数字存储示波器设计及基于ARM的主控模块的实现
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摘要
示波器在工程测量中有着广泛的应用,是工程技术人员在科研工作中最常用的电子测量仪器之一。数字存储示波器(DSO)更是以其特有的优势,成为近年来发展最快的电子测量仪器之一。
随着现代测量对电子仪器精度、速度、智能化等各方面要求的提高,32位的高性能ARM微处理器逐渐替代传统的8位单片机成为复杂系统主CPU的首选。本文通过对传统DSO技术方案以及本项目具体功能和指标的分析,提出了ARM+FPGA架构的技术方案。ARM微处理器强大的控制性能和灵活的接口技术,使得系统的控制变得简单,系统的编程大大简化。FPGA的采用实现了数据的高速采集和慢速处理,其丰富的逻辑资源也提高了系统的集成度。论文重点讨论了ARM控制系统的设计思想和实现方案。作为一个典型的嵌入式系统,本DSO采用SAMSUNG公司的ARM9微处理器S3C2410作为系统的硬件核心,并采用实时操作系统μCOS-Ⅱ对其任务进行调度。软件部分开发主要基于嵌入式开发环境ADS1.2,并通过JTAG调试口对系统的软件进行在线调试。
经测试,移植的操作系统能成功运行,系统能实时地响应键盘的输入,在有效带宽200MHz内能实现波形的准确显示。论文最后还给出了系统测试的过程和结果,并对系统的改进做了适当的探讨。
As one of the most common equipments the engineers use in research and development,the oscilloscope has been widely used in project measurements.The Digital Storage Oscilloscope(DSO)has become one of the most fast-developed equipments because of its proper characteristics.
With the enhancing requirements on speed、precision and intelligentization,the 32-bit high-powered ARM microprocessor has become the best choice as a main CPU in complicated systems instead of the 8-bit singlechip.According to the schemes of traditional DSOs and requirement details of this project,the ARM+FPGA scheme is presented.The ARM microprocessor makes the control simple as well as the programming because of its strong control ability and flexible connectors.The design and realization scheme is highlighted in the paper.In this typical embedded system,an ARM9 microprocessor S3C2410 of SAMSUNG is employed withμCOS-Ⅱreal-time operation system running upon it.The software design is based on ADS1.2 with JTAG debugger.
Practical testing verifed that the operation system can run successfully,the system can respond to keyboard’s real-time input and show precise image of signals in its effectual bandwidth. Rear part of the paper gives testing procedure and results,along with possible improvements being discussed.
随着现代测量对电子仪器精度、速度、智能化等各方面要求的提高,32位的高性能ARM微处理器逐渐替代传统的8位单片机成为复杂系统主CPU的首选。本文通过对传统DSO技术方案以及本项目具体功能和指标的分析,提出了ARM+FPGA架构的技术方案。ARM微处理器强大的控制性能和灵活的接口技术,使得系统的控制变得简单,系统的编程大大简化。FPGA的采用实现了数据的高速采集和慢速处理,其丰富的逻辑资源也提高了系统的集成度。论文重点讨论了ARM控制系统的设计思想和实现方案。作为一个典型的嵌入式系统,本DSO采用SAMSUNG公司的ARM9微处理器S3C2410作为系统的硬件核心,并采用实时操作系统μCOS-Ⅱ对其任务进行调度。软件部分开发主要基于嵌入式开发环境ADS1.2,并通过JTAG调试口对系统的软件进行在线调试。
经测试,移植的操作系统能成功运行,系统能实时地响应键盘的输入,在有效带宽200MHz内能实现波形的准确显示。论文最后还给出了系统测试的过程和结果,并对系统的改进做了适当的探讨。
As one of the most common equipments the engineers use in research and development,the oscilloscope has been widely used in project measurements.The Digital Storage Oscilloscope(DSO)has become one of the most fast-developed equipments because of its proper characteristics.
With the enhancing requirements on speed、precision and intelligentization,the 32-bit high-powered ARM microprocessor has become the best choice as a main CPU in complicated systems instead of the 8-bit singlechip.According to the schemes of traditional DSOs and requirement details of this project,the ARM+FPGA scheme is presented.The ARM microprocessor makes the control simple as well as the programming because of its strong control ability and flexible connectors.The design and realization scheme is highlighted in the paper.In this typical embedded system,an ARM9 microprocessor S3C2410 of SAMSUNG is employed withμCOS-Ⅱreal-time operation system running upon it.The software design is based on ADS1.2 with JTAG debugger.
