TSP隧道超前预报中典型地质异常体的射线追踪数值模拟研究
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摘要
近年来，随着隧道工程的发展，隧道在施工中面临的地质灾害问题，诸如涌水、塌方、岩爆等日益突出。这些问题的发生严重影响工程的进展，增加工程的造价，有的甚至导致整个工程的失败，为了避免或减少这类问题的发生，实现工程快速安全的施工，超前地质预报由此应运而生。在工程实施中，超前地质预报由于其预报准确可靠而越来越受到一些工程界人士的重视，并广泛应用于长、大、重点等隧道施工中。
超前地质预报由于其在工程工作中的前瞻性，吸引了许多人来研究，并取得了一些成果，但是大部分的研究成果主要集中于超前地质预报在工程中成功的应用，而对其中失败的情况及技术缺失的方面较少的涉及。对预报方法中的技术原理的基础性模拟研究更是非常的少。
论文首先介绍了一些隧道中常用的地质超前预报的方法及其优缺点。对TSP在岩溶地区应用效果较差的实际情况，本文采用数值模拟了射线反射的各种分布图。来对这一情况进行一些研究。
论文采用了石油勘探中较为成熟的地震波传播理论，介绍了各种界面情况下反射波的时距曲线的情况。用射线追踪的原理进行编写程序，基于TSP仪器采集布置，用互换原理，采用一炮多收的布置形式，对前方的地质界面进行研究，成功的模拟了地质界面以及射线在各种地质界面的反射分布情况。由于时间的紧迫，没有对能量损失情况进行研究，只是采用了一种变通的能量方式对射线反射情况进行研究，以接收器之间的一半距离为半径，以接收器为圆心，对在范围内接收的数据，以水平界面的情况为标准，进行了相除对比，在地震合成记录中进行相关的加乘，基本达到了预想的结果。
最后采用了由隧道局提供的圆梁山隧道的资料进行分析，对在隧道施工中没有很好的预报出的几种地质情况，以观测资料为依据，大致分析了其失败的原因。并利用程序模拟了相关的地质界面情况及其射线的反射情况。
In recent years, with the development of tunnel engineering, the question of geological disaster was prominent during the construction, such as water inflow, landslide, crag explodes and so on .These questions influence the progress of the project seriously, and increase the construction cost, some even cause the project to failure. In order to avoid or reduce these questions, and make the construction safe and fast, the geological forecast occur in the moment. In the project implementation, the geological forecast method was taken into account for its reliable in the field of the engineering, and widely used in the long and key tunnel construction.
The method of geological forecast attract many researchers for its forseeability and they published many articles, But most of the articles and the research are focus only the succeeded application by the method, and the defeat situation and technical flaw are involved rarely. And it is very few to simulate the foundation of the principle of this method.
In my paper I introduces some common tunnel geology forecast methods and their good and bad aspects. Because of the TSP method is not very effect in the Karst area, my paper used the infinite element method to simulate all kinds of distribution diagram of ray reflection. And make an intensive study of it.
In my paper I use the principle of seismic wave propagation theory which is perfect in the field of the petroleum exploration, and introduce all kind of time-distance curve to the reflect wave in the interface. Write programs based on the principle of shooting the line tracks. based on the TSP instrument gathering arrangement, and use reciprocity principle and the arrangement form which is a source and many receives, and research the situation of the front geological surface, it is successful to simulate the geology surface and the tracks in each geological surface reflection . for the time urgency, it is a pity that I may not used the energy ways to research, and only used the energy method which is an accommodating method to research the tracks reflection , assume the closer receiver half distance as a radius, take the receiver as a center of a circle, Take the circumstance of level interface as standard to the data which receives in the scope, carried on mutually in addition to contrasting, Be in the earthquake synthesize the record carry on adding to multiply by relatedly, and achieved the expectation result.
Finally I analyzed the data of Mountain YuanLiang tunnel which provided by the China Railway Tunnel Bureau Group. To several geology situations which didn't be forecasted very well during tunnel construction, the defeat reason has approximately analyzed by observed data. Finally I use my program simulated the related geological surface and its tracks reflection.
