389,that is slightly different. The CD between cement and refractory industry was 0. 732,which represents a significant difference between inorganic element emissions. In 2016,the emissions of Pb,S,Zn,Cl,K,As,Fe,Si,Cr,Al,Na,and Ca in PM_(2. 5) from major industrial furnaces in Zhengzhou City were 919. 0,793. 1,124. 7,378. 6,82. 6,12. 2,60. 4,145. 4,7. 4,86. 6,15. 8,and 111. 4 kg·a~(-1),respectively. Heavy metal emission in the Xinmi area was the highest,representing a high health risk.
引文
[1]Yue T,Gao X,Gao J J,et al.Emission characteristics of NOx,CO,NH3and VOCs from gas-fired industrial boilers based on field measurements in Beijing city,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2018,184:1-8.
[2]Tan Z F,Lu K D,Jiang M Q,et al.Exploring ozone pollution in Chengdu,southwestern China:a case study from radical chemistry to O3-VOC-NOxsensitivity[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,636:775-786.
[3]Geng F H,Zhang Q,Tie X X,et al.Aircraft measurements of O3,NOx,CO,VOCs,and SO2in the Yangtze River Delta region[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(3):584-593.
[4]卫军华.河南省典型城市固定源大气污染物排放清单及特征研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2018.Wei J H.Study on the emission inventory of stationary source and its characteristics for the typical cities of Henan province,China[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University,2018.
[5]程永高,侯素霞,谷群广,等.钢铁企业排放的PM2.5等颗粒物中重金属元素分布的实验研究[J].材料与冶金学报,2014,13(1):71-73,78.Cheng Y G,Hou S X,Gu Q G,et al.Experimental study on distributions of heavy metal elements in PM2.5particles from iron and steel enterprises[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2014,13(1):71-73,78.
[6]Wang J H,Zhang X,Yang Q,et al.Pollution characteristics of atmospheric dustfall and heavy metals in a typical inland heavy industry city in China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2018,71:283-291.
[7]Ahmed E,Kim K H,Kim J O,et al.Pollution of airborne metallic species in Seoul,Korea from 1998 to 2010[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,124:85-94.
[8]严沁,孔少飞,刘海彪,等.民用燃煤排放分级颗粒物中重金属排放因子[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1503-1511.Yan Q,Kong S F,Liu H B,et al.Emission factors of heavy metals in size-resolved particles emitted from residential coal combustion[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1503-1511.
[9]刘海彪,孔少飞,王伟,等.中国民用煤燃烧排放细颗粒物中重金属的清单[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):2823-2835.Liu H B,Kong S F,Wang W,et al.Emission inventory of heavy metals in fine particles emitted from residential coal burning in China[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(8):2823-2835.
[10]王堃,滑申冰,田贺忠,等.2011年中国钢铁行业典型有害重金属大气排放清单[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(10):2934-2938.Wang K,Hua S B,Tian H Z,et al.Atmospheric emission inventory of typical heavy metals from iron and steel industry in China,2011[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(10):2934-2938.
[11]Jia J,Cheng S Y,Yao S,et al.Emission characteristics and chemical components of size-segregated particulate matter in iron and steel industry[J].Atmospheric Environment,2018,182:115-127.
[12]Mu L,Peng L,Liu X F,et al.Emission characteristics and size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coke production in China[J].Atmospheric Research,2017,197:113-120.
[13]Zhang W H,Wei C H,Yan B,et al.Identification and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater treatment processes from coke production plants[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(9):6418-6432.
[14]朱玲,田秀华,王同健.固定源烟气颗粒物稀释采样器的设计及应用[J].环境污染与防治,2014,36(6):51-54,64.Zhu L,Tian X H,Wang T J.Design of flue gas dilution sampling system and its application at stationary sources[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2014,36(6):51-54,64.
[15]Wang G,Cheng S Y,Wei W,et al.Chemical characteristics of fine particles emitted from different Chinese cooking styles[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2015,15(6):2357-2366.
[16]孔少飞,姬亚芹,李志勇,等.固定源排放PM10和PM2.5无机组分特征研究[A].见:十一届全国气溶胶会议暨第十届海峡两岸气溶胶技术研讨会论文集[C].武汉:中国颗粒学会,2013.2.
