水轮机组振动监测系统的研究与设计
摘要
随着水电事业的发展,大量水轮发电机组投入使用,维护以及保障其运行安全越来越重要。振动是影响水轮机组正常运行和使用寿命的主要因素,因此实时监测振动信号对大中型水轮发电机组的故障预测具有重要意义。
一个完整的振动监测系统包括很多方面,其中信号数据采集、处理与传输是振动监测系统的最基本的环节。传统的以简单微控制器为核心的振动监测系统,监测点少,实时性差;而以微机为核心的振动监测系统,成本大,费用高。本文在参考了典型的振动监测系统后,提出了一种基于现场总线的水轮机组振动监测系统。该监测系统采用TI公司新款数字信号处理器(DSP)TMS320F2812作为振动监测系统的主控制器,使用其内置高速高精度模数转换器(ADC)采集现场数据,并利用其内置增强型局域网控制器(eCAN)组成CAN网络,具有抗干扰能力强、扩展性好、实时性高、数据传输可靠、安装简单、信号处理技术先进和性价比高等诸多优点。
本文围绕水轮机组振动监测系统的设计与开发问题,首先论述了水轮机组在线监测的重要性,概述了振动监测理论国内外研究状况,提出了本课题的任务和目的;然后分析了水轮机组振动信号特征及其产生原因,介绍了振动监测所需要的关键技术,提出了水轮机组振动监测系统的总体架构;接着针对振动监测节点的功能需求,分析了CAN总线的数据传输能力和振动监测节点控制器数据处理的实时性;最后详细描述了振动监测节点的硬件设计和软件设计。
With the development of Hydropower, lots of hydraulic generators have been put into practice. Vibration is one of the main factors that influence running security and life-span of generators. So vibration on-line monitoring is very important for generator fault diagnosis.
A complete on-line monitoring system includes many aspects. Signal data collection and signal processing are foundmental. They are key parts in an on-line monitoring system. Traditional fault monitoring system uses simple MCU as its main controller. Its monitoring nodes are less and its real time performance is worse. Vibration monitoring system using microcomputer as the main controller cost a lot. Considering this, this paper puts forward a hydraulic generators vibration on-line monitoring system based on can bus. This paper uses digital signal processor TMS320F2812 as the main controller of on-line monitoring system. This system uses its built-in high speed analog to digital converter module to sample local data and also uses its built-in can module to form can bus network. It has many advances such as high real time performance, fast communication speed, low coat and so on.
This paper designs and develops a hydraulic generator Vibration Monitoring System. Firstly it decribes the importance of hydraulic generators on-line monitoring and introduces the general situation of vibration on-line monitoring theory. After that it puts forwards the main contents of this paper. Secondly it analyses the characteristic and the cause of vibration from hydraulic generators. Then it introduces key technique which vibration on-line monitoring needs and gives the whole structure of hydraulic generator Vibration Monitoring System. Thirdly, this paper decribes main functions of this system and analyses transportation capability of can bus. And it also analyses the real-time performance. Lastly this paper introduce the hardware design and the soft design in details.
一个完整的振动监测系统包括很多方面,其中信号数据采集、处理与传输是振动监测系统的最基本的环节。传统的以简单微控制器为核心的振动监测系统,监测点少,实时性差;而以微机为核心的振动监测系统,成本大,费用高。本文在参考了典型的振动监测系统后,提出了一种基于现场总线的水轮机组振动监测系统。该监测系统采用TI公司新款数字信号处理器(DSP)TMS320F2812作为振动监测系统的主控制器,使用其内置高速高精度模数转换器(ADC)采集现场数据,并利用其内置增强型局域网控制器(eCAN)组成CAN网络,具有抗干扰能力强、扩展性好、实时性高、数据传输可靠、安装简单、信号处理技术先进和性价比高等诸多优点。
本文围绕水轮机组振动监测系统的设计与开发问题,首先论述了水轮机组在线监测的重要性,概述了振动监测理论国内外研究状况,提出了本课题的任务和目的;然后分析了水轮机组振动信号特征及其产生原因,介绍了振动监测所需要的关键技术,提出了水轮机组振动监测系统的总体架构;接着针对振动监测节点的功能需求,分析了CAN总线的数据传输能力和振动监测节点控制器数据处理的实时性;最后详细描述了振动监测节点的硬件设计和软件设计。
With the development of Hydropower, lots of hydraulic generators have been put into practice. Vibration is one of the main factors that influence running security and life-span of generators. So vibration on-line monitoring is very important for generator fault diagnosis.
