新疆西南天山高寒荒漠景观区地球化学测量方法研究
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摘要
高寒荒漠是我国西北地区特有的地貌景观类型，主要分布在新疆、甘肃、青海和内蒙古地区，分布面积达60多万平方公里，约占我国国土面积的1／15。这类景观地区气候干燥，季风强烈，以物理风化为主，具有稳定地块的地貌特征，是未来我国铜、金、银、铅、锌等重要矿产资源基地
本文以西南天山戈壁荒漠地区为代表，开展了系统的技术方法研究，选择位于本区已知矿区附近进行不同方法的地球化学方法测量试验研究，分析区内不同介质中各粒级中主要成矿元素及伴生元素Au、As、Ag等元素含量变化和分布特征，提出了在该区开展地球化学找矿方法测量的最佳采样深度、采样介质、采样粒级和较适宜的采样密度。
针对戈壁荒漠区气候干燥，蒸发量大于降雨量，植被、水系不发育，风成沙干扰等特点，总结试验方法，认为采集水系沉积物时，样品采样深度一般为0—20cm近地表附近的物质为最佳；在不同比例尺面积测量中，本次工作采用不同介质的技术方法手段分别作了测量试验：认为1:20万面积测量，样品采集介质应为水系沉积物为最佳；1:5万和1:1万面积测量，样品采集介质应为岩石碎屑为最佳。
本次工作各种试验方法均取得了较满意的地质效果。并通过已知矿区的对比试验验证，证明该方法对于该类景观区中出露矿和浅掩埋矿体是有效的。
High-cold hungriness landscape is the special landscape of physiognomy, which were mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Neimenggu province. The proportion of this landscape exceeds 60 square kilometers and comes up to the 1/15 of the propotion of our soil. The climate of this area is dry, the monsoon is strong ,and the physical weathering is primary. The characteristic is similar to the geomorphy of stable block, and this area is becaming to the main producing area of mineral resources in the future, such as gold、silver、copper leadx zinc etc.
This paper chooses the high-cold hungriness landscape as a subject investigated, and outspread the geochemistry prospecting method and techniques by the numbers. Our experiment plot lies in southwestern of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang area. A suite of geochemical survey methods including sampling distribution, sampling density, sampling grade, which are appropriate for geochemical survey in Gobi & hungriness, have been proposed through kinds of method testing in cross section and surface area in western of Tianshan Mountain area.
According to the characteristics of this area, where the climate is dry, the evaporating capacity exceeds rainfall, the nondevelopment of the plant cover and the river system, and the more Aeolian sand, this test work was mainly aimed to generalize a suite of geochemical survey methods, and the test results indicats that the samples which were lie in ground surface (about 0～20 centimeter) is better while collecting sedimentary of river system. Meanwhile, the measure of several comparing rule have been proceeded to confirm sample medium. The results indicats that the detritus could clearly circle mineralizing anomalies with complete element association.
In a word, we obtained good geological result of this paper with all sorts of methods we adopted to conduct the experiment. Through contrasting to the known orebody, the testing method is effective to disclose the unknown orebody of the area in high-cold hungriness landscape.
本文以西南天山戈壁荒漠地区为代表，开展了系统的技术方法研究，选择位于本区已知矿区附近进行不同方法的地球化学方法测量试验研究，分析区内不同介质中各粒级中主要成矿元素及伴生元素Au、As、Ag等元素含量变化和分布特征，提出了在该区开展地球化学找矿方法测量的最佳采样深度、采样介质、采样粒级和较适宜的采样密度。
针对戈壁荒漠区气候干燥，蒸发量大于降雨量，植被、水系不发育，风成沙干扰等特点，总结试验方法，认为采集水系沉积物时，样品采样深度一般为0—20cm近地表附近的物质为最佳；在不同比例尺面积测量中，本次工作采用不同介质的技术方法手段分别作了测量试验：认为1:20万面积测量，样品采集介质应为水系沉积物为最佳；1:5万和1:1万面积测量，样品采集介质应为岩石碎屑为最佳。
本次工作各种试验方法均取得了较满意的地质效果。并通过已知矿区的对比试验验证，证明该方法对于该类景观区中出露矿和浅掩埋矿体是有效的。
High-cold hungriness landscape is the special landscape of physiognomy, which were mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Neimenggu province. The proportion of this landscape exceeds 60 square kilometers and comes up to the 1/15 of the propotion of our soil. The climate of this area is dry, the monsoon is strong ,and the physical weathering is primary. The characteristic is similar to the geomorphy of stable block, and this area is becaming to the main producing area of mineral resources in the future, such as gold、silver、copper leadx zinc etc.
