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建设项目施工过程绩效测评与控制研究
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摘要
建设项目施工过程中,许多业主都在进行绩效控制以确保项目成功,目前普遍采用的控制手段只是依靠项目实施人员的经验和直觉去操作,对于提高过程绩效和推广过程控制方法并非完全有效。为了提高项目施工过程绩效控制的可操作性,有必要在建设项目施工过程中,借助过程绩效控制模型进行实施状况、实施效果的评价和预测,及时、真实、准确地了解项目实际进展情况及可能的发展前景,并针对所发现的问题对后续过程进行优化和改进。
     本文站在业主的角度进行建设项目施工过程绩效控制研究,主要包括绩效指标体系的构建和评价方法、绩效预测模型的建立、绩效主动控制等内容。
     本文首先通过分析行业特点,从利益相关者和绩效决定因素的视角构建了绩效指标体系,包括:前期指标、成本指标、质量指标、工期指标、安全指标和综合指标6个一级指标,在此基础上再进一步细分出34个二级指标,并进行了所有二级指标的影响因素分析,采用层次分析法确定了各个影响因素相对于各二级指标的权重值。
     通过收集的60个已完工建设项目施工过程资料,获取大量绩效影响因素信息,建立数据库,并采用模糊综合评判法得出了各项目的各二级指标在施工当月的评价分值:以此为基础运用人工神经网络方法,以当月绩效指标评价分值作为输入,以下一个月工期、成本、质量、安全和业主满意度等5个指标作为输出,对该神经网络进行训练,建立了建设项目施工过程绩效预测的人工神经网络模型。利用该训练成熟的神经网络模型,进行了一个建设项目的实例分析,对未来最近一月的绩效进行了预测,业主可依此对下一个月实施下个月的工程状况进行主动控制,针对可能发生的不良状况预先采取纠偏措施。
     本文所建立的模型,使业主可以在建设项目施工过程中,对项目的执行状况进行有效地预测,及时发现项目执行与项目计划之间的可能偏差,掌握解决问题的主动权,从而保证最终目标的实现。
In order to achieve the final goal, many proprietors are strengthening the performance control based on the process of construction. But so far the process control in construction is only achieved through the experience and instinct of the implementers. To improve the operability of construction projects process control and the success rate, it is necessary to use the performance control model to evaluate the program implementation ,effect and its future development, and to be timely, truly, and accurately informed of the program implementation and its vistas, which helps to aware the problem and conduce the program implementation.
    Performance control includes such three concepts as evaluation, prediction and correcting divergence. From the perspective of the proprietors, this article tries to analysis the construction of the performance control of the program. The performance control research covers the construction of the performance norm system, the discussion of the performance evaluation method, and the study of the performance initiative control.
    Through analyzing the field's features and from the perspective of the related interest beneficiaries and the decisive factors ,the program performance index system is constructed which consists of six first rank indexes including the early stage, cost, quality, timing, security, as well as the overall norms, and 34 second rank indexes. The article also discusses the important factors that affect the 34 second rank indexes, and evaluates the proportion of each factor with regard to the second rank index by improving levels analysis method.
    Great amount of the performance related information (60 projects) is obtained under either normal or abnormal situation to establish the database program. The performance of any month during construction is evaluated through vague comprehensive evaluation method. To predict the program timing, cost, quality, security, as well as the satisfaction degree of the customers etc of the next month with the data of present months. A Neural Network Model is established. Based on the prediction result of the ANN model, initiatively control the timing, cost, quality and security can be carried out. With this method, possible divergence between the planning and carrying out can be corrected timely.
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