A complete on-line monitoring system includes many aspects. Signal data collection and signal processing are foundmental. They are key parts in an on-line monitoring system. Traditional fault monitoring system uses simple MCU as its main controller. Its monitoring nodes are less and its real time performance is worse. Vibration monitoring system using microcomputer as the main controller cost a lot. Considering this, this paper puts forward a hydraulic generators vibration on-line monitoring system based on can bus. This paper uses digital signal processor TMS320F2812 as the main controller of on-line monitoring system. This system uses its built-in high speed analog to digital converter module to sample local data and also uses its built-in can module to form can bus network. It has many advances such as high real time performance, fast communication speed, low coat and so on.
This paper designs and develops a hydraulic generator Vibration Monitoring System. Firstly it decribes the importance of hydraulic generators on-line monitoring and introduces the general situation of vibration on-line monitoring theory. After that it puts forwards the main contents of this paper. Secondly it analyses the characteristic and the cause of vibration from hydraulic generators. Then it introduces key technique which vibration on-line monitoring needs and gives the whole structure of hydraulic generator Vibration Monitoring System. Thirdly, this paper decribes main functions of this system and analyses transportation capability of can bus. And it also analyses the real-time performance. Lastly this paper introduce the hardware design and the soft design in details.
引文
[1] 张福明.水轮发电机组故障诊断与识别.水动力学研究与进展,2000
[2] 陈维克,张松,吴雅,杨叔子.我国水电机组振动监测与故障诊断技术的现状和发展方向.大电机技术,1994
[3] Ming Rao,Haibin Yang,Heming Yang.Integrated Distributed Intelligent System Architecture for Incidents Monitoring and Diagnosis,Computers in Industry 1998
[4] 钟秉林,黄仁.机械故障诊断学.机械工业出版社,1997
[5] 吴长利,王辉斌.水轮发电机组振动在线监测系统设计选型及维护.湖南电力,2001
[6] 董毓新.水轮发电机组振动.大连理工大学出版社,1989
[7] Pastorel H P 等.加拿大魁北克水轮发电机组的计算机监测系统.国外大电机,1991
[8] 邬宽明.现场总线技术应用选编(上).北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.1
[9] Power Supply Sequencing Solutions for Dual Supply Voltage DSPs,Texas Instruments Incorporated,2000
[10] Reset Circuit for the TMS320C6000 DSP, Texas Instruments Incorporated , 2001.
[11] TPS767D3xx,Dual-Output Low-DROP OUT Voltage Regulators.Texas Instruments Incorporated ,datasheet, 2002
[12] TMS320F2812,Digital Signal Processors, Data Manual. Texas Instruments Incorporated ,2003.7
[13] CY7C1041V33,256K×16 Static RAM . CYPRESS .Datasheet,1999.6
[14] CY7C025AV,8K×16 Dual-Port Static RAM with Sem,Int,Busy. CYPRESS. Datasheet,1999.1
[15] TMS320C28x DSP Reference Set, Volume 1--- CPU and Peripherals. Texas Instruments, March 2004
