四川盆地西缘峨眉含笑-喜树混交林凋落物量及碳氮磷动态特征
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摘要
为认识四川盆地西缘亚热带典型阔叶混交林的凋落物产量模式与养分动态特征,通过直接收集法收集凋落物,对四川盆地西缘乡土珍贵树种峨眉含笑-喜树混交林凋落物产量、碳氮磷含量及归还量月动态进行了为期1年(2016)的观测和分析.结果显示:混交林中叶的年凋落物总量为2 853.36 kg/hm~2,其中含笑1 644.82 kg/hm~2,喜树1208.54 kg/hm~2.两种林木凋落叶产量季节动态明显,含笑凋落叶量最大值在出现4月(476.03 kg/hm~2),最小值出现在9月(43.73 kg/hm~2);而喜树最大值和最小值分别出现在11月(534.41 kg/hm~2)和6月(21.58 kg/hm~2).含笑和喜树凋落叶中碳氮磷含量在夏季相对较高.含笑凋落叶碳氮磷归还量高峰均在4月和11月;喜树凋落叶碳氮磷归还高峰均在11月.混交林凋落叶的碳氮磷年总归还量分别为1 186.11、38.78、1.76 kg/hm~2.总之,该区域混交林凋落物产量月动态模式主要受控于林木生物学特性,且凋落物碳氮磷含量和归还量存在明显季节性变化;结果可为区域生态系统相似混交林的保护和恢复提供理论依据.(图5表1参29)
This study aims to determine the leaf litterfall production patterns of native tree species and the dynamic characteristics of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P), to provide data support for regional ecosystem protection and restoration. Fresh leaf litter of Michelia wilsonii and Camptotheca acuminata mixed forest was collected by litter traps every month in 2016. The concentrations of C, N, and P in the fresh litter were determined, and their return fluxes were calculated accordingly. The annual litterfall was 2 853.4 kg/hm~2 in this mixed forest, with 1 644.8 kg/hm~2 and 1 208.5 kg/hm~2 for M. wilsonii and C. acuminate,respectively. There were significant seasonal variations in leaf litterfall. The maximum litterfall for M. wilsonii was measured in April(476.0 kg/hm~2) and the minimum in September(43.7 kg/hm~2). The maximum and minimum value for C. acuminate were recorded in November(534.4 kg/hm~2) and June(21.6 kg/hm~2), respectively. The content of C, N, and P in both tree species was relatively large in summer. The two peaks of C, N, and P return flux for M. wilsonii were observed in April and November, with a maximum value in November. The total annual C, N, and P flux within fresh leaf litter of the mixed forest were 1 186.1 kg/hm~2,38.8 kg/hm~2 and 1.8 kg/hm~2, respectively. Leaf litterfall and C, N, and P return fluxes of tree species are dominantly controlled by biological traits. In addition, there are obvious seasonal changes of C, N, and P content and return flux of litterfall, which can provide theoretical basis for the protection and restoration for similar mixed forests in regional ecosystems.
This study aims to determine the leaf litterfall production patterns of native tree species and the dynamic characteristics of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P), to provide data support for regional ecosystem protection and restoration. Fresh leaf litter of Michelia wilsonii and Camptotheca acuminata mixed forest was collected by litter traps every month in 2016. The concentrations of C, N, and P in the fresh litter were determined, and their return fluxes were calculated accordingly. The annual litterfall was 2 853.4 kg/hm~2 in this mixed forest, with 1 644.8 kg/hm~2 and 1 208.5 kg/hm~2 for M. wilsonii and C. acuminate,respectively. There were significant seasonal variations in leaf litterfall. The maximum litterfall for M. wilsonii was measured in April(476.0 kg/hm~2) and the minimum in September(43.7 kg/hm~2). The maximum and minimum value for C. acuminate were recorded in November(534.4 kg/hm~2) and June(21.6 kg/hm~2), respectively. The content of C, N, and P in both tree species was relatively large in summer. The two peaks of C, N, and P return flux for M. wilsonii were observed in April and November, with a maximum value in November. The total annual C, N, and P flux within fresh leaf litter of the mixed forest were 1 186.1 kg/hm~2,38.8 kg/hm~2 and 1.8 kg/hm~2, respectively. Leaf litterfall and C, N, and P return fluxes of tree species are dominantly controlled by biological traits. In addition, there are obvious seasonal changes of C, N, and P content and return flux of litterfall, which can provide theoretical basis for the protection and restoration for similar mixed forests in regional ecosystems.
