磷胁迫对高原湿地植物伞莎草根系分泌物的影响
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摘要
文章探讨了湿地典型挺水植物根系分泌物在磷胁迫下的适应机制,以期为高原湿地污染修复的根际调控措施提供科学依据。以伞莎草为供试材料,实验设置了6个磷浓度,分别为0、0.2、1、5、10、20 mg/L,在室内采用Hoagland营养液培养伞莎草幼苗,再用CH_2Cl_2浸提、减压、浓缩,进行GC-MS检测及分析,研究在不同磷浓度胁迫下对伞莎草根系分泌物的影响。结果表明,伞莎草根系分泌物主要包括烷烃、酮、硫、胺、醛、酯、酸等化合物,其中邻苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、二十碳烷、二苯砜的相对含量较高,分别达到60.53%、13.43%、6.18%、9.03%,其他化合物含量相对较低。伞莎草在随磷浓度依次增大的情况下,根系分泌物中都含有邻苯二甲酸、苯二羧酸和环己硅氧烷3种物质,且3种物质的相对含量都随着磷胁迫浓度的增加呈现先增加后下降的规律。3种物质的相对含量最高时的磷浓度均为5 mg/L,相对含量最低的磷浓度均为10 mg/L。该研究得出在磷胁迫下伞莎草能够调节根系分泌物的种类及相对含量并主要通过改变有机酸的释放来适应环境。
To explore the adaptation mechanism of root exudates of typical wetland plants under phosphorus stress, umbrella sedge, a wetland plant, is used as the test material, to provide a scientific basis for the rhizosphere control measures of plateau wetland pollution restoration. Six phosphorus concentration gradients were set in the experiment, which were 0, 0.2, 1, 5, 10,and 20 mg/L, respectively. Umbrella sedge seedlings were cultured in Hoagland nutrient solution, extracted with CH_2Cl_2,decompressed and concentrated, and then analyzed by GC-MS to analyze the effect of umbrella sedge root exudates under different phosphorus concentration gradients stress. The results showed that the umbrella sedge root exudates mainly include alkanes, ketones, sulfur, amines, aldehydes, esters, acids and other compounds, among which the content of phthalic acid, dibutyl phthalate, eicosane and diphenyl sulfone is relatively high, reaching 60.53%, 13.43%, 6.18%, and 9.03%, respectively, and the contents of other compounds are relatively low. Umbrella sedge contains three substances including phthalic acid, benzene dicarboxylic acid and cyclohexasiloxane in the root exudates with increasing phosphorus concentration, and the relative contents of the three substances are all along with phosphorus. The increase of stress concentration showed a law of increasing first and then decreasing. When the relative content of the three substances is the highest, the phosphorus concentration is 5 mg/L, and the lowest relative phosphorus concentration is 10 mg/L. This study found that under phosphorus stress, umbellifera can regulate the type and relative content of root exudates and adapt to the environment mainly by changing the release of organic acids.
To explore the adaptation mechanism of root exudates of typical wetland plants under phosphorus stress, umbrella sedge, a wetland plant, is used as the test material, to provide a scientific basis for the rhizosphere control measures of plateau wetland pollution restoration. Six phosphorus concentration gradients were set in the experiment, which were 0, 0.2, 1, 5, 10,and 20 mg/L, respectively. Umbrella sedge seedlings were cultured in Hoagland nutrient solution, extracted with CH_2Cl_2,decompressed and concentrated, and then analyzed by GC-MS to analyze the effect of umbrella sedge root exudates under different phosphorus concentration gradients stress. The results showed that the umbrella sedge root exudates mainly include alkanes, ketones, sulfur, amines, aldehydes, esters, acids and other compounds, among which the content of phthalic acid, dibutyl phthalate, eicosane and diphenyl sulfone is relatively high, reaching 60.53%, 13.43%, 6.18%, and 9.03%, respectively, and the contents of other compounds are relatively low. Umbrella sedge contains three substances including phthalic acid, benzene dicarboxylic acid and cyclohexasiloxane in the root exudates with increasing phosphorus concentration, and the relative contents of the three substances are all along with phosphorus. The increase of stress concentration showed a law of increasing first and then decreasing. When the relative content of the three substances is the highest, the phosphorus concentration is 5 mg/L, and the lowest relative phosphorus concentration is 10 mg/L. This study found that under phosphorus stress, umbellifera can regulate the type and relative content of root exudates and adapt to the environment mainly by changing the release of organic acids.
引文
[1]李春霞,吴凤芝.根系分泌物的收集及其介导的种间互作[J].西北农业学报, 2016,25(6):795-803.Li Chunxia, Wu Fengzhi. Collection of root exudates and their tnteractions[J]. Northwest Journal of Agriculture, 2016,25(6):795-803.