超前地质预报由于其在工程工作中的前瞻性，吸引了许多人来研究，并取得了一些成果，但是大部分的研究成果主要集中于超前地质预报在工程中成功的应用，而对其中失败的情况及技术缺失的方面较少的涉及。对预报方法中的技术原理的基础性模拟研究更是非常的少。
论文首先介绍了一些隧道中常用的地质超前预报的方法及其优缺点。对TSP在岩溶地区应用效果较差的实际情况，本文采用数值模拟了射线反射的各种分布图。来对这一情况进行一些研究。
论文采用了石油勘探中较为成熟的地震波传播理论，介绍了各种界面情况下反射波的时距曲线的情况。用射线追踪的原理进行编写程序，基于TSP仪器采集布置，用互换原理，采用一炮多收的布置形式，对前方的地质界面进行研究，成功的模拟了地质界面以及射线在各种地质界面的反射分布情况。由于时间的紧迫，没有对能量损失情况进行研究，只是采用了一种变通的能量方式对射线反射情况进行研究，以接收器之间的一半距离为半径，以接收器为圆心，对在范围内接收的数据，以水平界面的情况为标准，进行了相除对比，在地震合成记录中进行相关的加乘，基本达到了预想的结果。
最后采用了由隧道局提供的圆梁山隧道的资料进行分析，对在隧道施工中没有很好的预报出的几种地质情况，以观测资料为依据，大致分析了其失败的原因。并利用程序模拟了相关的地质界面情况及其射线的反射情况。
In recent years, with the development of tunnel engineering, the question of geological disaster was prominent during the construction, such as water inflow, landslide, crag explodes and so on .These questions influence the progress of the project seriously, and increase the construction cost, some even cause the project to failure. In order to avoid or reduce these questions, and make the construction safe and fast, the geological forecast occur in the moment. In the project implementation, the geological forecast method was taken into account for its reliable in the field of the engineering, and widely used in the long and key tunnel construction.
The method of geological forecast attract many researchers for its forseeability and they published many articles, But most of the articles and the research are focus only the succeeded application by the method, and the defeat situation and technical flaw are involved rarely. And it is very few to simulate the foundation of the principle of this method.
In my paper I introduces some common tunnel geology forecast methods and their good and bad aspects. Because of the TSP method is not very effect in the Karst area, my paper used the infinite element method to simulate all kinds of distribution diagram of ray reflection. And make an intensive study of it.
In my paper I use the principle of seismic wave propagation theory which is perfect in the field of the petroleum exploration, and introduce all kind of time-distance curve to the reflect wave in the interface. Write programs based on the principle of shooting the line tracks. based on the TSP instrument gathering arrangement, and use reciprocity principle and the arrangement form which is a source and many receives, and research the situation of the front geological surface, it is successful to simulate the geology surface and the tracks in each geological surface reflection . for the time urgency, it is a pity that I may not used the energy ways to research, and only used the energy method which is an accommodating method to research the tracks reflection , assume the closer receiver half distance as a radius, take the receiver as a center of a circle, Take the circumstance of level interface as standard to the data which receives in the scope, carried on mutually in addition to contrasting, Be in the earthquake synthesize the record carry on adding to multiply by relatedly, and achieved the expectation result.
Finally I analyzed the data of Mountain YuanLiang tunnel which provided by the China Railway Tunnel Bureau Group. To several geology situations which didn't be forecasted very well during tunnel construction, the defeat reason has approximately analyzed by observed data. Finally I use my program simulated the related geological surface and its tracks reflection.
