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珠江口盆地白云凹陷珠海组浊积扇研究
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摘要
白云凹陷为南中国海北部陆架斜坡最大的生油凹陷,由于处于深水环境,且目前仅有一口探井。近年来,中新统珠江组深水扇已作广泛深入研究,而对渐新统珠海沉积相研究还非常少,尽管目前已发现三角洲,但未曾有人提及浊积扇。
     本文以珠江口盆地白云凹陷珠海组为研究对象,运用地震地层学、石油地质学等理论,以地震资料为基础,以邻区的测井资料为辅助,宏观与微观相结合的技术思路。浊积扇砂体是当前油气勘探中的主要的砂岩储层及重要的油气勘探目标。根据O.R.Berg的三角洲—浊积扇沉积体系地质模式及地震识别标志,通过对白云凹陷珠海组进行系统的地震相分析,首次发现了位于该凹陷南洼大型三角洲之下的浊积扇群。在代表三角洲平原与前缘地震亚相的平行反射层之下,广泛可见呈切线斜交和S型斜交的前三角洲地震亚相。而在前积层脚部(或之下),可见许多随三角洲前积而前积,相对于上覆三角洲前积层为低倾角的斜交反射层,以及洼陷中心地带的丘状反射、短轴状反射聚集体的,可以明确判断它们是一套典型的浊积扇沉积体。
     通过对该珠海组浊积扇群的发育分布特征以及该浊积扇群的砂体分布特征分析,明确指出该浊积扇是由三角洲主河道提供物源,并且该浊积扇群含砂较高、规模较大,由3种不同类型浊积扇(三角洲前缘楔状叠置的浊积扇、三角洲加积期发育于S型前积斜坡之上的丘状斜坡扇、通过坳陷底部的海底峡谷搬运,沉积于洼陷底部的盆底扇)叠置构成的复合扇群。
     通过油气成藏条件分析,认为由它构成的地层岩性圈闭、复合圈闭,其储层、油源沟通和保存条件俱佳,可作为是一个油气勘探目标。
Baiyun sag, where is deep water environment and only one exploration well was drilled presently, is the biggest hydrocarbon generation depression located in the continental slope of northern South China Sea. In recent years, the deep water fans in Zhujiang Formation of Miocene have been widely and deeply studied, but related researches on sedimentary facies of Zhuhai Formation of Oligocene is still quite few. Although deltas have been identified in this formation, nobody has ever mentioned the turbidite fan at present.
     This paper investigates the Zhuhai Formation, in Baiyun sag, Pearl River mouth basin, using theories such as seismic stratigraphy, petroleum geology, et al., based on seismic data, with the help of well drilling nearby, adopting the technique methods of macroexaminations combined with microexaminations. The turbidite now has being the main sandstone reservoir and one of the major exploration objectives during our current exploration activity. Here we show our recent finding of turbidite-fan complex in Zhuhai Formation, Southern sag of Baiyun depression, Pearl River mouth basin. The turbidites are detected for the first time from seismic profiles by applying Berg's geological model and seismic indicators about the prograded delta and turbidite depositional system through the analysis of seismic faces. Under the parallel reflection horizon representing the delta plain and delta front, prodelta seismic subfacies, presenting as tangential oblique and complex sigmoid-oblique seismic reflection pattern, are visible wildly. At the toe of (or under) the foreset beds, there are low-angle oblique reflections (comparing with overlying delta foreset beds), which prograde following the progradation of the delta. And there are the aggregates of some mound seismic reflections and brachy-diagonal seismic reflections, located in the center zone of south sub-sag. These reflections can be easily recognized as a typical turbidite-fan complex.
     Based on the study of distribution and evaluation for this turbidite-fan complex and the analysis of sand body distribution of this turbidite-fan complex, it is pointed out that the source was supplied by main stream channels developed within some deltas, and it is a huge one, rich in sandstone. Moreover the composite fans system may be composed of three kinds of turbidite fan (i. e., the turbidites associated with prograded delta, present as serial wedges; the mounded turbidite fan above the sigmoid slope associated with aggraded delta; the deposits may be derived from a channel、the basin turbidite, displayed as a mound, is the strike section of upper fan, the deposits may be derived main northern slope through a canyon) and developed by multicyclic deposition.
     The analysis of entrapment of hydrocarbon for this turbidite-fan complex shows that it appears to be one of the major exploration objectives of the future in this area because it is preferable in hydrocarbon preservation conditions.
引文
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