基于DSP的微机继电保护测试仪的研究与设计
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摘要
电力保护系统作为保障电力系统安全可靠运行的基础,对电网安全、电能质量、国民经济等有着重要的作用;而继电保护测试仪根据国际、国家标准对电力保护系统中的继电保护部分进行仿真、测试,其品质和性能会直接影响仿真、测试的效果。
随着现代电力系统规模的不断扩大,电力保护系统也随之更加复杂;这对测试机制和测试仪的性能要求也必定提高。微电子技术、计算机技术的高速发展,使得继电保护测试仪也不断向微机化、嵌入式、网络化方向发展;微机继电保护测试仪由于具有轻型灵便、性能优异、可扩展性好等优势而具备更大的市场份额和发展前景。
本文结合微机继电保护测试仪的科研项目的研究与实践,提出一种基于DSP的微机继电保护测试仪器的设计方案,现已研制成功并转产。该继电保护仪硬件的各功能部件按电路模块化思想独立设计,强弱电、模数之间均有可靠隔离通道,其目的是为了调试方便,并有利于硬件升级;软件部分的高级应用程序操作界面友好、性能优越。整机通信高速稳定、性能优异、功能强大、升级快捷;提供的网络端口、USB端口,使系统具备良好的可扩展性。
按照功能布局和逻辑结构该微机继电保护测试仪大概可划分为三层:以研华出品的工控机PCM-9577及其扩展作为上层硬件平台,为高级应用软件和DSP核心通信控制板提供服务;中间层是以TI公司DSP TMS320F2812为核心通信控制器,采用PCI总线与上层平台进行通信;底层为滤波、隔离电路和功率放大电路等。
本文首先介绍继电保护测试仪的原理、历史以及现状,并提出本系统的设计方案和本课题的任务;然后阐述上层硬件平台及所需的各种扩展器件的设计与实现;随后对中间层即以DSP为核心的通信控制板的设计和实现进行展述。在描述硬件平台设计后,再对DSP程序及其算法进行展述,其中重点阐述DDS原理及其优化的实际应用。最后对全文进行总结,指出该型微机继电保护测试仪的主要创新点及其不足,并对进一步优化设计和应用前景做了展望。
As the foundation of electricity system’s safely and reliable running, the power protection system also plays an important role in power grid, electricity quality, national economy, etc. The relay protection testing device carries on simulation and testing functions upon relay protection system of power protection system according with international and national standards, and then its quality and performance has a direct influence on results of simulation and testing.
With the continued expansion of the scale of modern electricity systems, power protection system has become more complex .This requires improvements of testing theory and performance of testing device. The rapid development of microelectronics technology, computer technology makes it is possible to develop the computer-based, embedded and network-oriented trends. Microcomputer relay protection testing device will have a good market share and promising prospects for development because of the advantages of extreme handiness, excellence performance and easy extension.
According to practice experiences of scientific research in microcomputer relay protection testing device, this paper brings forward a microcomputer relay protection testing device based on DSP. It has been successfully developed and put into production. The hardware of protection testing device is designed independently, circuit modular, strong and weak electricity or analog and digital signal are both isolated reliable for the purpose of debugging convenience, preventing breakdown of system, and rapid upgrading. The software applications operate with friendly interface, high-performance. The whole device communicates in high speed stably, excellent performance, powerful, and upgrade easily. By providing a network port and USB port, the device can expand conveniently.
According to the function framework and logical structure, the microcomputer relay protection testing device can be divided into three layers about: the embedded industrial control computer PCM-9577 and its hardware expansions as the upper hardware platform layer providing services for the advanced application software and the DSP core communications & control panel; Middle platform layer is the core communications controller based on TI’s TMS320F2812 DSP, which communicates with upper platform layer through PCI bus; The bottom platform layer consist of filter, isolation and power amplifier circuits, etc.
This first chapter in this paper introduced the principles of relay protection testing device and it’s develop history and the status in quo, then presents the blue print and the task of this project. The next chapters describe the upper hardware platforms including its various expansion components and the realization of the middle platforms: the core communication and control panel based on DSP. The following chapter describes the procedures and algorithms of the DSP program, focusing on the principles and the practical application of DDS. It makes a summary of the paper at the last chapter, and figures out the advantages and disadvantage of the device. Furthermore it gives a prospect of the further optimized design and the future application.