[16] TMS320C28x Assembly Language Tools User's Guide. Texas Instruments, 2001
[17] Code Composer Studio User’s Getting Started Guide. Texas Instruments, May 2001
[18] TMS320C28x Optimizing C/C++ Compiler User’s Guide. Texas Instruments, June 2001
[19] TMS320C28x C Source Debugger User’s Guide. Texas Instruments, April 1998
[20] TMS320F28x Analog to Digital Converte(rADC) Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated , 2003.8
[21] 李朝青.PC 机与单片机&DSP 数据通信技术选编(2).北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.5
[22] 邬宽明.CAN 总线原理和应用系统设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,1996.11
[23] 邬俊.基于TMS320F2812内嵌eCAN模块的CAN总线通信.电子设计应用,2003.10
[24] TMS320F28x Enhanced Controller Area Network(eCAN) Peripheral Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated , 2003.6
[25] Programming Examples for the TMS320F281x eCAN. Texas Instruments Incorporated , 2002
[26] 张卫宁.TMS320C2000 系列 DSPs 原理及应用.国防工业出版社,2002,4
[27] 彭启琮,李玉柏.DSP 技术.电子科技大学出版社,1997.11
[28] 李晋华等.基于 CAN 总线数据采集系统的设计与实现.吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2004.3
[29] 谢自美.电子线路设计·实验·测试(第二版).华中科技大学出版社,2000.7
[30] 周明.现场总线控制.中国电力出版社,2002 .1
[31] 王载新等.程序设计基础与 C 语言.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999.3
[32] 宛延闿.C++语言和面向对象程序设计.清华大学出版社,1998.3
[33] 沈辉,周建中.DSP 在水电站振动监测中的应用.水电自动化与大坝监测,2002.10
[34] 刘海英等.发电机状态监测仪中 CAN 适配卡的设计方案.国外电子元器件,2000
[35] 张礼达等.水电站水轮机故障专家系统的构建与研究.四川水利发电,2001.7
[36] 宁改娣,杨拴科. DSP 控制器原理及应用.科学出版社,2001.11
[37] 谭思云.水轮机组的状态监测与故障诊断系统的研究.武汉理工大学硕士论文,2003.5
[38] 韩凤琴.水轮机组转动系监测与故障诊断分析系统的开发.华中科技大学硕士论文,2004.4
[39] 韦彩新.水轮机组转动系监测与故障诊断分析系统的开发.华中科技大学硕士论文,2002.4
[40] 贾嵘,白亮,罗兴,刘峰.基于神经网络的水轮发电机组振动故障诊断专家系统.水力发电学报,2004.12
[41] 戴洪海.基于 DSP 和嵌入式系统的继电保护测试仪研究与实现华中科技大学硕士论文,2004.8
[42] 毋茂盛,余达太,李果.利用 TMS320LF2407A 进行 CAN 通信时需要注意的几个问题及对策.计算机工程与应用.2004.7
[43] 唐兵,周建中,邹托武,赵炳,何宇.基于 PCI 的微机继电保护测试仪通信控制卡的设计及其 WDM 驱动程序的实现.继电器,录用待发
[44] 邹托武,周建中,唐兵等.基于 DSP 的直接数字频率合成器的研究与实现.电测与仪表,2005.10
[45] 4th- and 8th- Order Coninuous-Time Active Filters. Maxim Integrated products,1996
[46] 苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆锋,陈圣俭.TMS320F2812 原理与开发.电子工业出版社,2005
[47] 邹托武,周建中,唐兵等.基于 DSP 的直接数字频率合成器的研究与实现.电测与仪表,2005.10
[48] 彭兵,周建中,付波,唐兵.径向基神经网络在水轮机组故障诊断中的应用.水电自动化与大坝监测,2006.10
[2] 陈维克,张松,吴雅,杨叔子.我国水电机组振动监测与故障诊断技术的现状和发展方向.大电机技术,1994
[3] Ming Rao,Haibin Yang,Heming Yang.Integrated Distributed Intelligent System Architecture for Incidents Monitoring and Diagnosis,Computers in Industry 1998
[4] 钟秉林,黄仁.机械故障诊断学.机械工业出版社,1997
[5] 吴长利,王辉斌.水轮发电机组振动在线监测系统设计选型及维护.湖南电力,2001
[6] 董毓新.水轮发电机组振动.大连理工大学出版社,1989
[7] Pastorel H P 等.加拿大魁北克水轮发电机组的计算机监测系统.国外大电机,1991
[8] 邬宽明.现场总线技术应用选编(上).北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.1
[9] Power Supply Sequencing Solutions for Dual Supply Voltage DSPs,Texas Instruments Incorporated,2000
[10] Reset Circuit for the TMS320C6000 DSP, Texas Instruments Incorporated , 2001.