Practical testing verifed that the operation system can run successfully,the system can respond to keyboard’s real-time input and show precise image of signals in its effectual bandwidth. Rear part of the paper gives testing procedure and results,along with possible improvements being discussed.
引文
[1] Dye.T.A,Teose.E,Digital storage scopes advance,Spectrum, IEEE,Volume 29,Issue 2,1992.2,Page(s):38 - 41.
[2] Chen Xiaomin,Shi Wenjun,Sheng Wen,Application of multithreading in virtual digital storage oscilloscope development,Control、Automation、Robotics and Vision Conference,IEEE Sensors Journal,2004,Volume 1,Page(s):504 - 508.
[3] Guo Shize,Zhang Yiqun, Sun Shenghe,The dynamic calibration of digital storage oscilloscopes in noise environments , Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings,IEEE,2001,Vol 12,Page(s):520 - 522.
[4] Huey Ting Ang,CCDs in digital storage oscilloscopes,PT/Elektronica Elektrotechniek,v 45,n 4,April.1990,Page(s):38-39.
[5] Schamel A.,Modulation analysis-DSO displays PWM control circuit operation details,PCIM Power Electronic Systems,v 25,n 4,April.1999,Page(s):53-56.
[6] Strassberg, Dan,Real-time-sampling DSO ,EDN,Oct 14,2004,p18.
[7] Parish R,Oscilloscopes for power electronic circuits,Measurement Techniques for Power Electronics, IEE Colloquium ,Dec.1991,Page(s):211 - 216.
[8] Ma Hong-rui,μCOS-Ⅱ porting based on LH7A400 MPU of embedded system,Zhejiang University of Technol,Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology,v33,n3,June.2005,Page(s):253-256.
[9] Wang Tianmiao,Embedded CNC system with the μCOS-Ⅱ,Beijing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut China,Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,v 32,n 4,April.2006,Page(s):471-480.
[10] Zhang Yi-Lei,TFT-LCD driver of S3C2410 with ARM CPU core,Changchun Inst. of Opt,Fine Mech. & Phys. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays,v 20,n 1,Feb.2005, Page(s):61-66.
[11] Jin Wei,Chen Changling,Comparison of frequency measurement between time-domain and frequency-domain in DSO,Communications, Circuits and Systems Proceedings 2005 International Conference,Volume 2, May. 2005,Page(s):286 - 288 .
[12] Fager C,Andersson K,Improvement of Oscilloscope Based RF Measurements by Statistical Averaging Techniques , Microwave Symposium Digest , IEEE MTT-S InternationalJune.2006,Page(s):1460 - 1463.
[13] Kusayanagi N,Choi T,A 25 Msps 8-bit/10 Msps 10-bit CMOS data acquisition IC for digital storage oscilloscopes,Custom Integrated Circuits Conference,Proceedings of the IEEE,1997,May.1997, Page(s):301 - 304.
[14] Kok-Yong Lou,Cher-Hiang Goh,Design and real-time implementation of a control system for port AGV application,Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation ,2003 IEEE International Symposium on Volume 2,July.2003,Page(s):527 - 532 .
[15] Kreye H.D.,The eye of the DSO-supervision responsibility by optimization management,Elektrizitaetswirtschaft,v 104,n 24,Nov .2005,Page(s):44-48.
[16] Sun Li-jun,Lu Zhi-xiang,A detection and diagnostic system of rotor eccentricity in asynchronous motor with DSO,Electric Machines and Control,v 9,n 6, Nov.2005,Page(s):537-40.
[17] Witte R. ,Use your DSO to measure elusive waveform variations,EDN (European Edition),v 40,n 16,Aug.1995,Page(s):107-112.
[18] Wang Yong,Shi Wenkang,E-calibration technique of DSO based on Internet,Computer Measurement & Control,v 12,n 3,March.2004,Page(s):296-300.
[19] Allan,Roger,Signal-integrity tools measure up to DSO demands,Electronic Design,v 52,n 25,Nov.2004,Page(s):28.