[2] Xian X. Effect of chemical forms of cadmium, zinc, and lead in polluted soils on their uptake by cabbage plants[J].Plant&Soil, 1989,113(2):257-264.
[3] Gransee A, Wittenmayer L. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of water-soluble root exudates in relation to plant species and development[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2015,163(4):381-385.
[4]吴彩霞,傅华.根系分泌物的作用及影响因素[J].草业科学, 2009,26(9):24-29.Wu Caixia, Fu Hua. The role of root exudates and influencing factors[J]. Grass Science, 2009,26(9):24-29.
[5] Zhao K, Zhou B, Wanzheng M A, et al. The influence of different environmental stresses on root-exuded organic acids:a review[J]. Soils, 2016.
[6]秦伯强,高光,朱广伟,等.湖泊富营养化及其生态系统响应[J].科学通报, 2013,58(10):855-864.Qin Boqiang, Gao Guang, Zhu Guangwei, et al. Lake eutrophication and its ecosystem response[J]. Science Bulletin,2013,58(10):855-864.
[7] Akmukhanova N R, Zayadan B K, Sadvakasova A K, et al.Consortium of higher aquatic plants and microalgae designed to purify sewage of heavy metal ions[J]. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2018,65(1):143-149.
[8] You H L, Li Gangxu, Jiang J H, et al. Research progress of growth dynamics and environmental adaptability of roots of wetland plants[J]. Resources&Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2013(Z1):52-58.
[9] Beusekom J E E V. Eutrophication[J]. Microbiological Aspects of Pollution Control, 2018,214(1):169-184.
[10]唐利,杨奇,邱江平,等.芦苇、香蒲根际分泌物及其根际效应比较分析[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报:自然科学版, 2010,26(4):425-429.Tang Li, Yang Qi, Qiu Jiangping, et al. Comparative analysis of rhizosphere effects of reed and cattail[J]. Journal of Harbin University of Commerce:Natural Science Edition,2010,26(4):425-429.
[11]杨瑞吉,牛俊义.磷胁迫对油菜根系分泌物的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版, 2006,28(6):895-899.Yang Ruiji, Niu Junyi. Effects of phosphorus stress on root exudates in rape[J]. Journal of Southwest University:Natural Science Edition, 2006,28(6):895-899.
[12] Niu F H, Li Zhihui, Chen S X. Effect of phosphorus levels on organic acids in Eucalyptus dunnii root exudates[J]. Eucalypt Science&Technology, 2017.
[13]李德华,向春雷,姜益泉,等.低磷胁迫下水稻不同品种根系有机酸分泌的差异[J].中国农学通报, 2005,21(11):186-188.Li Dehua, Xiang Chunlei, Jiang Yiquan, et al. Differences of organic acid secretion in roots of different rice varieties under low phosphorus stress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005,21(11):186-188.
[14] Horchani F, Gallusci P, Baldet P, et al. Prolonged root hypoxia induces ammonium accumulation and decreases the nutritional quality of tomato fruits[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2008,165(13):1352-1359.
[15]陈佰岩.磷胁迫条件下小麦蚕豆根系分泌物对红壤磷的活化[D].昆明:云南农业大学, 2009,24(6):869-875.Chen Baiyan. Activation of Phosphorus in Red Soil by Root Exudates of Wheat Broad Bean under Phosphorus Stress[D].Kunming:Yunnan Agricultural University, 2009,24(6):869-875.
[16]韦雪晶,刘梅,郑蕾,等.盐胁迫对芦苇根系分泌物的影响[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2016,52(1):44-48.Wei Xuejing, Liu Mei, Zheng Lei, et al. Effects of salt stress on root exudates of reeds[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University:Natural Science Edition, 2016,52(1):44-48.
[17]刘婷婷,秦宇婷,吴玉莹,等.溶剂法提取分蘖葱头有机硫化合物及其GC-MS分析[J].食品科学, 2017,38(12):151-156.Liu Tingting, Qin Yuting, Wu Yuying, et al, Extraction of organic sulfur compounds from onion seed by solvent extraction and its GC-MS analysis[J]. Food Science, 2017,38(12):151-156.
[18] Yu Huiyong, Shen G, Gao X. Determination of tobacco root exudates by GC-MS[J]. Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2013,19(4):64-72.
[19]聂艳丽,郑毅.根分泌物对土壤中磷活化的影响[J].云南农业大学学报, 2002,17(3):281-286.Nie Yanli, Zheng Yi. Effect of root exudates on phosphorus activation in soil[J]. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 2002,17(3):281-286.
[20]张红,高亚军,安蓉.油菜根系分泌物的GC-MS检测方法研究[J].农业资源与环境学报, 2014,31(3):290-295.Zhang Hong, Gao Yajun, An Rong. Study on the detection of root exudates in rape by GC-MS[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2014,31(3):290-295.
