燃煤电厂烟气Hg排放特征及其吸附脱除技术研究进展
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摘要
对比了中美燃煤电厂烟气Hg排放限值,统计、分析了中国燃煤电厂烟气Hg排放特征,按美国现役机组低阶煤、非低阶煤的Hg排放限值要求,我国燃煤电厂Hg排放达标率分别仅为25. 8%、70. 9%,实施烟气Hg排放控制是非常必要的。对活性炭、改性飞灰、钙基吸附等国内外吸附脱Hg技术进行综述,基于此指出了干粉活性炭、改性飞灰吸附脱汞技术的后续研究重点,并提出开发廉价、高效、可循环再生使用的Hg吸附剂是未来重要的研究方向,可为我国燃煤电厂吸附脱Hg技术研究及工程实施提供参考。
The mercury emission limits of coal-fired power plants in China and USA were compared,and mercury emission characteristics of coal-fired power plants in China were analyzed statistically. According to the mission limits of low-rank coal and non-low-rank coal in USA,the compliance rate of coal-fired power plants in China was only 25. 8% and 70. 9%,respectively. Therefore,it was necessary to implement the mercury emission control of coal-fired power plants in China. The adsorption technologies mercury in the world were reviewed,such as activated carbon,modified fly ash,calcium sorbents,based on this,the follow-up research direction of mercury adsorption technology with the powder activated carbon and modified fly ash was put forward,and the development of cheap,efficient and recyclable mercury adsorbent was an important research direction in the future. This paper could provide references for the mercury adsorption technology research and project implementation in coal-fired power plants.
The mercury emission limits of coal-fired power plants in China and USA were compared,and mercury emission characteristics of coal-fired power plants in China were analyzed statistically. According to the mission limits of low-rank coal and non-low-rank coal in USA,the compliance rate of coal-fired power plants in China was only 25. 8% and 70. 9%,respectively. Therefore,it was necessary to implement the mercury emission control of coal-fired power plants in China. The adsorption technologies mercury in the world were reviewed,such as activated carbon,modified fly ash,calcium sorbents,based on this,the follow-up research direction of mercury adsorption technology with the powder activated carbon and modified fly ash was put forward,and the development of cheap,efficient and recyclable mercury adsorbent was an important research direction in the future. This paper could provide references for the mercury adsorption technology research and project implementation in coal-fired power plants.
引文
[1]蔡天忠，刘含笑，王建忠，等．燃煤电厂烟气中汞的控制技术及需求分析[J]．山东化工，2018,47(5):1-3.
[2] Wu Q R,Wang S X,Li G L,et al. Temporal trend and spatial distribution of speciated atmospheric mercury emissions in China during 1978—2014[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50:13428-13435.
[3] Wang S M,Zhang Y S,Gu Y Z,et al. Using modified fly ash for mercury emissions control for coal-fired power plant applications in China[J]. Fuel,2016,181:1230-1237.
[4] Zhang Y S,Shang P F,Wang J W,et al. Trace element(Hg,As,Cr,Cd,Pb)distribution and speciation in coal-fired power plants[J]. Fuel,2017,208:647-654.
[5] Zhang Y S,Zhang Z S,Liu Z,et al. Study on the mercury captured by mechanochemical and bromide surface modification of coal fly ash[J]. Fuel,2017,200:427-434.
[6] Tao Y,Zhuo Y,Zhang L,et al. Mercury transformation across various air pollution control devices in a 200MW coal-fired boiler of China[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering,2010,5(5):756-762.
[7] Wang S X,Zhang L,Li G H,et al.Mercury emission and speciation of coal-fired power plants in china[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(3):1183-1192.
[8]李志超，段钰锋，王运军，等．300 MW燃煤电厂ESP和WFGD对烟气汞的脱除特性[J]．燃料化学学报，2013,41(4):491-498.
[9]王圣，王慧敏，朱法华，等．基于实测的燃煤电厂汞排放特性分析与研究[J]．环境科学，2011,32(1):33-37.