[20] Cipriani P. ,Networking the modern DSO,EE Evaluation Engineering,v 38,n 7,July.1999,Page(s):28-36.
[21] Weller D. ,Relating wideband DSO rise time to bandwidth,EDN (US Edition),v 47,n 27, Dec.2002,Page(s):89-94.
[22] Rowe M.,Quantify noise with a DSO,Test & Measurement World,v 22,n 1,Jan.2002,Page(s):37-41.
[23] Rogina,Branka Medved ,Michieli Ivan,Metastability parameters evaluation by DSO data acquisition,IWSSIP 2005 Proceedings of 12th International Workshop on Systems,Signals and Image Processing,2005.Page(s):395-398.
[24] Miller, E.M.,Advanced DSO techniques in debugging embedded systems,Embedded Systems Programming,v 9,n 3,March.1996,Page(s):66-78.
[25] Lecklider,Tom,Innovative architecture distinguishes DSO,Evaluation Engineering,v 41,n 3,March.2002,Page(s):35-38.
[26] Su Kang ,High-performance display control system for DSO,Nanjing Hangkong HangtianDaxue Xuebao/Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,August.2006,Page(s):497-502.
[27] Wang Mi,Ma Yixin,Williams R A,et al. A high-performance EIT system,IEEE Sensors Journal,2005,Volume 5,Issue 2,Page(s):289-299.
[28] Zhu Li,Zhang Jingsen,Zeng Ming. An embedded system architecture for acoustic signal capturing and orientation,Embedded Software and Systems 2005 Second International Conference,Dec.2005,Page(s):8-15.
[29] Ma Hai-hong,Design of FLASH interface and program for embedded system based on ARM, Wuhan University of Technol,China,Instrument Techniques and Sensor,2005,Page(s):39-42.
[30] Yeary M B,Fink R J,Beck D,etal. A DSP-Based Mixed-Signal Waveform Generator Instrumentation and Measurement,IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2004,Volume 53,Issue 3,Page(s):665-671.
[31] Samsung Electronics Co.Ltd,S3C2410 32-Bit Risc Microprocessor User's Manual 1.2,2003.
[32] Xilinx Co.Ltd,Spartan-3E FPGA Family Introduction and Ordering Information.
[33] Jean J.Labrosse,μCOS-Ⅱ源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统,.北京,中国电力出版社,2001.
[34] 王 刚,基于双 CPU 的数字存储示波器的设计与实现,东南大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[35] 赵存瑜. DSO 程控功能的实现及其研究,电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[36] 俞 露.基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统硬件设计,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[37] 李书鹏,基于 ARM 的仿生康复手嵌入式系统的硬件设计,哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[38] 王慧娇,董荣胜,蔡国勇等,嵌入式实时操作系统μCOS-Ⅱ在 ARM 处理器上的实现,计算机与现代化,2005,Page(s):120-123.
[39] 楚红雨,李磊民,黄玉清等,实时操作系统μCOS-Ⅱ在 ARM9 上移植的实现,计算机工程,2005,Vol.31, Page(s):226-228.
[40] 张 力,基于 ARM 和μCOS-Ⅱ的税控收款机的研制,西安交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[41] 苏 琪,基于 ARM 核微控制器最小系统的设计与实现,天津大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[42] 袁继敏,60MHz 数字存储示波器性能样机的研究与试制,电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[43] 詹 赞,基于虚拟仪器思想的数字存储示波器系统的研究与实现,武汉科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[44] 电子科技大学嵌入式软件中心,嵌入式实时多任务操作系统培训教材(第四版),1999.11.
[45] 郭献宏,数字示波器波形显示处理技术.测试技术与自动化,2004,第七期,Page(s):45-48.
[46] 杨光华,基于 ARM 核心的嵌入式系统硬件平台的研究,南开大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[47] 衣春波,基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统研究与实现,西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[48] 谭浩强,C 程序设计(第二版),北京,清华大学出版社,1999.12.
[49] 于志宏,C/C++嵌入式编程,北京,中国电力出版社,2001.3.
[50] 刘国林,殷贯西,电子测量,北京,机械工业出版社,2003.
[51] 宋悦孝,电子测量与仪器,北京,电子工业出版社,2003.
