水稻整株秸秆还田机工作参数优化设计研究
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摘要
作物秸秆是农作物生产系统中一项重要的生物资源，作物秸秆资源的利用既涉及到整个农业系统中的土壤肥力、水土保持，也涉及到环境安全以及再生资源的有效利用等可持续发展问题。秸秆机械还田是解决秸秆处理问题的有效途径之一。
目前，秸秆机械还田机具已成为我国农机近期研究的一个重要领域。关于稻麦秸秆整株还田的机具研究目前还存在很多问题。为了研究水稻整株秸秆还田机具各部件的结构参数、工作参数等因素对功率的影响，降低秸秆整株还田机具功率消耗，本文对秸秆还田机具的各参数进行了设计和试验研究。
(1)提出试验台的总体设计方案，通过对秸秆还田机的机理分析，选择(出)影响还田机作业质量的结构参数、工作参数作为主要研究因素；
(2)对刀盘间距、刀的排列方式、刀片滑切角以及刀片安装角等主要工作部件的结构参数进行理论分析与优化设计；
(3)合理选择、设计、加工测试系统的传感器部分，并对整个测试系统进行标定；
(4)在影响参数中，选择了对机具作业状态和功率消耗有较大影响的刀盘间距、机器前进速度以及刀滚旋转速度三个参数作为试验因子，按照二次正交旋转组合设计试验方法，给出试验方案并进行了试验研究；
(5)通过对试验数据的处理分析，得到刀盘间距、机器前进速度以及刀滚旋转速度这三个因素对转矩影响的数学模型，并分析了这三个因素对转矩的影响规律；
(6)通过对得到模型的理论分析，最终得到刀盘间距、机器前进速度以及刀滚旋转速度这三个因素对作业机具功率消耗的数学模型，并分析了这三个因素对功率消耗的影响规律。
本文通过上述的试验和分析，给出了刀盘间距、机器前进速度以及刀滚旋转速度这三个因素在满足作业要求(覆盖率、埋草深度、碎土率)的前提下，降低功耗的最优组合方案，为进一步进行整机参数优化设计提供了重要的理论依据。
The crop straw is an important biologic resource in agricultural production system. Theapplication of the crop straw resource is involved with not only the soil fertility, water and soilconservation in the whole agricultural system, but also sustaining development problems such asthe environmental safety and the effective utilization of the regenerative resources. The straw returnin mechanical method is one of the effective ways to solve the straw processing.
At the present time, the straw return machine has become of an important field in agriculturalmachinery study in China. However there are still lots of problems existed in the study of the strawreturn machine of whole rice stems. (such as power consumption is too much) In order to solve theimpact of those factors on the power consumption, such as structural parameters, operatingparameters and so on of each component in the machine, and reduce power consumption, thepaper implemented a design and experimental investigation on the parameters of the straw returnmachine.
(1) The integrated design plan on test stand was put forward in this paper and throughmechanics analysis of the straw return machine, the structural parameters and operatingparameters which affected the operating quality of straw return machine are chose as the mainresearch factors.
(2) The theoretical analysis and optimizing design were implemented to the structuralparameters of major working components, such as the clearance between cutter heads, thearrange of bent blade, grass removing angle and setting angle.
(3) The sensor section has been chose, designed and processed logically, and then the testsystem was calibrated.
(4) Among those influencing parameters, the paper chose the clearance between cutterheads, machine forward speed and knife roll revolving speed as experimental factors, whichhave a great influence on working status and power consumption (about the straw return machine),then put forward the experimental scheme and conducted experimental investigation as per the twotimes orthogonal rotational regressive test plan.
(5) Through the analysis of data processing about the test date, a mathematical modelregarding the influence of the clearance between cutter heads, machine forward speed and rollrotational speed on the torque of the machine was achieved and the rule of impacts of these threefactors on the torque were analyzed as well.
(6) Through the theory analysis about the model forenamed, another mathematical modelregarding the influence of the clearance between cutter heads, machine forward speed and rollrotational speed on the power consumption of the machine was achieved and the rule of impacts ofthese three factors on the power consumption were analyzed as well.
