黏性土干/湿过程中土结构演化特征研究进展
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摘要
干湿变化是自然界中土体必然经历的过程,对土体工程性质有重要影响。系统掌握干/湿过程中土结构演化特征,对深入认识土体宏观力学性质有重要意义。基于国内外大量文献资料,着重总结了黏性土在干燥过程、湿化过程和干湿循环过程中微观结构的演化特征,得到了以下几点主要认识:(1)含水率是影响土体微观结构的关键因素之一,在最优含水率干侧制备的土样呈典型的团聚体结构,孔隙分布曲线具有双峰特征,而在湿侧则呈相对均匀的基质结构,孔隙分布曲线呈现单峰特征;(2)在干燥过程中(吸力增加),到达缩限之前,土体积的减小主要由大的宏观孔隙收缩所致。在不同的吸力区间内,主要受影响的孔隙尺寸是不同的;(3)在湿化过程中(吸力减小),团聚体内的小孔隙和团聚体间的大孔隙都逐渐增大,且以团聚体内的孔隙增大为主,孔隙结构的演化特征与侧限条件密切相关;(4)在干湿循环过程中,土结构变化并不是完全可逆的,土体产生的累积收缩/膨胀形变量主要来自于宏观孔隙,随着干湿循环次数的增加,土体的体变特性会达到一个平衡状态,可用弹性孔隙比进行描述。除此以外,还总结了土结构观测的常规技术方法,包括SEM、ESEM、MIP和CT技术等。最后针对土结构研究现状,提出了今后的研究重点和方向,主要包括制样新方法、观测新技术、湿化过程的微观结构以及微观结构参数与宏观力学模型相结合等。
Variation of moisture is an inevitable process in natural soil,which influences engineering properties significantly. Mastering the evolution characteristics of soil structure in wetting/drying process systematically is meaningful for understanding the macro mechanical properties. Based on a large number of literatures,the evolution rules during drying,wetting and wetting/drying cycling processes are summarized and some insights are as follows.( 1) Water content is the key factor to microstructure. The soils on the wet side of optimum water content have a matrix type of structure with a single pore size distribution,whereas the soils on the dry side of optimum water content display an aggregate structure with a bimodal pore size distribution.( 2) On the drying path before shrinkage limit,the decrease of total volume is mainly caused by the shrink of macro-voids. Different sizes of voids are influenced in different suction domain.( 3) On the wetting path,inter-aggregate voids and intra-aggregate voids both increase and the latter are dominant. The evolution characteristic is relative to confining condition closely.( 4) The change of soil structure in wetting/drying cycling isn't reversible completely,and the accumulated expansion/shrink derives from the deformation of macro-voids. With the development of wetting/drying cycling,the volumetric strain will reach an equilibrium,which can be described by the elastic void ratio. Additionally,the wide spread applied techniques to soil structure research are summarized and include SEM,ESEM,MIP,and CT. Finally,based on the current situation,writers proposed the researching emphasis and direction in the future,ranging from new sample preparation methods,further research on the wetting process,combining between micro-structural parameters and macro mechanical models etc.
Variation of moisture is an inevitable process in natural soil,which influences engineering properties significantly. Mastering the evolution characteristics of soil structure in wetting/drying process systematically is meaningful for understanding the macro mechanical properties. Based on a large number of literatures,the evolution rules during drying,wetting and wetting/drying cycling processes are summarized and some insights are as follows.( 1) Water content is the key factor to microstructure. The soils on the wet side of optimum water content have a matrix type of structure with a single pore size distribution,whereas the soils on the dry side of optimum water content display an aggregate structure with a bimodal pore size distribution.( 2) On the drying path before shrinkage limit,the decrease of total volume is mainly caused by the shrink of macro-voids. Different sizes of voids are influenced in different suction domain.( 3) On the wetting path,inter-aggregate voids and intra-aggregate voids both increase and the latter are dominant. The evolution characteristic is relative to confining condition closely.( 4) The change of soil structure in wetting/drying cycling isn't reversible completely,and the accumulated expansion/shrink derives from the deformation of macro-voids. With the development of wetting/drying cycling,the volumetric strain will reach an equilibrium,which can be described by the elastic void ratio. Additionally,the wide spread applied techniques to soil structure research are summarized and include SEM,ESEM,MIP,and CT. Finally,based on the current situation,writers proposed the researching emphasis and direction in the future,ranging from new sample preparation methods,further research on the wetting process,combining between micro-structural parameters and macro mechanical models etc.
引文
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