基于石墨烯纳米复合材料的重金属离子电化学传感器研究
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摘要
近年来,工业快速发展使得我国水污染现象日趋严重,其中,重金属离子含量超标是造成水污染的重要原因。因此,发展简便、快速、灵敏的重金属离子检测技术非常重要。电化学检测方法具有操作简单、制备成本低、灵敏度高和易于微型化等优点,在重金属离子检测中具有重要应用价值。基于热还原氧化石墨烯(Tr GNO)-金纳米颗粒(Au NPs)复合材料构筑高性能电化学传感器平台,采用电化学方法实现对铜离子(Cu2+)的简便、快速、灵敏检测。采用透射电子显微镜和各种电化学技术对纳米复合材料及其修饰电极进行了形貌表征和电化学测试,并对材料制备和测试条件进行了优化。结果表明,通过Tr GNO与Au NPs的有效复合,所制备的纳米复合材料具有增大的电极表面积和优异的导电性,有利于提高对Cu~(2+)的电化学检测灵敏度。线性检测范围为1. 0×10~(-6)～5. 0×10~(-4)mol/L,检测限可达8. 5×10~(-7)mol/L。
In recent years,with the rapid development of industry,water pollution in our country is becoming more and more serious,and heavy metal ions are important pollutants.Therefore,it is an urgent demand to develop a simple,rapid and sensitive method for heavy metal ions detection.The electrochemical method shows great potential in this respect with the advantages of simple operation,low cost,high sensitivity and miniaturization.A thermally reduced graphene oxide( Tr GNO)-Au nanoparticles( Au NPs)nanocomposite was fabricated and applied to the construction of electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of Cu~(2+). The morphology and electrochemical properties of the Tr GNO-AuNPs nanocomposite were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and various electrochemical techniques.The results indicated that the electrode surface area and electrical conductivity were obviously improved by the synergistic effect of Tr GNO and Au NPs,which are beneficial to improve the sensitivity of electrochemical detection of Cu~(2+).The electrochemical sensor showed good linear relationship with the concentration of Cu~(2+) in the range of 1. 0×10~(-6)～ 5. 0×10~(-4) mol/L,and the detection limit is 8. 5×10~(-7) mol/L.
In recent years,with the rapid development of industry,water pollution in our country is becoming more and more serious,and heavy metal ions are important pollutants.Therefore,it is an urgent demand to develop a simple,rapid and sensitive method for heavy metal ions detection.The electrochemical method shows great potential in this respect with the advantages of simple operation,low cost,high sensitivity and miniaturization.A thermally reduced graphene oxide( Tr GNO)-Au nanoparticles( Au NPs)nanocomposite was fabricated and applied to the construction of electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of Cu~(2+). The morphology and electrochemical properties of the Tr GNO-AuNPs nanocomposite were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and various electrochemical techniques.The results indicated that the electrode surface area and electrical conductivity were obviously improved by the synergistic effect of Tr GNO and Au NPs,which are beneficial to improve the sensitivity of electrochemical detection of Cu~(2+).The electrochemical sensor showed good linear relationship with the concentration of Cu~(2+) in the range of 1. 0×10~(-6)～ 5. 0×10~(-4) mol/L,and the detection limit is 8. 5×10~(-7) mol/L.
引文
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[3]KOSKI K J,CUI Y. The new skinny in two-dimensional nanomaterials[J].ACS Nano,2013,7(5):3 739-3 743.
[4]XU M SH,LIANG T,SHI M M,et al.Graphene-like twodimensional materials[J]. Chem. Rev.,2013,113(5):3 766-3 798.
[5]LEI B,LI G R,GAO X P.Morphology dependence of molybdenum disulfide transparent counter electrode in dyesensitized solar cells[J].J.Mater.Chem.A,2014,2:3 919-3 925.
[6]WANG T Y,GAO D L,ZHUO J Q,et al.Size-dependent enhancement of electrocatalytic oxygen-reduction and hydrogen-evolution performance of MoS2particles[J].Chem.Eur.J.,2013,19(36):11 939-11 948.
[7]XU C H,XU B H,GU Y,et al.Graphene-based electrodes for electrochemical energy storage[J]. Energ. Environ.Sci.,2013,6:1 388-1 414.
[8]CALIZO I,BALANDIN A A,BAO W,et al.Temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of graphene and graphene multilayers[J]. Nano Lett.,2007,7(9):2 645-2 649.
[9]ESTEVEZ L,KELARAKIS A,GONG Q M,et al. Multifunctional graphene/platinum/nafion hybrids via ice templating[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2011,133(16):6 122-6 125.
[10]GUO H L,WANG X F,QIAN Q Y,et al. A green approach to the synthesis of graphene nanosheets[J]. ACS Nano,2009,3(9):2 653-2 659.
[11]BIN X M,EDWARD H S,SHANA O K.Nanostructuring of sensors determines the efficiency of biomolecular capture[J].Anal.Chem.,2010,82(14):5 928-5 931.
[12]UEDA A,KATO D,KURITA R,et al. Efficient direct electron transfer with enzyme on a nanostructured carbon film fabricated with a maskless top-down UV/Ozone process[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2011,133(13):4 840-4 846.
[13]YANG T,KONG Q Q,LI Q H,et al.Highly sensitive and synergistic detection of guanine and adenine based on poly(xanthurenic acid)-reduced graphene oxide Interface[J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Inter.,2014,6(14):11 032-11 037.
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[15]LUCZAK T.Preparation and characterization of the dopamine film electrochemically deposited on a gold template and its applications for dopamine sensing in aqueous solution[J].Electrochim.Acta,2008,53(19):5 725-5 731.
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