Through the forementioned experiment and analysis, the optimal association schemes of theclearance between cutter head, machine forward speed and roll rotational speed on powerconsumption were given in the paper, on the premise that the operation requirements (such aspercentage of coverage, the tiling depth, and hack) were fulfilled. It provides the importanttheoretical foundation for further optimal design of parameters for whole machine.
目前，秸秆机械还田机具已成为我国农机近期研究的一个重要领域。关于稻麦秸秆整株还田的机具研究目前还存在很多问题。为了研究水稻整株秸秆还田机具各部件的结构参数、工作参数等因素对功率的影响，降低秸秆整株还田机具功率消耗，本文对秸秆还田机具的各参数进行了设计和试验研究。
(1)提出试验台的总体设计方案，通过对秸秆还田机的机理分析，选择(出)影响还田机作业质量的结构参数、工作参数作为主要研究因素；
(2)对刀盘间距、刀的排列方式、刀片滑切角以及刀片安装角等主要工作部件的结构参数进行理论分析与优化设计；
(3)合理选择、设计、加工测试系统的传感器部分，并对整个测试系统进行标定；
(4)在影响参数中，选择了对机具作业状态和功率消耗有较大影响的刀盘间距、机器前进速度以及刀滚旋转速度三个参数作为试验因子，按照二次正交旋转组合设计试验方法，给出试验方案并进行了试验研究；
(5)通过对试验数据的处理分析，得到刀盘间距、机器前进速度以及刀滚旋转速度这三个因素对转矩影响的数学模型，并分析了这三个因素对转矩的影响规律；
(6)通过对得到模型的理论分析，最终得到刀盘间距、机器前进速度以及刀滚旋转速度这三个因素对作业机具功率消耗的数学模型，并分析了这三个因素对功率消耗的影响规律。
本文通过上述的试验和分析，给出了刀盘间距、机器前进速度以及刀滚旋转速度这三个因素在满足作业要求(覆盖率、埋草深度、碎土率)的前提下，降低功耗的最优组合方案，为进一步进行整机参数优化设计提供了重要的理论依据。
The crop straw is an important biologic resource in agricultural production system. Theapplication of the crop straw resource is involved with not only the soil fertility, water and soilconservation in the whole agricultural system, but also sustaining development problems such asthe environmental safety and the effective utilization of the regenerative resources. The straw returnin mechanical method is one of the effective ways to solve the straw processing.
At the present time, the straw return machine has become of an important field in agriculturalmachinery study in China. However there are still lots of problems existed in the study of the strawreturn machine of whole rice stems. (such as power consumption is too much) In order to solve theimpact of those factors on the power consumption, such as structural parameters, operatingparameters and so on of each component in the machine, and reduce power consumption, thepaper implemented a design and experimental investigation on the parameters of the straw returnmachine.
(1) The integrated design plan on test stand was put forward in this paper and throughmechanics analysis of the straw return machine, the structural parameters and operatingparameters which affected the operating quality of straw return machine are chose as the mainresearch factors.
(2) The theoretical analysis and optimizing design were implemented to the structuralparameters of major working components, such as the clearance between cutter heads, thearrange of bent blade, grass removing angle and setting angle.
(3) The sensor section has been chose, designed and processed logically, and then the testsystem was calibrated.
(4) Among those influencing parameters, the paper chose the clearance between cutterheads, machine forward speed and knife roll revolving speed as experimental factors, whichhave a great influence on working status and power consumption (about the straw return machine),then put forward the experimental scheme and conducted experimental investigation as per the twotimes orthogonal rotational regressive test plan.
(5) Through the analysis of data processing about the test date, a mathematical modelregarding the influence of the clearance between cutter heads, machine forward speed and rollrotational speed on the torque of the machine was achieved and the rule of impacts of these threefactors on the torque were analyzed as well.
(6) Through the theory analysis about the model forenamed, another mathematical modelregarding the influence of the clearance between cutter heads, machine forward speed and rollrotational speed on the power consumption of the machine was achieved and the rule of impacts ofthese three factors on the power consumption were analyzed as well.
Through the forementioned experiment and analysis, the optimal association schemes of theclearance between cutter head, machine forward speed and roll rotational speed on powerconsumption were given in the paper, on the premise that the operation requirements (such aspercentage of coverage, the tiling depth, and hack) were fulfilled. It provides the importanttheoretical foundation for further optimal design of parameters for whole machine.
引文
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