引文
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29刘文飞,樊后保.杉木人工林凋落物C,N,P归还量对氮沉降的响应[J].林业科学,2011,47(3):89-95[Liu WF,Fan HB.Impacts of nitrogen deposition on C,N,and P fluxes in the litterfall of Chinese fir plantation[J].For Sci,2011,47(3):89-95]
2 Liski J,Nissinen A,Erhard M,Taskinen O.Climatic effects on litter decomposition from arctic tundra to tropical rainforest[J].Global Change Biol,2003,9(4):575-584
3叶功富,张清海,卢昌义,林益明.滨海沙地木麻黄林生态系统的凋落物及其热值研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(1):23-28[Ye GF,Zhang HQ,Lu CY,Lin YM.Litter and Caloric Value of Casuarina equisetifolia Plantation in Coastal Sandy Area[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2007,13(1):23-28]
4 Lu W,Liu N,Zhang YJ,Zhou JQ,Guo Y P,Yang X.Impact of vegetation community on litter decomposition:evidence from a reciprocal transplant study with 13C labeled plant litter[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2017,112:248-257
5 Xu DW,Liu JF,Peter M,He ZS,Zheng SQ.Leaf litter decomposition dynamics in unmanaged Phyllostachys pubescens stands at high elevations in the Daiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve[J].JMount Sci,2017,14(11):2246-2256
6郑金萍,郭忠玲,徐程扬,范春兰.长白山北坡主要森林群落凋落物现存量月动态[J].生态学报,2011,31(15):4299-4307[Zheng JP,Guo ZL,Xu CY,Fan CL.Seasonal dynamics of litter accumulation in major forest communities on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain,Northeast China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2011,31(15):4299-4307]
7阎恩荣,王希华,郭明,仲强,周武.浙江天童常绿阔叶林、常绿针叶林与落叶阔叶林的C:N:P化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):48-57[Yan ER,Wang XH,Guo M,Zhong Q,Zhou W.C:N:P stoichiometry across evergreen broad-leaved forests,evergreen coniferous forests and deciduous broad-leaved forests in the Tiantong region,Zhejiang Province,eastern China[J].Chin J Plant Ecol,2010,34(1):48-57]
8刘蕾,申国珍,陈芳清,罗露,谢忠强,喻杰.神农架海拔梯度上4种典型森林凋落物现存量及其养分循环动态[J].生态学报,2012,32(7):2142-2149[Liu L,Shen GZ,Chen FQ,Luo L,Xie ZQ,Yu J.Dynamic characteristics of litterfall and nutrient return of four typical forests along the altitudinal gradients in Mt.Shennongjia,China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2012,32(7):2142-2149]
9马莲花,罗豫川,陈诚,肖建辉,赵晓云.都江堰灵岩山香樟过熟林种子雨分布特征[J].四川林业科技,2015,36(6):27-31[Ma LH,Luo YC,Chen C,Xiao JH,Zhao XY.The distribution features of the seed rain of Overmature Cinnamomum camphora forest in Dujiangyan City,China[J].J Sichuan For Sci Technol,2015,36(6):27-31]
10杨开军,杨万勤,庄丽燕,李志杰,贺若阳,谭波,张丽,肖玖金,徐振锋.四川盆地西缘都江堰大气氮素湿沉降特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(1):107-111[Yang KJ,Yang WQ,Zhuang LY,Li ZJ,He RY,Tan B,Zhang L,Xiao YJ,Xu ZF.Characteristics of atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition in Dujiangyan,western edge of Sichuan Basin[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2018,24(1):107-111]
11李勋,张丹桔,张艳,张健,宋思梦,周扬,刘华.林窗边缘效应对马尾松和香樟凋落叶分解的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(3):570-578[Li X,Zhang DJ,Zhang Y,Zhang J,Song SM,Zhou Y,Liu H.The edge effect of a forest gap on decomposition of Pinus massoniana and Cinnamomum camphora leaf litter[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2017,23(3):570-578]
12骆宗诗,向成华,慕长龙.绵阳官司河流域主要森林类型凋落物含量及动态变化[J].生态学报,2007,27(5):1772-1781[Luo SZ,Xiang CH,Mu CL.The litterfall of major forests in Guansi River Watershed in Mianyang City,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2007,27(5):1772-1781]
13姜沛沛,曹扬,陈云明.陕西省森林群落乔灌草叶片和凋落物C、N、P生态化学计量特征[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):365-372[Jiang PP,Cao Y,Chen YM.C,N,P stoichiometric characteristics of tree,shrub,herb leaves and litter in forest community of Shaanxi Province,China[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,2016,27(2):365-372]
14葛晓改,周本智,肖文发.马尾松人工林凋落物产量、养分含量及养分归还量特性[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(7):954-961[Ge XG,Zhou BZ,Xiao WF.Characteristics of litter production,nutrient content,and nutrient return in Pinus massoniana plantation[J].Resour Environ Yangtze Basin,2014,23(7):954-961]
15徐旺明,闫文德,李洁冰,赵晶,王光军.亚热带4种森林凋落物量及其动态特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(23):7570-7575[Xu WM,Yan WD,Li JB,Zhao J,Wang GG.Amount and dynamic characteristics of litterfall in four forest types in subtropical China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2013,33(23):7570-7575]
16李忠文,闫文德,郑威,梁小翠,王光军,朱凡.亚热带樟树-马尾松混交林凋落物量及养分动态特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7707-7714[Li ZW,Yan WD,Zheng W,Liang XC,Wang GJ,Zhu F.Litter fall production and nutrient dynamic of Cinnamomum camphora and Pinus massoniana mixed forests in subtropics China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2013,33(24):7707-7714]
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