[21]刘欣宇,陈歆,吴琳,等.木榄幼苗根系分泌物的GC-MS分析[J].热带作物学报, 2016,37(4):835-843.Liu Xinyu, Chen Xin, Wu Lin, et al. Analysis of root exudates of Broussonetia officinalis seedlings by GC-MS[J].Journal of Tropical Crops, 2016,37(4):835-843.
[22]熊君,林辉锋,李振方,等.旱直播条件下强弱化感潜力水稻根际微生物的群落结构[J].生态学报, 2012,32(19):6100-6109.Xiong Jun, Lin Huifeng, Li Zhenfang, et al. Microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of rice with strong or weak allelopathic potential under live logging conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012,32(19):6100-6109.
[23]陈锋,孟永杰,帅海威,等.植物化感物质对种子萌发的影响及其生态学意义[J].中国生态农业学报, 2017,25(1):36-46.Chen Feng, Meng Yongjie, Shuai Haiwei, et al. Effects of plant allelochemicals on seed germination and their ecological significance[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,2017,25(1):36-46.
[24] Qin L, Jiang H, Tian J, et al. Rhizobia enhance acquisition of phosphorus from different sources by soybean plants[J].Plant&Soil, 2011,349(1/2):25-36.
[25]兰忠明,林新坚,张伟光,等.缺磷对紫云英根系分泌物产生及难溶性磷活化的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2012,45(8):1521-1531.Lan Zhongming, Lin Xiangjian, Zhang Weiguang, et al. Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the production of root exudates and the activation of insoluble phosphorus in purple milk thistle[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science, 2012, 45(8):1521-1531.
[26]张振海,陈琰,韩胜芳,等.低磷胁迫对大豆根系生长特性及分泌H+和有机酸的影响[J].中国油料作物学报, 2011,33(2):135-140.Zhang Zhenhai, Chen Yan, Han Shengfeng, et al. Effects of low-phosphorus stress on root growth characteristics and secretion of H+and organic acids in soybean[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crops, 2011,33(2):135-140.
[27] Buer C S, Lmin N, Djordjevic M A, et al. Flavonoids:new roles for old molecules[J]. Plant Journal:English Version,2010,52(1):98-111.
[28] Wang X X, Liu Y, Shao C L, et al. Allelopathic sensitivity of extracts of juvenile Eucalyptus urophylla from five economic plants[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2011,47(11):188-193.
[2] Xian X. Effect of chemical forms of cadmium, zinc, and lead in polluted soils on their uptake by cabbage plants[J].Plant&Soil, 1989,113(2):257-264.
[3] Gransee A, Wittenmayer L. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of water-soluble root exudates in relation to plant species and development[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2015,163(4):381-385.
[4]吴彩霞,傅华.根系分泌物的作用及影响因素[J].草业科学, 2009,26(9):24-29.Wu Caixia, Fu Hua. The role of root exudates and influencing factors[J]. Grass Science, 2009,26(9):24-29.
[5] Zhao K, Zhou B, Wanzheng M A, et al. The influence of different environmental stresses on root-exuded organic acids:a review[J]. Soils, 2016.
[6]秦伯强,高光,朱广伟,等.湖泊富营养化及其生态系统响应[J].科学通报, 2013,58(10):855-864.Qin Boqiang, Gao Guang, Zhu Guangwei, et al. Lake eutrophication and its ecosystem response[J]. Science Bulletin,2013,58(10):855-864.
[7] Akmukhanova N R, Zayadan B K, Sadvakasova A K, et al.Consortium of higher aquatic plants and microalgae designed to purify sewage of heavy metal ions[J]. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2018,65(1):143-149.
[8] You H L, Li Gangxu, Jiang J H, et al. Research progress of growth dynamics and environmental adaptability of roots of wetland plants[J]. Resources&Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2013(Z1):52-58.
[9] Beusekom J E E V. Eutrophication[J]. Microbiological Aspects of Pollution Control, 2018,214(1):169-184.
[10]唐利,杨奇,邱江平,等.芦苇、香蒲根际分泌物及其根际效应比较分析[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报:自然科学版, 2010,26(4):425-429.Tang Li, Yang Qi, Qiu Jiangping, et al. Comparative analysis of rhizosphere effects of reed and cattail[J]. Journal of Harbin University of Commerce:Natural Science Edition,2010,26(4):425-429.
[11]杨瑞吉,牛俊义.磷胁迫对油菜根系分泌物的影响[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版, 2006,28(6):895-899.Yang Ruiji, Niu Junyi. Effects of phosphorus stress on root exudates in rape[J]. Journal of Southwest University:Natural Science Edition, 2006,28(6):895-899.
[12] Niu F H, Li Zhihui, Chen S X. Effect of phosphorus levels on organic acids in Eucalyptus dunnii root exudates[J]. Eucalypt Science&Technology, 2017.
