机载下视雷达地杂波研究与模拟
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摘要
杂波研究经过几十年的发展,仍然是雷达技术的热点。机载PD雷达地杂波强度大、杂波谱分布广,特别在下视状态下在所有的距离上都成为目标检测的背景,因此,机载PD雷达地杂波的研究和计算已经成为机载雷达最基本和最关键的研究课题之一。
本文从机载下视雷达地杂波散射机理出发,结合机载下视雷达地杂波的特殊性,首先概括了机载下视雷达常用的杂波信号的特性即空间相关性和时间相关性,讨论了几种常用的相关杂波的模拟方法,做出了有效的模拟结果。网格划分法是机载雷达地杂波分析和计算时常用的分析方法,本文通过对机载雷达地杂波的几种网格划分方法的分析发现,杂波网格单元大小不一、形状各异,有可能超过了雷达的分辨率,因此,本文提出了地面杂波具有扩展目标的性质的观点。而角闪烁是扩展目标最重要的性质,于是本文对由扩展目标的角闪烁性质引起的杂波幅度起伏和相位分布进行了数字仿真;为了提高仿真精度,本文提出了模拟具有特定频谱特性的扩展目标算法,并对叠加频谱特性前后的序列进行了分析比较。基于前面对地面杂波特性的讨论和对机载下视雷达地面后向散射系数模型的研究,在充分考虑地面杂波起伏特性的情况下,本文提出了一种基于RCS起伏模型的机载下视雷达地杂波功率谱算法,并在Matlab平台上仿真实现,仿真结果与理论分析正好吻合,提高了杂波模拟的逼真度。
Radar clutter is still a hot topic after decades of study. Pulse-Doppler radar clutter is quite strong with widely distributed power spectrum. Especially when the radar is in the“look down mode”, it is the background of target detection in all range gates. So calculation and study of airborne radar clutter has become a basic and critical problem in the field of clutter research.
After analyzing the surface clutter scattering mechanism of airborne radar, combining with the clutter characteristic of airborne radar in a look down mode, the characteristics of clutter signal including special correlation and time correlation, is summarized in the beginning. Then discussions are presented on several common algorthms for clutter simulation and simulation results are shown after that. Grid partition method is a common used method in analyzing and calculating ground clutter. In this paper, several ways of grid partition are summarized. Considering that some cells might exceed radar resolution because of their non-uniform sizes and various shapes, an idea that ground clutter of airborne radar can be treated as extended target is proposed. Because angular glint is the main characteristic of the extended target, so in this paper, amplitude fluctuation of ground clutter caused by this characteristic is simulated. In order to improve accuracy of the simulation, corresponding algorithm with special frequency-domain characteristic is proposed, and further simulation is made for comparison. Based on former discussions over characteristics of ground clutter and study on backscattering coefficient of airborne radar ground clutter, an algorithm, which is used to calculate power spectrum of ground clutter of airborne radar based on fluctuated RCS, is proposed. In this paper, all simulations are carried on Matlab platform and results accord well with theoretical analysis. So effectiveness of the algorithms is identified and simulation fidelity improved.
本文从机载下视雷达地杂波散射机理出发,结合机载下视雷达地杂波的特殊性,首先概括了机载下视雷达常用的杂波信号的特性即空间相关性和时间相关性,讨论了几种常用的相关杂波的模拟方法,做出了有效的模拟结果。网格划分法是机载雷达地杂波分析和计算时常用的分析方法,本文通过对机载雷达地杂波的几种网格划分方法的分析发现,杂波网格单元大小不一、形状各异,有可能超过了雷达的分辨率,因此,本文提出了地面杂波具有扩展目标的性质的观点。而角闪烁是扩展目标最重要的性质,于是本文对由扩展目标的角闪烁性质引起的杂波幅度起伏和相位分布进行了数字仿真;为了提高仿真精度,本文提出了模拟具有特定频谱特性的扩展目标算法,并对叠加频谱特性前后的序列进行了分析比较。基于前面对地面杂波特性的讨论和对机载下视雷达地面后向散射系数模型的研究,在充分考虑地面杂波起伏特性的情况下,本文提出了一种基于RCS起伏模型的机载下视雷达地杂波功率谱算法,并在Matlab平台上仿真实现,仿真结果与理论分析正好吻合,提高了杂波模拟的逼真度。
Radar clutter is still a hot topic after decades of study. Pulse-Doppler radar clutter is quite strong with widely distributed power spectrum. Especially when the radar is in the“look down mode”, it is the background of target detection in all range gates. So calculation and study of airborne radar clutter has become a basic and critical problem in the field of clutter research.