引文
[1] 姚姚 地震波场与地震勘探 北京地质出版社 2006
[2] 朱介寿等 地震学中的计算方法 北京地质出版社 1988
[3] 何樵登 熊维纲 应用地球物理教程．地震勘探 北京地质出版社 1991
[4] 何樵登 地震勘探原理和方法 北京地质出版社 1986
[5] 钱绍瑚 地震勘探 中国地质大学出版社 1989
[6] 周绪文 反射波地震勘探方法 石油工业出版社 1989
[7] 石油工业部物探局研究院情报室编 反射波地震勘探技术石油工业出版社 1982
[8] 普茨列夫 反射波法地震勘探资料解释 中国工业出版社 1963
[9] 何樵登 地震波理论 北京地质出版社 1988
[10] 长春地质学院等合编 地震勘探．原理和方法 北京地质出版社 1980
[11] 冯德益地震波理论与应用 北京地震出版社 1988
[12] 海特曼 F 等地质学家应用地球物理学北京石油工业出版社 1984
[13] 李正文 赵志超 地震勘探资料解释 北京地质出版社 1988
[14] 陆基孟 地震勘探原理 北京石油工业出版社 1982
[15] Nur A M双相介质中波的传播 北京石油工业出版社 1986
[16] 沃斯特KH反射地震学：能源勘探的工具 北京石油工业出版社 1983
[17] 姚姚 詹正彬 钱绍湖 地震勘探新技术与新方法 武汉中国地质大学龄前出版社 1991
[18] 詹正彬 姚姚 多波及横波地震勘探北京地质出版社 1994
[19] 朱广生 陈传仁 桂志先 勘探地震学教程武汉大学出版社 2005
[20] 甘布尔采夫等著 对比折射法北京地质出版社 1955
[21] 杨绪灿 金建三 弹性力学北京高等教育出版社 1987
[22] 杨桂通 弹性力学北京高等教育出版社 1998
[23] 陈仲候 王兴泰 杜世汉 工程与环境物探教程北京地质出版社 1993
[24] White J E UNDERGROUND SOUND Application of Seismic Waves 1983
[25] Claerbout J F Fundamentals of Geophysical Data Processing.Blaekwell Scientific Publications Inc. 1976
[26] Claerbout J F Imaging the Earth's Interior Blaekwell Scientific Publications Inc. 1985
[27] Sheriff R E and Geldart L P. Exploration Seismology. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press 1995
[28] Yilmaz O. Seismic Data Analysis. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. 2001
[2] 朱介寿等 地震学中的计算方法 北京地质出版社 1988
[3] 何樵登 熊维纲 应用地球物理教程．地震勘探 北京地质出版社 1991
[4] 何樵登 地震勘探原理和方法 北京地质出版社 1986
[5] 钱绍瑚 地震勘探 中国地质大学出版社 1989
[6] 周绪文 反射波地震勘探方法 石油工业出版社 1989
[7] 石油工业部物探局研究院情报室编 反射波地震勘探技术石油工业出版社 1982
[8] 普茨列夫 反射波法地震勘探资料解释 中国工业出版社 1963
[9] 何樵登 地震波理论 北京地质出版社 1988
[10] 长春地质学院等合编 地震勘探．原理和方法 北京地质出版社 1980
[11] 冯德益地震波理论与应用 北京地震出版社 1988
[12] 海特曼 F 等地质学家应用地球物理学北京石油工业出版社 1984
[13] 李正文 赵志超 地震勘探资料解释 北京地质出版社 1988
[14] 陆基孟 地震勘探原理 北京石油工业出版社 1982
[15] Nur A M双相介质中波的传播 北京石油工业出版社 1986
[16] 沃斯特KH反射地震学：能源勘探的工具 北京石油工业出版社 1983
[17] 姚姚 詹正彬 钱绍湖 地震勘探新技术与新方法 武汉中国地质大学龄前出版社 1991
[18] 詹正彬 姚姚 多波及横波地震勘探北京地质出版社 1994
[19] 朱广生 陈传仁 桂志先 勘探地震学教程武汉大学出版社 2005
[20] 甘布尔采夫等著 对比折射法北京地质出版社 1955
[21] 杨绪灿 金建三 弹性力学北京高等教育出版社 1987
[22] 杨桂通 弹性力学北京高等教育出版社 1998
[23] 陈仲候 王兴泰 杜世汉 工程与环境物探教程北京地质出版社 1993
[24] White J E UNDERGROUND SOUND Application of Seismic Waves 1983
[25] Claerbout J F Fundamentals of Geophysical Data Processing.Blaekwell Scientific Publications Inc. 1976
[26] Claerbout J F Imaging the Earth's Interior Blaekwell Scientific Publications Inc. 1985
[27] Sheriff R E and Geldart L P. Exploration Seismology. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press 1995
[28] Yilmaz O. Seismic Data Analysis. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press. 2001
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