[13]李德华,向春雷,姜益泉,等.低磷胁迫下水稻不同品种根系有机酸分泌的差异[J].中国农学通报, 2005,21(11):186-188.Li Dehua, Xiang Chunlei, Jiang Yiquan, et al. Differences of organic acid secretion in roots of different rice varieties under low phosphorus stress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005,21(11):186-188.
[14] Horchani F, Gallusci P, Baldet P, et al. Prolonged root hypoxia induces ammonium accumulation and decreases the nutritional quality of tomato fruits[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2008,165(13):1352-1359.
[15]陈佰岩.磷胁迫条件下小麦蚕豆根系分泌物对红壤磷的活化[D].昆明:云南农业大学, 2009,24(6):869-875.Chen Baiyan. Activation of Phosphorus in Red Soil by Root Exudates of Wheat Broad Bean under Phosphorus Stress[D].Kunming:Yunnan Agricultural University, 2009,24(6):869-875.
[16]韦雪晶,刘梅,郑蕾,等.盐胁迫对芦苇根系分泌物的影响[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2016,52(1):44-48.Wei Xuejing, Liu Mei, Zheng Lei, et al. Effects of salt stress on root exudates of reeds[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University:Natural Science Edition, 2016,52(1):44-48.
[17]刘婷婷,秦宇婷,吴玉莹,等.溶剂法提取分蘖葱头有机硫化合物及其GC-MS分析[J].食品科学, 2017,38(12):151-156.Liu Tingting, Qin Yuting, Wu Yuying, et al, Extraction of organic sulfur compounds from onion seed by solvent extraction and its GC-MS analysis[J]. Food Science, 2017,38(12):151-156.
[18] Yu Huiyong, Shen G, Gao X. Determination of tobacco root exudates by GC-MS[J]. Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2013,19(4):64-72.
[19]聂艳丽,郑毅.根分泌物对土壤中磷活化的影响[J].云南农业大学学报, 2002,17(3):281-286.Nie Yanli, Zheng Yi. Effect of root exudates on phosphorus activation in soil[J]. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University, 2002,17(3):281-286.
[20]张红,高亚军,安蓉.油菜根系分泌物的GC-MS检测方法研究[J].农业资源与环境学报, 2014,31(3):290-295.Zhang Hong, Gao Yajun, An Rong. Study on the detection of root exudates in rape by GC-MS[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2014,31(3):290-295.
[21]刘欣宇,陈歆,吴琳,等.木榄幼苗根系分泌物的GC-MS分析[J].热带作物学报, 2016,37(4):835-843.Liu Xinyu, Chen Xin, Wu Lin, et al. Analysis of root exudates of Broussonetia officinalis seedlings by GC-MS[J].Journal of Tropical Crops, 2016,37(4):835-843.
[22]熊君,林辉锋,李振方,等.旱直播条件下强弱化感潜力水稻根际微生物的群落结构[J].生态学报, 2012,32(19):6100-6109.Xiong Jun, Lin Huifeng, Li Zhenfang, et al. Microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of rice with strong or weak allelopathic potential under live logging conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012,32(19):6100-6109.
[23]陈锋,孟永杰,帅海威,等.植物化感物质对种子萌发的影响及其生态学意义[J].中国生态农业学报, 2017,25(1):36-46.Chen Feng, Meng Yongjie, Shuai Haiwei, et al. Effects of plant allelochemicals on seed germination and their ecological significance[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,2017,25(1):36-46.
[24] Qin L, Jiang H, Tian J, et al. Rhizobia enhance acquisition of phosphorus from different sources by soybean plants[J].Plant&Soil, 2011,349(1/2):25-36.
[25]兰忠明,林新坚,张伟光,等.缺磷对紫云英根系分泌物产生及难溶性磷活化的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2012,45(8):1521-1531.Lan Zhongming, Lin Xiangjian, Zhang Weiguang, et al. Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the production of root exudates and the activation of insoluble phosphorus in purple milk thistle[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science, 2012, 45(8):1521-1531.
[26]张振海,陈琰,韩胜芳,等.低磷胁迫对大豆根系生长特性及分泌H+和有机酸的影响[J].中国油料作物学报, 2011,33(2):135-140.Zhang Zhenhai, Chen Yan, Han Shengfeng, et al. Effects of low-phosphorus stress on root growth characteristics and secretion of H+and organic acids in soybean[J]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crops, 2011,33(2):135-140.
[27] Buer C S, Lmin N, Djordjevic M A, et al. Flavonoids:new roles for old molecules[J]. Plant Journal:English Version,2010,52(1):98-111.
[28] Wang X X, Liu Y, Shao C L, et al. Allelopathic sensitivity of extracts of juvenile Eucalyptus urophylla from five economic plants[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2011,47(11):188-193.
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