[17]赵丽,张丹,周志恩,等.重庆市典型工业源颗粒物排放特征[J].环境工程技术学报,2015,5(6):447-454.Zhao L,Zhang D,Zhou Z E,et al.A study on emission characteristics of particulate matters from typical industrial combustion sources in Chongqing City[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2015,5(6):447-454.
[18]徐旭,蒋旭光,何杰,等.煤中氯赋存形态的试验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,30(4):3-6.Xu X,Jiang X G,He J,et al.Geochemistry behavior of trace elements in bastard coal[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2002,30(4):3-6.
[19]王彦辉,赵亮,孙文强,等.炼焦工序颗粒物排放特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):5359-5364.Wang Y H,Zhao L,Sun W Q,et al.Characteristics of particulate matters emitting from coking process[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(12):5359-5364.
[20]郭旸旸,朱廷钰,高翔,等.我国工业源PM2.5源谱的建立方法及行业排放特征分析[J].环境工程,2016,34(8):58-165.Guo Y Y,Zhu T Y,Gao X,et al.Establishment method and characteristics analysis on industrial PM2.5source profiles in China[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(8):158-165.
[21]丁祥.云南高原典型固定燃烧源烟气排放颗粒物组分特征研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2017.Ding X.Study on the characteristics of emission for chemical components in particulate matter from typical fixed combustion source in Yunnan plateau[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2017.
[22]李凤菊,邵龙义,杨书申.大气颗粒物中重金属的化学特征和来源分析[J].中原工学院学报,2007,18(1):7-11.
[23]姬广超,王明辉,高会江,等.哺乳动物MT基因的进化选择与功能分歧[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(9):82-88.
[24]张伟,姬亚芹,张军,等.辽宁省典型城市道路尘PM2.5成分谱研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(2):412-417.Zhang W,Ji Y Q,Zhang J,et al.Study on the road dust source profile of PM2.5in Liaoning Province typical cities[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(2):412-417.
[25]刘亚勇,张文杰,白志鹏,等.我国典型燃煤源和工业过程源排放PM2.5成分谱特征[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(12):1859-1868.Liu Y Y,Zhang W J,Bai Z P,et al.Characteristics of PM2.5chemical source profiles of coal combustion and industrial process in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(12):1859-1868.
[26]Wongphatarakul V,Friedlander S K,Pinto J P.A comparative study of PM2.5ambient aerosol chemical databases[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,1998,29(S1):S115-S116.
[27]Pinto J P,Lefohn A S,Shadwick D S.Spatial variability of PM2.5in urban areas in the United States[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2004,54(4):440-449.
[28]田立柱,刘阳生.水泥窑PM2.5排放量研究[J].混凝土世界,2013,(3):88-91.
[2]Tan Z F,Lu K D,Jiang M Q,et al.Exploring ozone pollution in Chengdu,southwestern China:a case study from radical chemistry to O3-VOC-NOxsensitivity[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,636:775-786.
[3]Geng F H,Zhang Q,Tie X X,et al.Aircraft measurements of O3,NOx,CO,VOCs,and SO2in the Yangtze River Delta region[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(3):584-593.
[4]卫军华.河南省典型城市固定源大气污染物排放清单及特征研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2018.Wei J H.Study on the emission inventory of stationary source and its characteristics for the typical cities of Henan province,China[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University,2018.
[5]程永高,侯素霞,谷群广,等.钢铁企业排放的PM2.5等颗粒物中重金属元素分布的实验研究[J].材料与冶金学报,2014,13(1):71-73,78.Cheng Y G,Hou S X,Gu Q G,et al.Experimental study on distributions of heavy metal elements in PM2.5particles from iron and steel enterprises[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2014,13(1):71-73,78.
[6]Wang J H,Zhang X,Yang Q,et al.Pollution characteristics of atmospheric dustfall and heavy metals in a typical inland heavy industry city in China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2018,71:283-291.
[7]Ahmed E,Kim K H,Kim J O,et al.Pollution of airborne metallic species in Seoul,Korea from 1998 to 2010[J].Atmospheric Environment,2016,124:85-94.
[8]严沁,孔少飞,刘海彪,等.民用燃煤排放分级颗粒物中重金属排放因子[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1503-1511.Yan Q,Kong S F,Liu H B,et al.Emission factors of heavy metals in size-resolved particles emitted from residential coal combustion[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1503-1511.
[9]刘海彪,孔少飞,王伟,等.中国民用煤燃烧排放细颗粒物中重金属的清单[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):2823-2835.Liu H B,Kong S F,Wang W,et al.Emission inventory of heavy metals in fine particles emitted from residential coal burning in China[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(8):2823-2835.