[10]胡一蓉．某地燃煤电厂汞排放与国内外汞脱除技术分析[J]．环境科技，2011,24(3):69-72.
[11]杨立国，段钰锋，杨祥花，等．燃煤电厂汞排放特性实验研究[J]．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2007,37(5):817-821.
[12]于丽新，曲莹军，贾俊新，等．基于实测的燃煤电厂汞迁移转化规律研究分析[J]．环境科学与技术，2014,37(12):463-466.
[13]谢馨，尹卫萍．南京燃煤电厂烟气中汞的排放调查[J]．环境监控与预警，2014,6(5):47-49.
[14]于丽新，李超，韩钟国，等．基于实测的燃煤电厂汞排放特性分析与研究[J]．环境工程，2015,33(8):136-139.
[15]陈瑶姬，孟炜，胡达清．燃煤电厂汞的排放特性和脱汞技术分析[J]．能源研究与管理，2016(1):25-27.
[16]张君，李志超，段钰锋，等．燃煤电厂汞迁移排放及脱除[J]．燃烧科学与技术，2015,21(5):415-420.
[17]陈敏敏，王军霞，张守斌，等．中国燃煤电厂汞达标排放分析[J]．环境污染与防治，2016,38(2):106-110.
[18]刘发圣，钟用禄，王潜，等．脱汞催化剂对燃煤电厂汞排放特性的试验研究[J]．电站系统工程，2016,32(5):7-10.
[19]杨丽莎，刘松涛，赵柄，等．基于实测燃煤电厂污染物控制装置对汞排放的影响[J]．化学工程师，2016(1):61-63.
[20]宋畅，张翼，郝剑，等．燃煤电厂超低排放改造前后汞污染排放特征[J]．环境科学研究，2017,30(5):672-677.
[21]刘发圣，夏永俊，徐锐，等．燃煤电厂污染控制设备脱汞效果及汞排放特性试验[J]．中国电力，2017,50(4):162-166.
[22]吕太，冯银行，索利慧，等．燃煤电厂现有烟气净化设备脱汞特性分析[J]．热力发电，2017,46(3):59-63.
[23]陈瑶姬．燃煤电厂超低排放系统中烟气汞的迁移规律研究[J]．电力科技与环保，2017,33(1):9-11.
[24]车凯，李振海，韩忠阁，等．燃煤电厂汞脱除特性及迁移规律[J]．洁净煤技术，2018,24(2):114-118.
[25]吴小琴，王金星．燃煤电厂汞的迁移转化特性的分析[J]．广东化工，2018,45(14):85-87.
[26]郄光皓．山东省燃煤电厂大气汞的排放与分析[D]．济南:山东大学，2018.
[27]周强，段钰锋，卢平．燃煤电厂吸附剂喷射脱汞技术的研究进展[J]．化工进展，2018,37(11):4460-4467.
[28]胡将军，盘思伟，唐念，等．烟气脱汞[M]．北京:中国电力出版社，2016:91-100.
[29] Kang S G,Edberg C D,Rebula E. Demonstration of Mer-Cure technology for enhanced mercury control[C]//DOE/NETL Mercury Control Technology Conference,Pittsburgh,2007.
[30] Derenne S, Sartorelli P, Bustard J. Toxecon clean coal demonstration for mercury and multi-pollutant control at the Presque Isle Power Plant[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2009,90(11):1400-1405.
[31] Dombrowski K. Mercury control for plants firing Texas lignite and equipped with ESP-wet FGD[R]. Final Project Report,2010.
[32]张星，李彩亭，樊小鹏，等．CeCl3/活性炭纤维去除模拟烟气中单质汞的试验研究[J]．中国环境科学，2012,32(5):816-821.
[33]任建莉，胡艳军，沈彩琴，等．烟气成分NO和HCl影响活性炭纤维吸附汞的量子化学计算[J]．动力工程学报，2014,34(6):487-493.
[34] Devito M S,Rosehoover W A. Hg flue gas measurements from coalfired utilities equipped wet scrubbers[C]//The 92nd Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Air&Waste Management Association,ST.Louis,1999.