This paper chooses the high-cold hungriness landscape as a subject investigated, and outspread the geochemistry prospecting method and techniques by the numbers. Our experiment plot lies in southwestern of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang area. A suite of geochemical survey methods including sampling distribution, sampling density, sampling grade, which are appropriate for geochemical survey in Gobi & hungriness, have been proposed through kinds of method testing in cross section and surface area in western of Tianshan Mountain area.
According to the characteristics of this area, where the climate is dry, the evaporating capacity exceeds rainfall, the nondevelopment of the plant cover and the river system, and the more Aeolian sand, this test work was mainly aimed to generalize a suite of geochemical survey methods, and the test results indicats that the samples which were lie in ground surface (about 0～20 centimeter) is better while collecting sedimentary of river system. Meanwhile, the measure of several comparing rule have been proceeded to confirm sample medium. The results indicats that the detritus could clearly circle mineralizing anomalies with complete element association.
In a word, we obtained good geological result of this paper with all sorts of methods we adopted to conduct the experiment. Through contrasting to the known orebody, the testing method is effective to disclose the unknown orebody of the area in high-cold hungriness landscape.
引文
[1] 杨俊平、邹立业．中国荒漠化状况与防治对策研究[J]．干旱区资源与环境 2000．14(3)：15～23．
[2] 康明、岑况等．北山戈壁荒漠景观1∶5万地球化学测量方法研究[J]．地质与勘探 2004．40(3)：64～68
[3] 张富铁、汪礼明、李蘅等．区域化探异产评价方法研究进展(Ⅱ)[J]．矿产与地质 2004．8：339～342
[4] 田长彦、宋郁东、胡明芳．新疆荒漠化现状、成因及对策[J]．中国沙漠 1999．19(3)：214～218
[5] 陈国阶．论我国西部地区资源开发导向战略[J]国土经济 1997．1：12～15
[6] 刘崇民、李应贵、史长义．不同景观的岩石地球化学勘查方法研究[J]．物探与化探 2002．2：23～26
[9] 叶荣、王学求、赵伦山等．戈壁覆盖区金窝子矿带深穿透地球化学方法研究[J]．地质与勘探 2004．11：65～70
[10] Levinson,A.A. Introduction to exploration geochemistry (second edition).627-681,1980
[11] Overst eet,W.C, et al. Some concepts and techniques in geochemical exploration. Economic Geology 75-th Anniversary Volume, 1981
[12] 汪明启．国际勘查地球化学现状和发展趋势[J]．地球科学进展 2005．20(4)：477～478
