河南省桐柏县主要金银多金属矿床的成矿物质来源研究
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摘要
河南省桐柏县位于秦岭—大别碰撞造山带的中东段,南阳盆地以东,是我国重要的金银等金属矿床密集区。本文总结了桐柏县的区域地质背景、桐柏县破山银矿床、银洞坡金矿床、刘山岩铜锌矿床和老湾金矿床的矿床地质特征,收集了研究区大量的前人研究数据,并对研究区进行了系统的样品采集和样品分析测试,系统研究分析了研究区区域、地层、岩体和矿体的硫、铅同位素特征,由此推测研究区主要金属矿床的成矿物质来源。
破山银矿床和银洞坡金矿床位于研究区北部的围山城金银成矿带,均受地层和构造的双重控制,其中破山银矿床产于河前庄背斜西南翼的单斜地层中,矿体赋存在上元古界歪头山岩组上部第二岩性段的炭质绢云石英片岩中,银洞坡金矿床产于河前庄背斜的轴部及顺层剪切带,矿体赋存在上元古界歪头山岩组中部第三岩性段的炭质绢云石英片岩中,这两个矿床的矿体硫同位素δ~(34)S(‰)变化范围为1.0～6.8,具明显的塔式效应,为深源硫,矿体的铅同位素组成与围岩的铅同位素组成相似,且具有浅变质岩相对富钍的特征,可推断矿石铅来源于围岩歪头山岩组。刘山岩铜锌矿床矿区处于河前庄背斜与鳌子岭倒转向斜之间的挤压破碎带上,赋矿地层为刘山岩岩组细碧角斑岩、变质凝灰岩和角砾岩,矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S平均值为3.87‰,变化范围为-1.40‰～13.3‰,具典型的塔式分布,表明矿石硫有较稳定的组成,2个重晶石样品的δ~(34)S值与天然物质中海水的硫同位素组成相似,矿体的铅同位素组成比较均一,在Zartman铅构造模式图上源于地幔,由此可判断其成矿物质来源于围岩刘山岩岩组和海水;老湾金矿床位于松扒断裂与老湾断裂之间的NW向老湾韧性剪切带中,赋矿地层为中元古界龟山岩组斜长角闪片岩、石英片岩和变粒岩,矿体与围岩和岩体的硫同位素组成一致,具有良好的塔式效应,δ34S值集中在3‰～5‰,说明硫源自龟山岩组火山岩系,矿石铅同位素组成属于壳幔混合型铅,在Zartman铅构造模式图上矿石铅位于围岩龟山岩组和老湾岩体之间,暗示围岩和岩体共同为矿体提供了铅源。
Located in the central part of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the east of the Nanyang basin, Tongbai county in Henan province is one of major gold-silver-metallogenic provinces in China. The regional geologic background and mineral deposit geology of the Poshan silver deposit, Yindongpo gold deposit , Liushanyan copper-zinc deposit and Laowan gold deposit were concluded in this thesis. Meanwhile, the sulphur and lead isotopic data, both from the former analysis and this study, of the strata, intrusives and ore bodies in the study area were systematically analyzed and discussed in order to identify the sources of the ore-forming materials.
Situated at the northern part of the Weishancheng gold-silver metallogenic belt in the study area ,the Posan silver deposit and Yindongpo gold deposit are both controlled by the strata and structures. The ore bodies in Posan silver deposit occur in the monoclinal strata which constitute the southwest wing of the Heqianzhuang anticline, and the host rocks are composed of carboniferrous sericite-quartz schist of the second segment of the upper part of the NeoproterozoicWaitoushan Formation. The ore bodies of the Yindongpo gold deposit occur in the axis of the Heqianzhuang anticline and the bedding-plane shear belt, and the host rocks consist of carboniferrous sericite-quartz schist of the third segment of the middle of the Neoproterozoic Waitoushan Formation.Theδ~(34)S(‰) values in these two deposits range from 1.0 to 6.8, and are characterized by the tower effect. It indicates that the sulphur was derived from the deep earth. Meanwhile, the lead isotope composition of the ore in these two deposits is similar to their host rocks, which is typical of epimetamorphic rocks relatively rich in Th. Therefore, it is suggested that the sources of ore-forming materials were mainly derived from the wall rocks of the Neoproterozoic Waitoushan Formation.
The Liushanyan copper-zinc deposit lies in the compresso-crushed zone between the Heqianzhuang anticline and the Aoziling inverted syncline. Its country rocks are composed of spillite-keratophyre, metamorphic tuff and breccia of the LiushanyanFormation. Theδ~(34)S values of the sulfides from the Liushanyan deposit range from -1.40‰to 13.3‰, with the average of 3.87‰. whileδ~(34)S values of two barite samples are similar with that of seawater. The homogeneous lead isotope composition are plotted along the mantle evolution line. It indicates that the sources of ore-forming materials are from the country rocks of the Liushanyan Formation and seawater.