After analyzing the surface clutter scattering mechanism of airborne radar, combining with the clutter characteristic of airborne radar in a look down mode, the characteristics of clutter signal including special correlation and time correlation, is summarized in the beginning. Then discussions are presented on several common algorthms for clutter simulation and simulation results are shown after that. Grid partition method is a common used method in analyzing and calculating ground clutter. In this paper, several ways of grid partition are summarized. Considering that some cells might exceed radar resolution because of their non-uniform sizes and various shapes, an idea that ground clutter of airborne radar can be treated as extended target is proposed. Because angular glint is the main characteristic of the extended target, so in this paper, amplitude fluctuation of ground clutter caused by this characteristic is simulated. In order to improve accuracy of the simulation, corresponding algorithm with special frequency-domain characteristic is proposed, and further simulation is made for comparison. Based on former discussions over characteristics of ground clutter and study on backscattering coefficient of airborne radar ground clutter, an algorithm, which is used to calculate power spectrum of ground clutter of airborne radar based on fluctuated RCS, is proposed. In this paper, all simulations are carried on Matlab platform and results accord well with theoretical analysis. So effectiveness of the algorithms is identified and simulation fidelity improved.
引文
[1] [美]R.L.米切尔,雷达系统模拟,北京:科学出版社,1982
[2]毛士艺,张瑞生,许伟武,等,脉冲多普勒雷达[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1990
[3]尼克斯科,雷达手册,北京:电子工业出版社,2003.7
[4]贲德,韦传安,林幼权,机载雷达技术,北京:电子工业出版社, 2006.12
[5] [美]Geroge W.Stimson,机载雷达导论(第二版),北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[6]黄培康,殷红成,雷达目标特性,电子工业出版社,2005.3
[7]张长隆,杂波建模与仿真技术及其在雷达信号模拟器中的应用研究,国防科技大学博士学位论文[D],2004.3,74-88
[8] R.V.Ostrovityanov and F. A. Basalov, Statistical Theory of Extended Radar Targets,Artech House,1985
[9]黄培康,殷红成,扩展目标的角闪烁,系统工程与电子技术,北京环境特性研究所,1990(12)
[10]王超,陶晓燕,吴顺君,用掺杂法产生具有一定互相关系数的瑞利信道,西安电子科技大学学报,2003.4,30(2)
[11]陈明,通信与信息工程中的随机过程[M],南京:东南大学出版社,2001:351～361
[12] M. Nakagami, The m-distribution - A General Formula of Intensity Distribution of Rapid Fading, In W. C. Hoffman: Statistical Methods of Radio Wave Propagation,Oxford,England,1960.
[13]周文胜,数字蜂窝移动系统的传输性能分析[D],南京邮电学院,1999
[14]顾文锦,陈洁,樊长鹏,谱估计法在反舰导弹雷达角噪声仿真中的应用,战术导弹控制技术,2005(3).
[15]常建平,李海林,随机信号分析,南京航空航天大学,2004.8
[16] Jen King Jao,William B Gogginst ,Efficient,closed-form computation of airborne pluse-Doppler radar clutter,IEEE International Radar Conference[C].1985
[17]梁志恒,蒋庄德,脉冲多普勒雷达杂波信号的实时重构方法研究[J],西安交通大学学报,2001(5):520-522
[18]陈登伟,汪连栋,机载脉冲多普勒雷达地杂波相干信号仿真研究[J],现代电子技术,2006.10
[19]罗军辉,Matlab 7.0在数字信号处理中的应用[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005.5
[20]朱晓程,机载PD相控阵雷达的建模与仿真[D],西安:西安电子科技大学,2006
[21] F.T.Ulaby, M.C.Dobson.Handbook of radar scattering statistics for terrain.Artech house,1989
[22]杨军,葛良波,脉冲多普勒雷达杂波功率谱实时计算的方法[J],电子学报,2003.10
[23] M.Diani,G.Corsini,D.Calugi,Ground clutter model for airborne MPRF radars in look-down search mode,IEEE Proc-Radar.Sonar-Navig.Vol.143.No.2,April 1996
[24]张弓,朱兆达,一种简洁的PD雷达杂波仿真算法研究[J],雷达与对抗,2002(3).
[25] G.V莫里斯,机载脉冲多普勒雷达[M],北京:航空工业出版社,1990,1-100.