[52] 粱 驹,示波器的发展与合理选择,仪器评价,2006,第六期,Page(s):45-48.
[53] 杜春雷,ARM 体系结构与编程,北京,清华大学出版社,2003.
[54] 胥 静,嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1.
[55] 陈 赜,秦贵和,徐华中等,ARM9 嵌入式技术及 Linux 高级实践教程,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.6.
[2] Chen Xiaomin,Shi Wenjun,Sheng Wen,Application of multithreading in virtual digital storage oscilloscope development,Control、Automation、Robotics and Vision Conference,IEEE Sensors Journal,2004,Volume 1,Page(s):504 - 508.
[3] Guo Shize,Zhang Yiqun, Sun Shenghe,The dynamic calibration of digital storage oscilloscopes in noise environments , Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings,IEEE,2001,Vol 12,Page(s):520 - 522.
[4] Huey Ting Ang,CCDs in digital storage oscilloscopes,PT/Elektronica Elektrotechniek,v 45,n 4,April.1990,Page(s):38-39.
[5] Schamel A.,Modulation analysis-DSO displays PWM control circuit operation details,PCIM Power Electronic Systems,v 25,n 4,April.1999,Page(s):53-56.
[6] Strassberg, Dan,Real-time-sampling DSO ,EDN,Oct 14,2004,p18.
[7] Parish R,Oscilloscopes for power electronic circuits,Measurement Techniques for Power Electronics, IEE Colloquium ,Dec.1991,Page(s):211 - 216.
[8] Ma Hong-rui,μCOS-Ⅱ porting based on LH7A400 MPU of embedded system,Zhejiang University of Technol,Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology,v33,n3,June.2005,Page(s):253-256.
[9] Wang Tianmiao,Embedded CNC system with the μCOS-Ⅱ,Beijing Univ. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut China,Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,v 32,n 4,April.2006,Page(s):471-480.
[10] Zhang Yi-Lei,TFT-LCD driver of S3C2410 with ARM CPU core,Changchun Inst. of Opt,Fine Mech. & Phys. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays,v 20,n 1,Feb.2005, Page(s):61-66.
[11] Jin Wei,Chen Changling,Comparison of frequency measurement between time-domain and frequency-domain in DSO,Communications, Circuits and Systems Proceedings 2005 International Conference,Volume 2, May. 2005,Page(s):286 - 288 .
[12] Fager C,Andersson K,Improvement of Oscilloscope Based RF Measurements by Statistical Averaging Techniques , Microwave Symposium Digest , IEEE MTT-S InternationalJune.2006,Page(s):1460 - 1463.
[13] Kusayanagi N,Choi T,A 25 Msps 8-bit/10 Msps 10-bit CMOS data acquisition IC for digital storage oscilloscopes,Custom Integrated Circuits Conference,Proceedings of the IEEE,1997,May.1997, Page(s):301 - 304.
[14] Kok-Yong Lou,Cher-Hiang Goh,Design and real-time implementation of a control system for port AGV application,Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation ,2003 IEEE International Symposium on Volume 2,July.2003,Page(s):527 - 532 .
[15] Kreye H.D.,The eye of the DSO-supervision responsibility by optimization management,Elektrizitaetswirtschaft,v 104,n 24,Nov .2005,Page(s):44-48.
[16] Sun Li-jun,Lu Zhi-xiang,A detection and diagnostic system of rotor eccentricity in asynchronous motor with DSO,Electric Machines and Control,v 9,n 6, Nov.2005,Page(s):537-40.
[17] Witte R. ,Use your DSO to measure elusive waveform variations,EDN (European Edition),v 40,n 16,Aug.1995,Page(s):107-112.
[18] Wang Yong,Shi Wenkang,E-calibration technique of DSO based on Internet,Computer Measurement & Control,v 12,n 3,March.2004,Page(s):296-300.
[19] Allan,Roger,Signal-integrity tools measure up to DSO demands,Electronic Design,v 52,n 25,Nov.2004,Page(s):28.
[20] Cipriani P. ,Networking the modern DSO,EE Evaluation Engineering,v 38,n 7,July.1999,Page(s):28-36.
[21] Weller D. ,Relating wideband DSO rise time to bandwidth,EDN (US Edition),v 47,n 27, Dec.2002,Page(s):89-94.