[35] Li Y H,Lee C W,Gullett B K. Importances of activated carbons oxygen surface functional groups on elemental mercury adsorption[J]. Fuel,2003,82(4):451-458.
[36]顾永正，王树民．改性燃煤飞灰吸附氧化脱汞机理研究进展[J]．化工进展，2017,36(11):4257-4264.
[37]张永生．燃煤电厂飞灰在线改性吸附脱汞[R]．第十七届中国电除尘技术交流会，2017.
[38] Yang H Q,Xu Z H,Fan M H,et al. Adsorbents for acpturing mercury in coal-fired boiler flue gas[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2007,146(1/2):1-11.
[39] Chorishi S B,Singer C F,Sedman C. Preparation and evaluation of modified lime an silica-linge sorbents for mercury vapor emission control[C]//EPRI-DOE-EPA Combined Utility Air Pollution Control Symposiun,1999:24.
[40]刘松涛，赵毅，汪黎东，等．富阳型高活性炭吸附剂同时脱硫脱硝脱汞的实验研究[J]．动力工程，2008,28(3):420-424.
[41] Moreney J R,Panagiotou T,Senior C L. Zeolite sorbent that effectively removes mercury from flue gases[J]. Filtrat,2002,39:24-26.
[2] Wu Q R,Wang S X,Li G L,et al. Temporal trend and spatial distribution of speciated atmospheric mercury emissions in China during 1978—2014[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50:13428-13435.
[3] Wang S M,Zhang Y S,Gu Y Z,et al. Using modified fly ash for mercury emissions control for coal-fired power plant applications in China[J]. Fuel,2016,181:1230-1237.
[4] Zhang Y S,Shang P F,Wang J W,et al. Trace element(Hg,As,Cr,Cd,Pb)distribution and speciation in coal-fired power plants[J]. Fuel,2017,208:647-654.
[5] Zhang Y S,Zhang Z S,Liu Z,et al. Study on the mercury captured by mechanochemical and bromide surface modification of coal fly ash[J]. Fuel,2017,200:427-434.
[6] Tao Y,Zhuo Y,Zhang L,et al. Mercury transformation across various air pollution control devices in a 200MW coal-fired boiler of China[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering,2010,5(5):756-762.
[7] Wang S X,Zhang L,Li G H,et al.Mercury emission and speciation of coal-fired power plants in china[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(3):1183-1192.
[8]李志超，段钰锋，王运军，等．300 MW燃煤电厂ESP和WFGD对烟气汞的脱除特性[J]．燃料化学学报，2013,41(4):491-498.
[9]王圣，王慧敏，朱法华，等．基于实测的燃煤电厂汞排放特性分析与研究[J]．环境科学，2011,32(1):33-37.
[10]胡一蓉．某地燃煤电厂汞排放与国内外汞脱除技术分析[J]．环境科技，2011,24(3):69-72.
[11]杨立国，段钰锋，杨祥花，等．燃煤电厂汞排放特性实验研究[J]．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2007,37(5):817-821.
[12]于丽新，曲莹军，贾俊新，等．基于实测的燃煤电厂汞迁移转化规律研究分析[J]．环境科学与技术，2014,37(12):463-466.
[13]谢馨，尹卫萍．南京燃煤电厂烟气中汞的排放调查[J]．环境监控与预警，2014,6(5):47-49.
[14]于丽新，李超，韩钟国，等．基于实测的燃煤电厂汞排放特性分析与研究[J]．环境工程，2015,33(8):136-139.
[15]陈瑶姬，孟炜，胡达清．燃煤电厂汞的排放特性和脱汞技术分析[J]．能源研究与管理，2016(1):25-27.
[16]张君，李志超，段钰锋，等．燃煤电厂汞迁移排放及脱除[J]．燃烧科学与技术，2015,21(5):415-420.
[17]陈敏敏，王军霞，张守斌，等．中国燃煤电厂汞达标排放分析[J]．环境污染与防治，2016,38(2):106-110.