[26]王世一,数字信号处理,北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001.3
[27] C.A.Darrah,D.W.Luke.Site-specific clutter modeling using DMA digital terrain elevation data(DTED),digital feature analysis data (DFAD),and lincoln laboratory five freguency clutter amplitude data.IEEE National Radar Conference,Michigan,1996
[28] Morchin W .C, Airborne early warning radar,London,Artech House, 1990
[29]王恒霖,曹建国,仿真系统的设计与应用[M],北京科学出版社,2003
[30] Juan M.Rius,M.Ferrando,L.Jofre,High-Frequency RCS of Complex Radar Targets in Real-time,IEEE Transaction on AP,September 1992,41(9)
[32] Juan M.Rius,M.Ferrando,L.Jofre,GRECO:Graphical Electro magnetic Computing for RCS Prediction in Real Time,IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,April 1993,35(2)
[33] John L.Valakis,“XPATCH:A High-Frequency Electromagnetic Scattering Prediction Code and Environment for Complex Three Dimension Objects”,IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,February 1994,36(1)
[34] R.Bhalla and H.Ling,A Fast Algorithm for Signature Prediction and Image Formation Using the Shooting and Bouncing Ray Technique,IEEE Transaction on AP,July 1995,43(7)
[36] Szajnow ski W J,The Generation of Correlated Weibull Clutter for signal Detection Problem,IEEE Trans on AES,1977,13(5):536-540
[2]毛士艺,张瑞生,许伟武,等,脉冲多普勒雷达[M],北京:国防工业出版社,1990
[3]尼克斯科,雷达手册,北京:电子工业出版社,2003.7
[4]贲德,韦传安,林幼权,机载雷达技术,北京:电子工业出版社, 2006.12
[5] [美]Geroge W.Stimson,机载雷达导论(第二版),北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[6]黄培康,殷红成,雷达目标特性,电子工业出版社,2005.3
[7]张长隆,杂波建模与仿真技术及其在雷达信号模拟器中的应用研究,国防科技大学博士学位论文[D],2004.3,74-88
[8] R.V.Ostrovityanov and F. A. Basalov, Statistical Theory of Extended Radar Targets,Artech House,1985
[9]黄培康,殷红成,扩展目标的角闪烁,系统工程与电子技术,北京环境特性研究所,1990(12)
[10]王超,陶晓燕,吴顺君,用掺杂法产生具有一定互相关系数的瑞利信道,西安电子科技大学学报,2003.4,30(2)
[11]陈明,通信与信息工程中的随机过程[M],南京:东南大学出版社,2001:351～361
[12] M. Nakagami, The m-distribution - A General Formula of Intensity Distribution of Rapid Fading, In W. C. Hoffman: Statistical Methods of Radio Wave Propagation,Oxford,England,1960.
[13]周文胜,数字蜂窝移动系统的传输性能分析[D],南京邮电学院,1999
[14]顾文锦,陈洁,樊长鹏,谱估计法在反舰导弹雷达角噪声仿真中的应用,战术导弹控制技术,2005(3).
[15]常建平,李海林,随机信号分析,南京航空航天大学,2004.8
[16] Jen King Jao,William B Gogginst ,Efficient,closed-form computation of airborne pluse-Doppler radar clutter,IEEE International Radar Conference[C].1985
[17]梁志恒,蒋庄德,脉冲多普勒雷达杂波信号的实时重构方法研究[J],西安交通大学学报,2001(5):520-522
[18]陈登伟,汪连栋,机载脉冲多普勒雷达地杂波相干信号仿真研究[J],现代电子技术,2006.10
[19]罗军辉,Matlab 7.0在数字信号处理中的应用[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005.5
[20]朱晓程,机载PD相控阵雷达的建模与仿真[D],西安:西安电子科技大学,2006
[21] F.T.Ulaby, M.C.Dobson.Handbook of radar scattering statistics for terrain.Artech house,1989
[22]杨军,葛良波,脉冲多普勒雷达杂波功率谱实时计算的方法[J],电子学报,2003.10
[23] M.Diani,G.Corsini,D.Calugi,Ground clutter model for airborne MPRF radars in look-down search mode,IEEE Proc-Radar.Sonar-Navig.Vol.143.No.2,April 1996
[24]张弓,朱兆达,一种简洁的PD雷达杂波仿真算法研究[J],雷达与对抗,2002(3).
[25] G.V莫里斯,机载脉冲多普勒雷达[M],北京:航空工业出版社,1990,1-100.
[26]王世一,数字信号处理,北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001.3
[27] C.A.Darrah,D.W.Luke.Site-specific clutter modeling using DMA digital terrain elevation data(DTED),digital feature analysis data (DFAD),and lincoln laboratory five freguency clutter amplitude data.IEEE National Radar Conference,Michigan,1996
[28] Morchin W .C, Airborne early warning radar,London,Artech House, 1990
[29]王恒霖,曹建国,仿真系统的设计与应用[M],北京科学出版社,2003
[30] Juan M.Rius,M.Ferrando,L.Jofre,High-Frequency RCS of Complex Radar Targets in Real-time,IEEE Transaction on AP,September 1992,41(9)
[32] Juan M.Rius,M.Ferrando,L.Jofre,GRECO:Graphical Electro magnetic Computing for RCS Prediction in Real Time,IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,April 1993,35(2)
[33] John L.Valakis,“XPATCH:A High-Frequency Electromagnetic Scattering Prediction Code and Environment for Complex Three Dimension Objects”,IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,February 1994,36(1)
[34] R.Bhalla and H.Ling,A Fast Algorithm for Signature Prediction and Image Formation Using the Shooting and Bouncing Ray Technique,IEEE Transaction on AP,July 1995,43(7)
[36] Szajnow ski W J,The Generation of Correlated Weibull Clutter for signal Detection Problem,IEEE Trans on AES,1977,13(5):536-540
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