The ore bodies of the Laowan gold dopisit occur in the NW-trending Laowan ductile shear zone between the Songba fault and the Laowan fault. Their host rocks consit of plagioclase-amphibole schist, quartz schist and granulite of the Mesoproterozoic Guishan Formation. The sulphur isotope composition of the ore and host rocks is similar, which mainly varies from 3‰to 5‰. So the sulphur of the ore may be derived from the host rocks of the Mesoproterozoic Guishan Formation. In the lead-tectono model, the dots of the ores are located between those of host rocks the Laowan granite,which implies that the sources of ore-forming materials are both from strata and granite.
破山银矿床和银洞坡金矿床位于研究区北部的围山城金银成矿带,均受地层和构造的双重控制,其中破山银矿床产于河前庄背斜西南翼的单斜地层中,矿体赋存在上元古界歪头山岩组上部第二岩性段的炭质绢云石英片岩中,银洞坡金矿床产于河前庄背斜的轴部及顺层剪切带,矿体赋存在上元古界歪头山岩组中部第三岩性段的炭质绢云石英片岩中,这两个矿床的矿体硫同位素δ~(34)S(‰)变化范围为1.0～6.8,具明显的塔式效应,为深源硫,矿体的铅同位素组成与围岩的铅同位素组成相似,且具有浅变质岩相对富钍的特征,可推断矿石铅来源于围岩歪头山岩组。刘山岩铜锌矿床矿区处于河前庄背斜与鳌子岭倒转向斜之间的挤压破碎带上,赋矿地层为刘山岩岩组细碧角斑岩、变质凝灰岩和角砾岩,矿石硫化物的δ~(34)S平均值为3.87‰,变化范围为-1.40‰～13.3‰,具典型的塔式分布,表明矿石硫有较稳定的组成,2个重晶石样品的δ~(34)S值与天然物质中海水的硫同位素组成相似,矿体的铅同位素组成比较均一,在Zartman铅构造模式图上源于地幔,由此可判断其成矿物质来源于围岩刘山岩岩组和海水;老湾金矿床位于松扒断裂与老湾断裂之间的NW向老湾韧性剪切带中,赋矿地层为中元古界龟山岩组斜长角闪片岩、石英片岩和变粒岩,矿体与围岩和岩体的硫同位素组成一致,具有良好的塔式效应,δ34S值集中在3‰～5‰,说明硫源自龟山岩组火山岩系,矿石铅同位素组成属于壳幔混合型铅,在Zartman铅构造模式图上矿石铅位于围岩龟山岩组和老湾岩体之间,暗示围岩和岩体共同为矿体提供了铅源。
Located in the central part of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the east of the Nanyang basin, Tongbai county in Henan province is one of major gold-silver-metallogenic provinces in China. The regional geologic background and mineral deposit geology of the Poshan silver deposit, Yindongpo gold deposit , Liushanyan copper-zinc deposit and Laowan gold deposit were concluded in this thesis. Meanwhile, the sulphur and lead isotopic data, both from the former analysis and this study, of the strata, intrusives and ore bodies in the study area were systematically analyzed and discussed in order to identify the sources of the ore-forming materials.
Situated at the northern part of the Weishancheng gold-silver metallogenic belt in the study area ,the Posan silver deposit and Yindongpo gold deposit are both controlled by the strata and structures. The ore bodies in Posan silver deposit occur in the monoclinal strata which constitute the southwest wing of the Heqianzhuang anticline, and the host rocks are composed of carboniferrous sericite-quartz schist of the second segment of the upper part of the NeoproterozoicWaitoushan Formation. The ore bodies of the Yindongpo gold deposit occur in the axis of the Heqianzhuang anticline and the bedding-plane shear belt, and the host rocks consist of carboniferrous sericite-quartz schist of the third segment of the middle of the Neoproterozoic Waitoushan Formation.Theδ~(34)S(‰) values in these two deposits range from 1.0 to 6.8, and are characterized by the tower effect. It indicates that the sulphur was derived from the deep earth. Meanwhile, the lead isotope composition of the ore in these two deposits is similar to their host rocks, which is typical of epimetamorphic rocks relatively rich in Th. Therefore, it is suggested that the sources of ore-forming materials were mainly derived from the wall rocks of the Neoproterozoic Waitoushan Formation.
The Liushanyan copper-zinc deposit lies in the compresso-crushed zone between the Heqianzhuang anticline and the Aoziling inverted syncline. Its country rocks are composed of spillite-keratophyre, metamorphic tuff and breccia of the LiushanyanFormation. Theδ~(34)S values of the sulfides from the Liushanyan deposit range from -1.40‰to 13.3‰, with the average of 3.87‰. whileδ~(34)S values of two barite samples are similar with that of seawater. The homogeneous lead isotope composition are plotted along the mantle evolution line. It indicates that the sources of ore-forming materials are from the country rocks of the Liushanyan Formation and seawater.
The ore bodies of the Laowan gold dopisit occur in the NW-trending Laowan ductile shear zone between the Songba fault and the Laowan fault. Their host rocks consit of plagioclase-amphibole schist, quartz schist and granulite of the Mesoproterozoic Guishan Formation. The sulphur isotope composition of the ore and host rocks is similar, which mainly varies from 3‰to 5‰. So the sulphur of the ore may be derived from the host rocks of the Mesoproterozoic Guishan Formation. In the lead-tectono model, the dots of the ores are located between those of host rocks the Laowan granite,which implies that the sources of ore-forming materials are both from strata and granite.
引文
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