铜陵狮子山矿区尾矿库及周边17种乡土植物重金属含量及富集特征
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摘要
矿区废弃地定居植物调查与筛选是植物修复研究的重点.通过研究安徽铜陵狮子山尾矿库及周边土壤重金属含量,以及库区乡土植物对Cu、Cd、Zn、Mn、Pb、Ni等重金属的转移特征与富集能力,筛选出适应该地区生态修复的先锋植物.研究结果表明,选择的17种优势植物根系土壤中重金属含量Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、Mn的平均浓度均超过铜陵市土壤背景值.刺槐、苦卖菜、蒲公英、白茅、野茼蒿、野豌豆、刺儿草、葛根、酸模、商陆、苜蓿草、油菜、节节草、黄花菜、鼠鞠草都表现出对2种以上的重金属转移系数大于1,可作为潜在的富集植物予以考虑.刺槐、苦卖菜、野茼蒿、葛根、苜蓿草等5种植物对重金属Cd的富集系数和转运系数都大于1;白茅、刺儿草对重金属Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn的转运系数大于1,但富集系数却小于1,说明这两种植物能够将根部吸收的Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn元素转移至植物地上部,从而达到降低土壤重金属污染.
The key issues of phytoremediation in mine tailings are investigation and selection of dominant plants. This work analyzed the contents of heavy metals, and the enrichment and translocation of heavy metals such as Cu,Cd,Zn,Mn,Pb and Ni in the indigenous species in the tailings of Shizishan Tailings in Tongling,Anhui Province,so as to select the pioneer plants for ecosystem restoration of the area. Results showed that among the selected 17 indigenous plants,the mean contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Ni and Mn in the plant root soil exceeded the corresponding background values in Shizishan. Robinia pseudoacacia L., Ixeris polycephala C., Taraxacum mongolicum M.,Imperata cylindrica L.,Crassocephalum crepidioides S.,Vicia sepium,Actinstemma Lobatum,Radix Puerariae,Rumex acetosa L.,Phytolacca acinosa,Lotus corniculatus L.,Brassica napus L.,Equisetum ramosissimum D.,Hemerocallis citrina B.,Gnaphalium affine D. showed a strong translocation ability for more than 2 heavy metals,and could be considered as potential enrichment plants.The enrichment coefficients and translocation factor of Cd in Robinia pseudoacacia L.,Ixeris polycephala C.,Crassocephalum crepidioides S.,Radix Puerariae,Lotuscorniculatus L. weremore than 1. The translocation factor of heavy metal Cu,Pb,Zn and Mn in Imperata cylindrica L.,Actinstemma Lobatumare were more than 1,but the enrichment coefficients were less than 1,which indicates Imperata cylindrica L.,Actinstemma Lobatum can transfer Cu,Pb,Zn and Mn from the plant root soil to the over-ground part of the plants and to reduce soil heavy metal pollution.
The key issues of phytoremediation in mine tailings are investigation and selection of dominant plants. This work analyzed the contents of heavy metals, and the enrichment and translocation of heavy metals such as Cu,Cd,Zn,Mn,Pb and Ni in the indigenous species in the tailings of Shizishan Tailings in Tongling,Anhui Province,so as to select the pioneer plants for ecosystem restoration of the area. Results showed that among the selected 17 indigenous plants,the mean contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Ni and Mn in the plant root soil exceeded the corresponding background values in Shizishan. Robinia pseudoacacia L., Ixeris polycephala C., Taraxacum mongolicum M.,Imperata cylindrica L.,Crassocephalum crepidioides S.,Vicia sepium,Actinstemma Lobatum,Radix Puerariae,Rumex acetosa L.,Phytolacca acinosa,Lotus corniculatus L.,Brassica napus L.,Equisetum ramosissimum D.,Hemerocallis citrina B.,Gnaphalium affine D. showed a strong translocation ability for more than 2 heavy metals,and could be considered as potential enrichment plants.The enrichment coefficients and translocation factor of Cd in Robinia pseudoacacia L.,Ixeris polycephala C.,Crassocephalum crepidioides S.,Radix Puerariae,Lotuscorniculatus L. weremore than 1. The translocation factor of heavy metal Cu,Pb,Zn and Mn in Imperata cylindrica L.,Actinstemma Lobatumare were more than 1,but the enrichment coefficients were less than 1,which indicates Imperata cylindrica L.,Actinstemma Lobatum can transfer Cu,Pb,Zn and Mn from the plant root soil to the over-ground part of the plants and to reduce soil heavy metal pollution.
引文
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