随着现代电力系统规模的不断扩大,电力保护系统也随之更加复杂;这对测试机制和测试仪的性能要求也必定提高。微电子技术、计算机技术的高速发展,使得继电保护测试仪也不断向微机化、嵌入式、网络化方向发展;微机继电保护测试仪由于具有轻型灵便、性能优异、可扩展性好等优势而具备更大的市场份额和发展前景。
本文结合微机继电保护测试仪的科研项目的研究与实践,提出一种基于DSP的微机继电保护测试仪器的设计方案,现已研制成功并转产。该继电保护仪硬件的各功能部件按电路模块化思想独立设计,强弱电、模数之间均有可靠隔离通道,其目的是为了调试方便,并有利于硬件升级;软件部分的高级应用程序操作界面友好、性能优越。整机通信高速稳定、性能优异、功能强大、升级快捷;提供的网络端口、USB端口,使系统具备良好的可扩展性。
按照功能布局和逻辑结构该微机继电保护测试仪大概可划分为三层:以研华出品的工控机PCM-9577及其扩展作为上层硬件平台,为高级应用软件和DSP核心通信控制板提供服务;中间层是以TI公司DSP TMS320F2812为核心通信控制器,采用PCI总线与上层平台进行通信;底层为滤波、隔离电路和功率放大电路等。
本文首先介绍继电保护测试仪的原理、历史以及现状,并提出本系统的设计方案和本课题的任务;然后阐述上层硬件平台及所需的各种扩展器件的设计与实现;随后对中间层即以DSP为核心的通信控制板的设计和实现进行展述。在描述硬件平台设计后,再对DSP程序及其算法进行展述,其中重点阐述DDS原理及其优化的实际应用。最后对全文进行总结,指出该型微机继电保护测试仪的主要创新点及其不足,并对进一步优化设计和应用前景做了展望。
As the foundation of electricity system’s safely and reliable running, the power protection system also plays an important role in power grid, electricity quality, national economy, etc. The relay protection testing device carries on simulation and testing functions upon relay protection system of power protection system according with international and national standards, and then its quality and performance has a direct influence on results of simulation and testing.
With the continued expansion of the scale of modern electricity systems, power protection system has become more complex .This requires improvements of testing theory and performance of testing device. The rapid development of microelectronics technology, computer technology makes it is possible to develop the computer-based, embedded and network-oriented trends. Microcomputer relay protection testing device will have a good market share and promising prospects for development because of the advantages of extreme handiness, excellence performance and easy extension.
According to practice experiences of scientific research in microcomputer relay protection testing device, this paper brings forward a microcomputer relay protection testing device based on DSP. It has been successfully developed and put into production. The hardware of protection testing device is designed independently, circuit modular, strong and weak electricity or analog and digital signal are both isolated reliable for the purpose of debugging convenience, preventing breakdown of system, and rapid upgrading. The software applications operate with friendly interface, high-performance. The whole device communicates in high speed stably, excellent performance, powerful, and upgrade easily. By providing a network port and USB port, the device can expand conveniently.
According to the function framework and logical structure, the microcomputer relay protection testing device can be divided into three layers about: the embedded industrial control computer PCM-9577 and its hardware expansions as the upper hardware platform layer providing services for the advanced application software and the DSP core communications & control panel; Middle platform layer is the core communications controller based on TI’s TMS320F2812 DSP, which communicates with upper platform layer through PCI bus; The bottom platform layer consist of filter, isolation and power amplifier circuits, etc.
This first chapter in this paper introduced the principles of relay protection testing device and it’s develop history and the status in quo, then presents the blue print and the task of this project. The next chapters describe the upper hardware platforms including its various expansion components and the realization of the middle platforms: the core communication and control panel based on DSP. The following chapter describes the procedures and algorithms of the DSP program, focusing on the principles and the practical application of DDS. It makes a summary of the paper at the last chapter, and figures out the advantages and disadvantage of the device. Furthermore it gives a prospect of the further optimized design and the future application.
引文