[10]王堃,滑申冰,田贺忠,等.2011年中国钢铁行业典型有害重金属大气排放清单[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(10):2934-2938.Wang K,Hua S B,Tian H Z,et al.Atmospheric emission inventory of typical heavy metals from iron and steel industry in China,2011[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(10):2934-2938.
[11]Jia J,Cheng S Y,Yao S,et al.Emission characteristics and chemical components of size-segregated particulate matter in iron and steel industry[J].Atmospheric Environment,2018,182:115-127.
[12]Mu L,Peng L,Liu X F,et al.Emission characteristics and size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coke production in China[J].Atmospheric Research,2017,197:113-120.
[13]Zhang W H,Wei C H,Yan B,et al.Identification and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater treatment processes from coke production plants[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(9):6418-6432.
[14]朱玲,田秀华,王同健.固定源烟气颗粒物稀释采样器的设计及应用[J].环境污染与防治,2014,36(6):51-54,64.Zhu L,Tian X H,Wang T J.Design of flue gas dilution sampling system and its application at stationary sources[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2014,36(6):51-54,64.
[15]Wang G,Cheng S Y,Wei W,et al.Chemical characteristics of fine particles emitted from different Chinese cooking styles[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2015,15(6):2357-2366.
[16]孔少飞,姬亚芹,李志勇,等.固定源排放PM10和PM2.5无机组分特征研究[A].见:十一届全国气溶胶会议暨第十届海峡两岸气溶胶技术研讨会论文集[C].武汉:中国颗粒学会,2013.2.
[17]赵丽,张丹,周志恩,等.重庆市典型工业源颗粒物排放特征[J].环境工程技术学报,2015,5(6):447-454.Zhao L,Zhang D,Zhou Z E,et al.A study on emission characteristics of particulate matters from typical industrial combustion sources in Chongqing City[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2015,5(6):447-454.
[18]徐旭,蒋旭光,何杰,等.煤中氯赋存形态的试验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,30(4):3-6.Xu X,Jiang X G,He J,et al.Geochemistry behavior of trace elements in bastard coal[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2002,30(4):3-6.
[19]王彦辉,赵亮,孙文强,等.炼焦工序颗粒物排放特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):5359-5364.Wang Y H,Zhao L,Sun W Q,et al.Characteristics of particulate matters emitting from coking process[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(12):5359-5364.
[20]郭旸旸,朱廷钰,高翔,等.我国工业源PM2.5源谱的建立方法及行业排放特征分析[J].环境工程,2016,34(8):58-165.Guo Y Y,Zhu T Y,Gao X,et al.Establishment method and characteristics analysis on industrial PM2.5source profiles in China[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(8):158-165.
[21]丁祥.云南高原典型固定燃烧源烟气排放颗粒物组分特征研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2017.Ding X.Study on the characteristics of emission for chemical components in particulate matter from typical fixed combustion source in Yunnan plateau[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2017.
[22]李凤菊,邵龙义,杨书申.大气颗粒物中重金属的化学特征和来源分析[J].中原工学院学报,2007,18(1):7-11.
[23]姬广超,王明辉,高会江,等.哺乳动物MT基因的进化选择与功能分歧[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(9):82-88.
[24]张伟,姬亚芹,张军,等.辽宁省典型城市道路尘PM2.5成分谱研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(2):412-417.Zhang W,Ji Y Q,Zhang J,et al.Study on the road dust source profile of PM2.5in Liaoning Province typical cities[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(2):412-417.
[25]刘亚勇,张文杰,白志鹏,等.我国典型燃煤源和工业过程源排放PM2.5成分谱特征[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(12):1859-1868.Liu Y Y,Zhang W J,Bai Z P,et al.Characteristics of PM2.5chemical source profiles of coal combustion and industrial process in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(12):1859-1868.
[26]Wongphatarakul V,Friedlander S K,Pinto J P.A comparative study of PM2.5ambient aerosol chemical databases[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,1998,29(S1):S115-S116.
[27]Pinto J P,Lefohn A S,Shadwick D S.Spatial variability of PM2.5in urban areas in the United States[J].Journal of the Air&Waste Management Association,2004,54(4):440-449.
[28]田立柱,刘阳生.水泥窑PM2.5排放量研究[J].混凝土世界,2013,(3):88-91.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |