基于DSP的水轮机调速系统仿真测试仪研究与实现
摘要
水轮机调节系统是水电站运行的重要组成部分,而调速器又是水轮机调节系统的核心,其调节品质的好坏对水轮发电机组运行的安全性和经济性,以及电力系统的电能质量和安全、可靠、稳定运行具有重大意义。因此,在调速器的生产、安装和大修等环节,都需要对其性能和特性进行全面测试,并对控制参数等进行适当的整定。
为了解决调速器在实验室的研制阶段难以达到边开发边测试等难题,结合目前调速系统自动测试装置的现状和电子技术的发展趋势,本文提出了一种基于DSP技术的水轮机调速系统仿真测试仪的设计方案。该测试仪内含执行机构和调节对象的仿真模型,可以在不同情况下进行仿真模式的选择,从而实现并完成调速器的各项出厂测试试验。除此之外,测试仪还可以在发电现场对调速系统的实时量进行采集和分析,测试和监控调速器和系统的工作状态。
本设计采用TI公司的TMS320F2812 DSP芯片作为核心控制器件,与Cypress公司的USB控制芯片CY7C68013连接,利用USB 2.0高速的数据传输能力,通过USB总线接口完成与PC机应用程序的通信。本文探讨了系统总体方案设计,对水轮机调节系统完成了建模及仿真,实现了整体硬件平台设计,并对系统软件的设计作了初步探讨。在全文的第四章中,重点针对测试仪的频率测量模块,首先对残压测频和齿盘测频等水轮机组常用频率测量的方法进行了比较选择,并提出了一种基于改进平均滤波法的单传感器测量方法,最后对测试仪测频模块的具体软硬件实现作了详细阐述。
The hydraulic turbine governing system is an important component of the hydropower station, and the hydraulic turbine governor is the core of hydraulic turbine governing system. The qualities that the governor performs count for much of the security and economy of the hydraulic turbine generator, even of the electric energy quality and the stability. So, during the production and installation or after the overhauling, it is necessary to test all the performance and characteristics of the governor completely and adjust correlative parameters properly.
In order to solve the problems such as that it is difficult to test the new product when developing it in the lab and combining the actuality of the hydraulic turbine governing system testing device and the development of electronic technology, this paper puts forward a proposal named hydraulic turbine governing system simulation and testing device based on DSP into practice. This device which contains the simulation model of the servo system and the governing object offers different mode of the simulation in various situation to finish all the experiments of the governor. In addition, it is designed to collect and analyze important signal of the hydraulic turbine governing system at the hydraulic power station and supervise the regulating status.
By using DSP TMS320F2812 of TI company as the core control part and CY7C68013 of Cypress company as USB interface, the hydraulic turbine governing system simulation and testing device can send and receive data between DSP system and the application in PC in a high speed supplied by USB 2.0.In this paper, we probe into the whole system design. First, the model of hydraulic turbine governing system is established. Then, the hardware platform and part of the software is realized. In Chapter 4, the frequency measurement module of the device is particularly introduced. After comparing the methods which are usually taken in the hydraulic turbine frequency measurement, a method based on improved average filter by single sensor is proposed and is adopted in the realization of frequency measurement module. At the end of Chapter 4, the implementation of both the frequency measurement circuit and the program is done.
为了解决调速器在实验室的研制阶段难以达到边开发边测试等难题,结合目前调速系统自动测试装置的现状和电子技术的发展趋势,本文提出了一种基于DSP技术的水轮机调速系统仿真测试仪的设计方案。该测试仪内含执行机构和调节对象的仿真模型,可以在不同情况下进行仿真模式的选择,从而实现并完成调速器的各项出厂测试试验。除此之外,测试仪还可以在发电现场对调速系统的实时量进行采集和分析,测试和监控调速器和系统的工作状态。
本设计采用TI公司的TMS320F2812 DSP芯片作为核心控制器件,与Cypress公司的USB控制芯片CY7C68013连接,利用USB 2.0高速的数据传输能力,通过USB总线接口完成与PC机应用程序的通信。本文探讨了系统总体方案设计,对水轮机调节系统完成了建模及仿真,实现了整体硬件平台设计,并对系统软件的设计作了初步探讨。在全文的第四章中,重点针对测试仪的频率测量模块,首先对残压测频和齿盘测频等水轮机组常用频率测量的方法进行了比较选择,并提出了一种基于改进平均滤波法的单传感器测量方法,最后对测试仪测频模块的具体软硬件实现作了详细阐述。
The hydraulic turbine governing system is an important component of the hydropower station, and the hydraulic turbine governor is the core of hydraulic turbine governing system. The qualities that the governor performs count for much of the security and economy of the hydraulic turbine generator, even of the electric energy quality and the stability. So, during the production and installation or after the overhauling, it is necessary to test all the performance and characteristics of the governor completely and adjust correlative parameters properly.
In order to solve the problems such as that it is difficult to test the new product when developing it in the lab and combining the actuality of the hydraulic turbine governing system testing device and the development of electronic technology, this paper puts forward a proposal named hydraulic turbine governing system simulation and testing device based on DSP into practice. This device which contains the simulation model of the servo system and the governing object offers different mode of the simulation in various situation to finish all the experiments of the governor. In addition, it is designed to collect and analyze important signal of the hydraulic turbine governing system at the hydraulic power station and supervise the regulating status.
By using DSP TMS320F2812 of TI company as the core control part and CY7C68013 of Cypress company as USB interface, the hydraulic turbine governing system simulation and testing device can send and receive data between DSP system and the application in PC in a high speed supplied by USB 2.0.In this paper, we probe into the whole system design. First, the model of hydraulic turbine governing system is established. Then, the hardware platform and part of the software is realized. In Chapter 4, the frequency measurement module of the device is particularly introduced. After comparing the methods which are usually taken in the hydraulic turbine frequency measurement, a method based on improved average filter by single sensor is proposed and is adopted in the realization of frequency measurement module. At the end of Chapter 4, the implementation of both the frequency measurement circuit and the program is done.
引文
[1] 沈祖诒.水轮机调节(第三版).中国水利水电出版社.1998
[2] 李朝晖.水轮机调速器自动测试研究.大电机技术.1996.3:58-64
[3] 戴洪海.基于 DSP 和嵌入式系统的继电保护测试仪研究与实现.2004.8
[4] 田国良.水轮机调速器内置式调试与维护系统的研究与开发.武汉水利电力大学硕士学位论文.2000.5
[5] 何良超.基于 DSP 的水轮机调速器测试仪的研制.武汉大学硕士学位论文.2004.4
[6] 罗南华,杨晓菊.水轮机调节系统的控制技术与发展.基础自动化.1998.4:4-8
[7] 苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆锋,陈圣俭编著.TMS320F2812 原理与开发.电子工业出版社.2005.4
[8] TMS320F2812, Digital Signal Processors, Data Manual. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2003.7
[9] 胡晓军,张爱成编著.USB 接口开发技术.西安电子科技大学出版社.2005
[10] EZ-USB FX2 Technical Reference Manual. Cypress Semiconductor.
[11] FCUSB-CY7C68013-56 开发套件用户手册(版本 2.0).星烁工控科技.
[12] TPS767D3xx, Dual-Output Low-DROP OUT Voltage Regulators. Texas Instruments Incorporated , datasheet, 2002
[13] TMS320x281x Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated.
[14] ISO124 datasheet. Burr-Brown.
[15] UAF42 datasheet. Burr-Brown.
[16] AD628 datasheet. Analog Devices.
[17] TMS320F281x Event Manager (EV) Peripheral Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 2002.5
[18] TLP521 datasheet. TOSHIBA.
[19] OP07 Precision Operational Amplifiers datasheet. Texas Instruments.
[20] 尹勇,欧光军,关荣锋编著.DSP 集成开发环境 CCS 使用指南.北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[21] 杨吉祥,詹宏英.电子测量技术基础.东南大学出版社.2003
[22] 魏守平.现代水轮机调节技术.华中科技大学出版社.2002
[23] 胡玉平,张立梅等.用双传感器法提高内燃机瞬时转速测量精度的研究.第 19 卷(2001)第 5 期:477-480
[24] 肖赛赛,邓显文.齿盘测频在微机调速器中的应用.2000.4:38-39
[25] 叶长红.齿盘+残压双回路测频装置在乌江增容调速器上的运用.科技与管理.2004.4:4-6
[26] 胡玉平,张立梅,程勇等.用双传感器法提高内燃机瞬时转速测量精度的研究.内燃机学报.2001.5:477-480
[27] 蔡晓峰,顾云俊.提高齿盘测速精度的软硬件方法.
[28] 常黎,周建中.一种基于卡尔曼滤波的齿盘测速方法.水电能源科学.2001.2:57-58
[29] 邓磊.基于 PCC 的水力机组调速系统实时动态仿真仪研究.河海大学硕士学位论文.2004.3
[30] 徐桃云.基于 DSP 的水轮机调速器研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2004.5
[31] 李建华.PAFR-100 型水轮机调速器的研制.东南大学硕士学位论文.2003.3
[32] 孙尔军.PLC 水轮机微机调速器的开发研究.河海大学硕士学位论文.2003.3
[33] 徐静,阮毅.基于 TMS320F240 的 M/T 法测速的实现与应用.变频器世界.2004.4:41-43
[34] 许军.以单片机为核心的测频系统测量误差.工业仪表与自动化.1998.5:37-40
[35] TMS320C24X DSP 控制器参考手册.武汉力源电子股份有限公司.2001.5
[36] 苏晓东.发电机组监控检测系统的研制.南京理工大学硕士学位论文.2002.3
[37] 叶建和.基于 PLC 的水轮发电机组转速测量研究.水电厂自动化.2004.1:15-17
[38] 齐志才,韩成浩.机轮低转速高精度测量系统研究与设计.吉林建筑工程学院学报.2003.1:49-52
[39] 彭启琮,李玉柏,管庆编著.DSP 技术发展与应用.高等教育出版社.2002
[40] Zhou Wei. A Practical Method to Process Time and Frequency Signal. IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium. 1999
[41] Zhou Wei, etal. Some New Development of Precision Frequency Measurement Technique. Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium. 1995.pp 354-359
[42] 张昌期.水轮机——原理与数学模型.华中理工大学出版社.1988
[43] TMS320x281x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 2003.7
[44] Code Composer Studio User’s Getting Started Guide. Texas Instruments. May 2001
[45] 中华人民共和国国家标准《水轮机调速器与油压装置试验验收规程》GB/T9652. 2-1997
[46] 中华人民共和国国家标准《水轮机调速器与油压装置术语》GB/T8181-95
[47] 中华人民共和国电力行业标准《水轮机电液调节系统及装置技术规程》DL/T563-95
[48] P. Kopacek, E. Zauner. Governing Turbines by Microcomputers. Water Power. 1982.9
[49] 王珊,周建中,李超顺,杜思存.基于 RBF 神经网络的水轮机调节系统辨识.水力发电.第 32 卷(2006)第 3 期:42-44
[2] 李朝晖.水轮机调速器自动测试研究.大电机技术.1996.3:58-64
[3] 戴洪海.基于 DSP 和嵌入式系统的继电保护测试仪研究与实现.2004.8
[4] 田国良.水轮机调速器内置式调试与维护系统的研究与开发.武汉水利电力大学硕士学位论文.2000.5
[5] 何良超.基于 DSP 的水轮机调速器测试仪的研制.武汉大学硕士学位论文.2004.4
[6] 罗南华,杨晓菊.水轮机调节系统的控制技术与发展.基础自动化.1998.4:4-8
[7] 苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆锋,陈圣俭编著.TMS320F2812 原理与开发.电子工业出版社.2005.4
[8] TMS320F2812, Digital Signal Processors, Data Manual. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2003.7
[9] 胡晓军,张爱成编著.USB 接口开发技术.西安电子科技大学出版社.2005
[10] EZ-USB FX2 Technical Reference Manual. Cypress Semiconductor.
[11] FCUSB-CY7C68013-56 开发套件用户手册(版本 2.0).星烁工控科技.
[12] TPS767D3xx, Dual-Output Low-DROP OUT Voltage Regulators. Texas Instruments Incorporated , datasheet, 2002
[13] TMS320x281x Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated.
[14] ISO124 datasheet. Burr-Brown.
[15] UAF42 datasheet. Burr-Brown.
[16] AD628 datasheet. Analog Devices.
[17] TMS320F281x Event Manager (EV) Peripheral Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 2002.5
[18] TLP521 datasheet. TOSHIBA.
[19] OP07 Precision Operational Amplifiers datasheet. Texas Instruments.
[20] 尹勇,欧光军,关荣锋编著.DSP 集成开发环境 CCS 使用指南.北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[21] 杨吉祥,詹宏英.电子测量技术基础.东南大学出版社.2003
[22] 魏守平.现代水轮机调节技术.华中科技大学出版社.2002
[23] 胡玉平,张立梅等.用双传感器法提高内燃机瞬时转速测量精度的研究.第 19 卷(2001)第 5 期:477-480
[24] 肖赛赛,邓显文.齿盘测频在微机调速器中的应用.2000.4:38-39
[25] 叶长红.齿盘+残压双回路测频装置在乌江增容调速器上的运用.科技与管理.2004.4:4-6
[26] 胡玉平,张立梅,程勇等.用双传感器法提高内燃机瞬时转速测量精度的研究.内燃机学报.2001.5:477-480
[27] 蔡晓峰,顾云俊.提高齿盘测速精度的软硬件方法.
[28] 常黎,周建中.一种基于卡尔曼滤波的齿盘测速方法.水电能源科学.2001.2:57-58
[29] 邓磊.基于 PCC 的水力机组调速系统实时动态仿真仪研究.河海大学硕士学位论文.2004.3
[30] 徐桃云.基于 DSP 的水轮机调速器研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2004.5
[31] 李建华.PAFR-100 型水轮机调速器的研制.东南大学硕士学位论文.2003.3
[32] 孙尔军.PLC 水轮机微机调速器的开发研究.河海大学硕士学位论文.2003.3
[33] 徐静,阮毅.基于 TMS320F240 的 M/T 法测速的实现与应用.变频器世界.2004.4:41-43
[34] 许军.以单片机为核心的测频系统测量误差.工业仪表与自动化.1998.5:37-40
[35] TMS320C24X DSP 控制器参考手册.武汉力源电子股份有限公司.2001.5
[36] 苏晓东.发电机组监控检测系统的研制.南京理工大学硕士学位论文.2002.3
[37] 叶建和.基于 PLC 的水轮发电机组转速测量研究.水电厂自动化.2004.1:15-17
[38] 齐志才,韩成浩.机轮低转速高精度测量系统研究与设计.吉林建筑工程学院学报.2003.1:49-52
[39] 彭启琮,李玉柏,管庆编著.DSP 技术发展与应用.高等教育出版社.2002
[40] Zhou Wei. A Practical Method to Process Time and Frequency Signal. IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium. 1999
[41] Zhou Wei, etal. Some New Development of Precision Frequency Measurement Technique. Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium. 1995.pp 354-359
[42] 张昌期.水轮机——原理与数学模型.华中理工大学出版社.1988
[43] TMS320x281x DSP System Control and Interrupts Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Incorporated. 2003.7
[44] Code Composer Studio User’s Getting Started Guide. Texas Instruments. May 2001
[45] 中华人民共和国国家标准《水轮机调速器与油压装置试验验收规程》GB/T9652. 2-1997
[46] 中华人民共和国国家标准《水轮机调速器与油压装置术语》GB/T8181-95
[47] 中华人民共和国电力行业标准《水轮机电液调节系统及装置技术规程》DL/T563-95
[48] P. Kopacek, E. Zauner. Governing Turbines by Microcomputers. Water Power. 1982.9
[49] 王珊,周建中,李超顺,杜思存.基于 RBF 神经网络的水轮机调节系统辨识.水力发电.第 32 卷(2006)第 3 期:42-44
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