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[22] 冯杰.对微机型继电保护测试仪几个关键问题的探讨.广西电力.2004.06
[23] 邹托武,周建中,赵炳,唐兵,何宇.基于 DSP 的直接数字频率合成器的研究和实现.电测与仪表.2005.10
[24] 戴洪海.基于 DSP 和嵌入式系统的继电保护测试仪的研究与实现.华中科技大学硕士论文集.2004.05
[25] 王洲.基于 DSP 的继电保护测试装置仿真算法的研究.全国优秀硕博论文集
[26] 那洪洋,李杨,杨文通.USB 总线通信原理的研究与分析.机械设计与制造.2006.01
[27] 张树明,方昌林.基于 USB 总线的数据采集系统.机床与液压.2005.12
[28] 胡菲,卢益民.基于 FPGA 的 PCI 接口控制器的设计与实现.电子元器件应用.2006.1
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[30] Steven Viably Toshiba's Low Temperature Polysilicon TFT LCDs.Advanced Display, 2000.03
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[58] 唐兵,周建中,邹托武,赵炳,何宇.基于 PCI 的微机继电保护测试仪通信控制卡的设计及其 WDM 驱动程序的实现.继电器
[2] 刘连玉,姜道国.西电东送与西部水能资源开发规划及总体布局.水利发电.2002.7:1-3
[3] 周小谦.我国西电东送的发展历史、规划和实施.电网技术.2003.05
[4] 韩祯祥,曹一家.电力系统的安全性及防治措施.电网技术.2004,28(9)
[5] 杨卫东,徐政,韩祯祥.电力系统灾变防治研究中的一些问题.电力系统自动化.2000.24(6)
[6] PARBHU KUNDUR.Power System Stability and Control 影印版.中国电力出版社.2001.12
[7] Balu N, Bertram T-bone a ET al.On-line power system security analysis. [J]Proc.of IEEE, 1992.80(2):262-279
[8] 陈皓.新一代微机继电保护测试仪及基本性能.电力自动化设备.2002.5:61-63
[9] 何智平,周玲,张方军,吴健.国内市场微机型继电保护测试仪的现状和发展.继电器.2005.33(8):76-80
[10] 赵志民,秦立军.继电保护测试技术的现状与发展.现代电力.2002.19(1):43-48
[11] 王 玉 斌 , 王 雷 , 王 广 柱 . 电 子 式 继 电 保 护 测 试 仪 的 研 制 . 山 东 工 业 大 学 学报.1994.4:193-196
[12] 金明,兰勇,袁博强.微机型继电保护测试装置的功能与现状.继电器.2001.3:1-4
[13] 黄晓明,邹托武,赵炳,何宇,唐兵.微机继电保护测试仪中高性能数字信号发生器的研究与实现.电力自动化设备.2006.6:17-21
[14] PULSAR 三相保护继电器测试系统说明书
[15] 王立军,赵隶哲.站台仿真在检验保护动作行为中的应用.湖北电力.1999.3
[16] 王澎.利用奥秘克朗测试仪对继电保护装置进行电磁暂态试验.东北电力技术.1999.7
[17] 潘伟.01型和11型微机保护性能的比较.湖南电力.1994.02
[18] 北京第一热电厂继电保护班.MRT-02B 型多功能继电保护测试装置的现场应用.华北电力技术.1994.10
[19] 喻伟军.微机保护中的相角差计算.华东电力.1995.02
[20] 武汉豪迈电力自动化技术有限公司.“继保之星”系列继电保护测试系统使用说明书.2000.06
[21] 郝文斌,戴玉松,郑敏.基于 PC104的继电保护测试仪算法研究.西华大学学报(自然科学版).2005.01
[22] 冯杰.对微机型继电保护测试仪几个关键问题的探讨.广西电力.2004.06
[23] 邹托武,周建中,赵炳,唐兵,何宇.基于 DSP 的直接数字频率合成器的研究和实现.电测与仪表.2005.10
[24] 戴洪海.基于 DSP 和嵌入式系统的继电保护测试仪的研究与实现.华中科技大学硕士论文集.2004.05
[25] 王洲.基于 DSP 的继电保护测试装置仿真算法的研究.全国优秀硕博论文集
[26] 那洪洋,李杨,杨文通.USB 总线通信原理的研究与分析.机械设计与制造.2006.01
[27] 张树明,方昌林.基于 USB 总线的数据采集系统.机床与液压.2005.12
[28] 胡菲,卢益民.基于 FPGA 的 PCI 接口控制器的设计与实现.电子元器件应用.2006.1
[29] Advantech.PCM-9577 Datasheet Manual.2002.07
[30] Steven Viably Toshiba's Low Temperature Polysilicon TFT LCDs.Advanced Display, 2000.03
[31] 陈力平,徐冠捷.基于单片机的串口扩展器微计算机信息.2006.08
[32] TMS320F2812Digital Signal ProcessorsData Manual.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2003.7
[33] TMS320C28x DSP Reference Set.Volume 1-CPU and Peripherals.Texas Instruments.March 2004
[34] TMS320x281x DSP Peripheral Reference Guide Data Manual.Texas Instruments Incorporated. 2003.7
[35] TMS320F28x Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Reference Guide.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2003.8
[36] TMS320x281x DSP Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)Reference Guide Data Manual.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2003.7
[37] TMS320x281x, 280x DSP Serial Communication Interface (SCI) Reference Guide Data Manual.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2003.7
[38] TMS320x281x Multi-channel Buffered Serial Port (McBSP) Data Manual.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2003.7
[39] TMS320x281x System Control and Interrupts Data Manual.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2003.7
[40] TMS320x281x DSP Event Manager (EV) Reference Guide Data Manual.Texas Instruments Incorporated.2003.7
[41] TMS320F28x Enhanced Controller Area Network (eCAN) Peripheral Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 2003.6
[42] PCI9054 Design Notes.PLX Technology Inc.2003.7
[43] PCI9054 Data Book.PLX Technology Inc.2000.1
[44] Anderson Don 著.尚利译.PCI 系统结构.北京电子工业出版社.2000
[45] 李贵山,陈金鹏.PCI 局部总线及其应用.西安电子科技大学出版社.2003.02
[46] MAX7000 Programmable Logic Device Family.Altera Datasheet V6.3
[47] CY7C1041V33 256K×16 Static RAM .CYPRESS Datasheet.1999.6
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