日粮不同能量和蛋白水平对西藏白绒山羊妊娠后期生产性能和繁殖性能的影响
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摘要
为确定西藏白绒山羊妊娠后期日粮适宜的能量和蛋白水平,本研究以24只体况良好的妊娠母羊作为试验用羊,日粮营养水平参照NRC(2007)标准(ME:2. 77 Mcal/d; CP:160 g/d)的85%、95%、105%和115%设计,并随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊,进行为期60 d的饲养试验。结果表明,Ⅳ组试验羊末期体重和日增重显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P <0. 05),Ⅲ组试验羊日增重显著高于Ⅰ组(P <0. 05); Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组试验羊干物质采食量显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P <0. 05); Ⅳ组试验羊干物质表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ组(P <0. 05),Ⅳ组试验羊粗蛋白、总能表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P <0. 05),Ⅲ组试验羊粗蛋白、总能表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ组(P <0. 05); Ⅳ组和Ⅲ组试验羊血清总蛋白和白蛋白含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P <0. 05),Ⅲ组试验羊血清尿素氮含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P <0. 05),Ⅳ组试验羊血清葡萄糖和总胆固醇含量显著高于其它各组(P <0. 05); Ⅳ组试验羊血清雌二醇水平显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P <0. 05),Ⅲ组试验羊血清雌二醇水平显著高于Ⅰ组(P <0. 05); Ⅳ组试验羊血清促黄体素和孕酮水平显著高于其它各组(P <0. 05),Ⅲ组血清孕酮水平显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组; Ⅳ组和Ⅲ组试验羊初乳乳蛋白和乳糖含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P <0. 05); Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组试验羊均出现流产情况,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组试验羊均无流产情况发生;产活羔数以Ⅲ组最高为13只,羔羊初生体重Ⅳ组和Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P <0. 05)。由此可得,妊娠后期西藏白绒山母羊日粮适宜能量和蛋白水平为DE:2728 kcal/kg; CP:12. 29%。
In order to determine the appropriate energy and protein level of Tibetan white cashmere goats in the late pregnancy,24 pregnant ewes with good condition were used as test sheep. The dietary nutrition level was designed as 85 %,95 %,105 %,and 115 % of NRC( 2007) standard( ME: 2. 77 Mcal/d; CP: 160 g/d),and were randomly divided into 4 groups,each group of 6 replicates,one sheep per replicate,for a 60-day feeding trial. The results showed that the weight and daily weight gain of the sheep in the Ⅳ group were significantly higher than those in the Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups( P < 0. 05). The daily weight gain of the sheep in the Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in the Ⅰ group( P < 0. 05). The dry matter intake of the sheeps in Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups were significantly lower than that of the Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups( P< 0. 05). The dry matter apparent digestibility of the sheep in the Ⅳ group was significantly higher than that of the Ⅰ group( P < 0. 05),and the crude protein and total energy apparent digestibility was significantly higher than that of Ⅰ and Ⅱ group( P < 0. 05). The crude protein and total energy apparent digestibility of sheep in Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that of group I( P < 0. 05). The serum total protein and albumin contents of sheep in Ⅳ and Ⅲ group were significantly higher than those in Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups( P < 0. 05). The serum urea nitrogen content in Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in Ⅰ and Ⅱ group( P < 0. 05). The total cholesterol level was significantly higher than that of the other groups( P < 0. 05).The serum estradiol level in the Ⅳ group was significantly higher than that in the Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups( P < 0. 05). The serum estradiol level in the Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in the Ⅰ group( P < 0. 05); Serum levels of luteinizing hormone and progesterone in Ⅳ group were significantly higher than those in other groups( P < 0. 05). The level of progesterone in Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that of Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups; The levels of colostrum milk protein and lactose in Ⅳ and Ⅲ groups were significantly higher than those in Ⅰ and Ⅱ s( P < 0. 05); The mice in Ⅰ and Ⅳ groups occurred abortion,no abortion occurred in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups. The highest number of live lambs was 13 in Ⅲ group,and the number of lambs in Ⅳ and Ⅲ groups were significantly higher than that in Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups( P < 0. 05). In summary,the suitable energy and protein levels of Tibetan white cashmere ewes in the late pregnancy were DE: 2728 kcal/kg; CP: 12. 29 %.
In order to determine the appropriate energy and protein level of Tibetan white cashmere goats in the late pregnancy,24 pregnant ewes with good condition were used as test sheep. The dietary nutrition level was designed as 85 %,95 %,105 %,and 115 % of NRC( 2007) standard( ME: 2. 77 Mcal/d; CP: 160 g/d),and were randomly divided into 4 groups,each group of 6 replicates,one sheep per replicate,for a 60-day feeding trial. The results showed that the weight and daily weight gain of the sheep in the Ⅳ group were significantly higher than those in the Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups( P < 0. 05). The daily weight gain of the sheep in the Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in the Ⅰ group( P < 0. 05). The dry matter intake of the sheeps in Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups were significantly lower than that of the Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups( P< 0. 05). The dry matter apparent digestibility of the sheep in the Ⅳ group was significantly higher than that of the Ⅰ group( P < 0. 05),and the crude protein and total energy apparent digestibility was significantly higher than that of Ⅰ and Ⅱ group( P < 0. 05). The crude protein and total energy apparent digestibility of sheep in Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that of group I( P < 0. 05). The serum total protein and albumin contents of sheep in Ⅳ and Ⅲ group were significantly higher than those in Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups( P < 0. 05). The serum urea nitrogen content in Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in Ⅰ and Ⅱ group( P < 0. 05). The total cholesterol level was significantly higher than that of the other groups( P < 0. 05).The serum estradiol level in the Ⅳ group was significantly higher than that in the Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups( P < 0. 05). The serum estradiol level in the Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that in the Ⅰ group( P < 0. 05); Serum levels of luteinizing hormone and progesterone in Ⅳ group were significantly higher than those in other groups( P < 0. 05). The level of progesterone in Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that of Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups; The levels of colostrum milk protein and lactose in Ⅳ and Ⅲ groups were significantly higher than those in Ⅰ and Ⅱ s( P < 0. 05); The mice in Ⅰ and Ⅳ groups occurred abortion,no abortion occurred in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups. The highest number of live lambs was 13 in Ⅲ group,and the number of lambs in Ⅳ and Ⅲ groups were significantly higher than that in Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups( P < 0. 05). In summary,the suitable energy and protein levels of Tibetan white cashmere ewes in the late pregnancy were DE: 2728 kcal/kg; CP: 12. 29 %.
引文
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[4]张文广.母羊难产的原因与防治分析[J].当代畜牧,2019(4):69.
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[9]景炜,蒲雪松,卞欣欣,等.日粮不同能量和蛋白水平对多浪羊繁殖性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国草食动物,2010,30(5):21-25.
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[11]李康,郭天龙,金海,等.能量水平对妊娠后期绒山羊养分消化率及羔羊的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(13):35-38.
[2]周利勇.空怀期及妊娠期陕北白绒山羊蛋白质需要量研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[3]陈育枝,郑浩,张曦,等.不同蛋白水平补饲料对妊娠期云岭黑山羊的影响研究[J].中国草食动物,2007(3):37-39.
[4]张文广.母羊难产的原因与防治分析[J].当代畜牧,2019(4):69.
[5]曾庆会.母羊难产的原因、症状、临床检查及其防治[J].现代畜牧科技,2018(7):121.
[6]National Research Council(US). Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants:sheep,goats,cervids,and new world camelids[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2007.
[7]杨胜.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1994:19-23.
[8]康晓龙.不同能量和蛋白水平日粮对母羊繁殖性能的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007.
[9]景炜,蒲雪松,卞欣欣,等.日粮不同能量和蛋白水平对多浪羊繁殖性能及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国草食动物,2010,30(5):21-25.
[10]王惠.空怀期及妊娠期陕北白绒山羊能量需要量研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[11]李康,郭天龙,金海,等.能量水平对妊娠后期绒山羊养分消化率及羔羊的影响[J].饲料工业,2017,38(13):35-38.
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