[13] 禹斌、李惠、张国义等．不同景观的化探方法及实例[j]地质找矿论丛 2005．8：182～186
[14] 西部矿产开发中的应用地球化学学术讨论会(纪要)[J]矿物岩石地球化学通报 2002．1
[15] 王学求．矿产勘查地球化学：过去的成就与未来的挑战[J]．地学前缘 2003．10(1)：238～248
[16] 任天祥、张华、杨少平．内蒙古中西部荒漠区区域化探扫面方法技术研究[J]．地质矿产部地球物理化学勘探研究所所刊 1990．4：99～153
[17] 赵娟、孙泽坤、李明喜．青海景观区特征和地球化学勘查与方法技术[J]．物探与化探 2004．28(3)：239～241
[18] 白云来．新疆东部干旱荒漠景观区水系沉积物测量的采样粒级[J]．新疆地质科技 1996．6：25～31
[19] 蒋敬业、朱有光、赵伦山等．西天山高寒草甸区寻找隐伏矿化探方法研究[J]．物探与化探 2004．6：189～192
[20] 周斌、刘广武、郑天佑．东天山戈壁荒漠景观区地球化学勘查中某些工作方法的研究[J]矿产与地质 2005．12：643～646
[21] 邓振球．新疆区域化探找金矿的基本特征[J]．西北地质1992(增刊)：6～11
[22] 邓振球、刘拓、庄道泽等．新疆勘查地球化学的回顾与展望[J]．新疆地质 2001．19(3)：161～165
[23] 熊光楚、谢顺德、张文斌等．新疆金属矿产快速勘查方法技术系统北京．地质出版社 1997．3～13
[24] 新疆地矿局第八地质大队新疆乌什—拜城一带1∶20万地球化学水系沉积物测量地球化学说明书及图件．
[25] 张年生．戈壁荒漠区金异常检查评价中存在的问题[J]．地质找矿论丛 2003．12(增刊)：224～227
[2] 康明、岑况等．北山戈壁荒漠景观1∶5万地球化学测量方法研究[J]．地质与勘探 2004．40(3)：64～68
[3] 张富铁、汪礼明、李蘅等．区域化探异产评价方法研究进展(Ⅱ)[J]．矿产与地质 2004．8：339～342
[4] 田长彦、宋郁东、胡明芳．新疆荒漠化现状、成因及对策[J]．中国沙漠 1999．19(3)：214～218
[5] 陈国阶．论我国西部地区资源开发导向战略[J]国土经济 1997．1：12～15
[6] 刘崇民、李应贵、史长义．不同景观的岩石地球化学勘查方法研究[J]．物探与化探 2002．2：23～26
[9] 叶荣、王学求、赵伦山等．戈壁覆盖区金窝子矿带深穿透地球化学方法研究[J]．地质与勘探 2004．11：65～70
[10] Levinson,A.A. Introduction to exploration geochemistry (second edition).627-681,1980
[11] Overst eet,W.C, et al. Some concepts and techniques in geochemical exploration. Economic Geology 75-th Anniversary Volume, 1981
[12] 汪明启．国际勘查地球化学现状和发展趋势[J]．地球科学进展 2005．20(4)：477～478
[13] 禹斌、李惠、张国义等．不同景观的化探方法及实例[j]地质找矿论丛 2005．8：182～186
[14] 西部矿产开发中的应用地球化学学术讨论会(纪要)[J]矿物岩石地球化学通报 2002．1
[15] 王学求．矿产勘查地球化学：过去的成就与未来的挑战[J]．地学前缘 2003．10(1)：238～248
[16] 任天祥、张华、杨少平．内蒙古中西部荒漠区区域化探扫面方法技术研究[J]．地质矿产部地球物理化学勘探研究所所刊 1990．4：99～153
[17] 赵娟、孙泽坤、李明喜．青海景观区特征和地球化学勘查与方法技术[J]．物探与化探 2004．28(3)：239～241
[18] 白云来．新疆东部干旱荒漠景观区水系沉积物测量的采样粒级[J]．新疆地质科技 1996．6：25～31
[19] 蒋敬业、朱有光、赵伦山等．西天山高寒草甸区寻找隐伏矿化探方法研究[J]．物探与化探 2004．6：189～192
[20] 周斌、刘广武、郑天佑．东天山戈壁荒漠景观区地球化学勘查中某些工作方法的研究[J]矿产与地质 2005．12：643～646
[21] 邓振球．新疆区域化探找金矿的基本特征[J]．西北地质1992(增刊)：6～11
[22] 邓振球、刘拓、庄道泽等．新疆勘查地球化学的回顾与展望[J]．新疆地质 2001．19(3)：161～165
[23] 熊光楚、谢顺德、张文斌等．新疆金属矿产快速勘查方法技术系统北京．地质出版社 1997．3～13
[24] 新疆地矿局第八地质大队新疆乌什—拜城一带1∶20万地球化学水系沉积物测量地球化学说明书及图件．
[25] 张年生．戈壁荒漠区金异常检查评价中存在的问题[J]．地质找矿论丛 2003．12(增刊)：224～227
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