[18]刘发圣，钟用禄，王潜，等．脱汞催化剂对燃煤电厂汞排放特性的试验研究[J]．电站系统工程，2016,32(5):7-10.
[19]杨丽莎，刘松涛，赵柄，等．基于实测燃煤电厂污染物控制装置对汞排放的影响[J]．化学工程师，2016(1):61-63.
[20]宋畅，张翼，郝剑，等．燃煤电厂超低排放改造前后汞污染排放特征[J]．环境科学研究，2017,30(5):672-677.
[21]刘发圣，夏永俊，徐锐，等．燃煤电厂污染控制设备脱汞效果及汞排放特性试验[J]．中国电力，2017,50(4):162-166.
[22]吕太，冯银行，索利慧，等．燃煤电厂现有烟气净化设备脱汞特性分析[J]．热力发电，2017,46(3):59-63.
[23]陈瑶姬．燃煤电厂超低排放系统中烟气汞的迁移规律研究[J]．电力科技与环保，2017,33(1):9-11.
[24]车凯，李振海，韩忠阁，等．燃煤电厂汞脱除特性及迁移规律[J]．洁净煤技术，2018,24(2):114-118.
[25]吴小琴，王金星．燃煤电厂汞的迁移转化特性的分析[J]．广东化工，2018,45(14):85-87.
[26]郄光皓．山东省燃煤电厂大气汞的排放与分析[D]．济南:山东大学，2018.
[27]周强，段钰锋，卢平．燃煤电厂吸附剂喷射脱汞技术的研究进展[J]．化工进展，2018,37(11):4460-4467.
[28]胡将军，盘思伟，唐念，等．烟气脱汞[M]．北京:中国电力出版社，2016:91-100.
[29] Kang S G,Edberg C D,Rebula E. Demonstration of Mer-Cure technology for enhanced mercury control[C]//DOE/NETL Mercury Control Technology Conference,Pittsburgh,2007.
[30] Derenne S, Sartorelli P, Bustard J. Toxecon clean coal demonstration for mercury and multi-pollutant control at the Presque Isle Power Plant[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2009,90(11):1400-1405.
[31] Dombrowski K. Mercury control for plants firing Texas lignite and equipped with ESP-wet FGD[R]. Final Project Report,2010.
[32]张星，李彩亭，樊小鹏，等．CeCl3/活性炭纤维去除模拟烟气中单质汞的试验研究[J]．中国环境科学，2012,32(5):816-821.
[33]任建莉，胡艳军，沈彩琴，等．烟气成分NO和HCl影响活性炭纤维吸附汞的量子化学计算[J]．动力工程学报，2014,34(6):487-493.
[34] Devito M S,Rosehoover W A. Hg flue gas measurements from coalfired utilities equipped wet scrubbers[C]//The 92nd Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Air&Waste Management Association,ST.Louis,1999.
[35] Li Y H,Lee C W,Gullett B K. Importances of activated carbons oxygen surface functional groups on elemental mercury adsorption[J]. Fuel,2003,82(4):451-458.
[36]顾永正，王树民．改性燃煤飞灰吸附氧化脱汞机理研究进展[J]．化工进展，2017,36(11):4257-4264.
[37]张永生．燃煤电厂飞灰在线改性吸附脱汞[R]．第十七届中国电除尘技术交流会，2017.
[38] Yang H Q,Xu Z H,Fan M H,et al. Adsorbents for acpturing mercury in coal-fired boiler flue gas[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2007,146(1/2):1-11.
[39] Chorishi S B,Singer C F,Sedman C. Preparation and evaluation of modified lime an silica-linge sorbents for mercury vapor emission control[C]//EPRI-DOE-EPA Combined Utility Air Pollution Control Symposiun,1999:24.
[40]刘松涛，赵毅，汪黎东，等．富阳型高活性炭吸附剂同时脱硫脱硝脱汞的实验研究[J]．动力工程，2008,28(3):420-424.
[41] Moreney J R,Panagiotou T,Senior C L. Zeolite sorbent that effectively removes mercury from flue gases[J]. Filtrat,2002,39:24-26.
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