[22] Rowe M.,Quantify noise with a DSO,Test & Measurement World,v 22,n 1,Jan.2002,Page(s):37-41.
[23] Rogina,Branka Medved ,Michieli Ivan,Metastability parameters evaluation by DSO data acquisition,IWSSIP 2005 Proceedings of 12th International Workshop on Systems,Signals and Image Processing,2005.Page(s):395-398.
[24] Miller, E.M.,Advanced DSO techniques in debugging embedded systems,Embedded Systems Programming,v 9,n 3,March.1996,Page(s):66-78.
[25] Lecklider,Tom,Innovative architecture distinguishes DSO,Evaluation Engineering,v 41,n 3,March.2002,Page(s):35-38.
[26] Su Kang ,High-performance display control system for DSO,Nanjing Hangkong HangtianDaxue Xuebao/Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,August.2006,Page(s):497-502.
[27] Wang Mi,Ma Yixin,Williams R A,et al. A high-performance EIT system,IEEE Sensors Journal,2005,Volume 5,Issue 2,Page(s):289-299.
[28] Zhu Li,Zhang Jingsen,Zeng Ming. An embedded system architecture for acoustic signal capturing and orientation,Embedded Software and Systems 2005 Second International Conference,Dec.2005,Page(s):8-15.
[29] Ma Hai-hong,Design of FLASH interface and program for embedded system based on ARM, Wuhan University of Technol,China,Instrument Techniques and Sensor,2005,Page(s):39-42.
[30] Yeary M B,Fink R J,Beck D,etal. A DSP-Based Mixed-Signal Waveform Generator Instrumentation and Measurement,IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2004,Volume 53,Issue 3,Page(s):665-671.
[31] Samsung Electronics Co.Ltd,S3C2410 32-Bit Risc Microprocessor User's Manual 1.2,2003.
[32] Xilinx Co.Ltd,Spartan-3E FPGA Family Introduction and Ordering Information.
[33] Jean J.Labrosse,μCOS-Ⅱ源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统,.北京,中国电力出版社,2001.
[34] 王 刚,基于双 CPU 的数字存储示波器的设计与实现,东南大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[35] 赵存瑜. DSO 程控功能的实现及其研究,电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[36] 俞 露.基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统硬件设计,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[37] 李书鹏,基于 ARM 的仿生康复手嵌入式系统的硬件设计,哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[38] 王慧娇,董荣胜,蔡国勇等,嵌入式实时操作系统μCOS-Ⅱ在 ARM 处理器上的实现,计算机与现代化,2005,Page(s):120-123.
[39] 楚红雨,李磊民,黄玉清等,实时操作系统μCOS-Ⅱ在 ARM9 上移植的实现,计算机工程,2005,Vol.31, Page(s):226-228.
[40] 张 力,基于 ARM 和μCOS-Ⅱ的税控收款机的研制,西安交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[41] 苏 琪,基于 ARM 核微控制器最小系统的设计与实现,天津大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[42] 袁继敏,60MHz 数字存储示波器性能样机的研究与试制,电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[43] 詹 赞,基于虚拟仪器思想的数字存储示波器系统的研究与实现,武汉科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[44] 电子科技大学嵌入式软件中心,嵌入式实时多任务操作系统培训教材(第四版),1999.11.
[45] 郭献宏,数字示波器波形显示处理技术.测试技术与自动化,2004,第七期,Page(s):45-48.
[46] 杨光华,基于 ARM 核心的嵌入式系统硬件平台的研究,南开大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[47] 衣春波,基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统研究与实现,西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[48] 谭浩强,C 程序设计(第二版),北京,清华大学出版社,1999.12.
[49] 于志宏,C/C++嵌入式编程,北京,中国电力出版社,2001.3.
[50] 刘国林,殷贯西,电子测量,北京,机械工业出版社,2003.
[51] 宋悦孝,电子测量与仪器,北京,电子工业出版社,2003.
[52] 粱 驹,示波器的发展与合理选择,仪器评价,2006,第六期,Page(s):45-48.
[53] 杜春雷,ARM 体系结构与编程,北京,清华大学出版社,2003.
[54] 胥 静,嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1.
[55] 陈 赜,秦贵和,徐华中等,ARM9 嵌入式技术及 Linux 高级实践教程,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.6.
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