[11] TPS767D3xx,Dual-Output Low-DROP OUT Voltage Regulators.Texas Instruments Incorporated ,datasheet, 2002
[12] TMS320F2812,Digital Signal Processors, Data Manual. Texas Instruments Incorporated ,2003.7
[13] CY7C1041V33,256K×16 Static RAM . CYPRESS .Datasheet,1999.6
[14] CY7C025AV,8K×16 Dual-Port Static RAM with Sem,Int,Busy. CYPRESS. Datasheet,1999.1
[15] TMS320C28x DSP Reference Set, Volume 1--- CPU and Peripherals. Texas Instruments, March 2004
[16] TMS320C28x Assembly Language Tools User's Guide. Texas Instruments, 2001
[17] Code Composer Studio User’s Getting Started Guide. Texas Instruments, May 2001
[18] TMS320C28x Optimizing C/C++ Compiler User’s Guide. Texas Instruments, June 2001
[19] TMS320C28x C Source Debugger User’s Guide. Texas Instruments, April 1998
[20] TMS320F28x Analog to Digital Converte(rADC) Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated , 2003.8
[21] 李朝青.PC 机与单片机&DSP 数据通信技术选编(2).北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.5
[22] 邬宽明.CAN 总线原理和应用系统设计.北京航空航天大学出版社,1996.11
[23] 邬俊.基于TMS320F2812内嵌eCAN模块的CAN总线通信.电子设计应用,2003.10
[24] TMS320F28x Enhanced Controller Area Network(eCAN) Peripheral Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated , 2003.6
[25] Programming Examples for the TMS320F281x eCAN. Texas Instruments Incorporated , 2002
[26] 张卫宁.TMS320C2000 系列 DSPs 原理及应用.国防工业出版社,2002,4
[27] 彭启琮,李玉柏.DSP 技术.电子科技大学出版社,1997.11
[28] 李晋华等.基于 CAN 总线数据采集系统的设计与实现.吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2004.3
[29] 谢自美.电子线路设计·实验·测试(第二版).华中科技大学出版社,2000.7
[30] 周明.现场总线控制.中国电力出版社,2002 .1
[31] 王载新等.程序设计基础与 C 语言.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999.3
[32] 宛延闿.C++语言和面向对象程序设计.清华大学出版社,1998.3
[33] 沈辉,周建中.DSP 在水电站振动监测中的应用.水电自动化与大坝监测,2002.10
[34] 刘海英等.发电机状态监测仪中 CAN 适配卡的设计方案.国外电子元器件,2000
[35] 张礼达等.水电站水轮机故障专家系统的构建与研究.四川水利发电,2001.7
[36] 宁改娣,杨拴科. DSP 控制器原理及应用.科学出版社,2001.11
[37] 谭思云.水轮机组的状态监测与故障诊断系统的研究.武汉理工大学硕士论文,2003.5
[38] 韩凤琴.水轮机组转动系监测与故障诊断分析系统的开发.华中科技大学硕士论文,2004.4
[39] 韦彩新.水轮机组转动系监测与故障诊断分析系统的开发.华中科技大学硕士论文,2002.4
[40] 贾嵘,白亮,罗兴,刘峰.基于神经网络的水轮发电机组振动故障诊断专家系统.水力发电学报,2004.12
[41] 戴洪海.基于 DSP 和嵌入式系统的继电保护测试仪研究与实现华中科技大学硕士论文,2004.8
[42] 毋茂盛,余达太,李果.利用 TMS320LF2407A 进行 CAN 通信时需要注意的几个问题及对策.计算机工程与应用.2004.7
[43] 唐兵,周建中,邹托武,赵炳,何宇.基于 PCI 的微机继电保护测试仪通信控制卡的设计及其 WDM 驱动程序的实现.继电器,录用待发
[44] 邹托武,周建中,唐兵等.基于 DSP 的直接数字频率合成器的研究与实现.电测与仪表,2005.10
[45] 4th- and 8th- Order Coninuous-Time Active Filters. Maxim Integrated products,1996
[46] 苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆锋,陈圣俭.TMS320F2812 原理与开发.电子工业出版社,2005
[47] 邹托武,周建中,唐兵等.基于 DSP 的直接数字频率合成器的研究与实现.电测与仪表,2005.10
[48] 彭兵,周建中,付波,唐兵.径向基神经网络在水轮机组故障诊断中的应用.水电自动化与大坝监测,2006.10
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