带通型频率选择表面的分析与设计
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摘要
随着军事上隐身技术的发展,频率选择表面(FSS)越来越受到人们的重视,频率选择表面简单的讲就是一种电磁滤波器,它能让有用的电磁波通过,让不想要的波反射掉,或者相反。很明显,将它应用于战斗机或舰船的雷达罩上,能不在影响本方雷达工作的情况下,将不在本方雷达工作频带内的波反射掉,如果雷达罩具有一定的倾角,那么对方的雷达将收不到它发出的信号,这样就成了隐身。频率选择表面还有许多其它用途,例如用于卡塞格伦天线的副反射器等。
分析平面周期结构的传统方法是用积分方程法、场分量匹配法,但这些方法过程复杂。因此,近年来发展了很多算法,如矩量法(MOM)、时域有限差分法(FDTD)和矢量有限元法(EB-FEM)。本文采用的是矢量有限元法,这种方法的计算量小,仿真结果较精确,能够仿真多种形状,任意介质的频率选择表面,并且用这种方法很容易分析栅格瓣、表面波现象。本文所给出的仿真实例表明,分析结果与相关文献的结果吻合很好。
最后,本文在论述基本理论的同时,也给出了相应的计算和设计实例,谨供从事FSS研究的人员参考。
With the development of stealth technology, the importance of the Frequency Selective Surface(FSS) is realized by more and more people. The FSS simply is a type of electromagnetic filter. The useful electromagnetic waves can get across it, but unwanted waves will reflect from it, or the thing reverses. When applied to the radome on fighters or worships, the FSS won’t affect our radar’s performance and make the waves which are out of working band of our radar reflect from the radome, then the enemy’s radar can’t receive its signal which has been transmitted from it. The above is so called stealth. The FSS still have many uses, for example, it can be applied to the Cassegrain subreflector.
The traditional analysis method of FSS is integral equation method, field component match method etc. but analytic process is very complex and confused. In order to reduce the analytic complex, the new arithmetic are developed in recent years. Such as the Method of Moment(MOM), Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) and Edge-Based Finite Element Method(EB-FEM). In this paper, we adopt EB-FEM. This method spends less computing time and has the more precise simulation. And it can also be used to simulate FSS with vary shapes and arbitrary dielectric slabs. At the same time, it can easily analyze the grating lobes and surface waves by this method. The simulations presented in this paper indicate that the computed results are in accord with other relational article.
Finally, in this paper, not only the fundamental principle but also the computational and design examples are presented. I hope it will be helpful for the researchers on FSS.
分析平面周期结构的传统方法是用积分方程法、场分量匹配法,但这些方法过程复杂。因此,近年来发展了很多算法,如矩量法(MOM)、时域有限差分法(FDTD)和矢量有限元法(EB-FEM)。本文采用的是矢量有限元法,这种方法的计算量小,仿真结果较精确,能够仿真多种形状,任意介质的频率选择表面,并且用这种方法很容易分析栅格瓣、表面波现象。本文所给出的仿真实例表明,分析结果与相关文献的结果吻合很好。
最后,本文在论述基本理论的同时,也给出了相应的计算和设计实例,谨供从事FSS研究的人员参考。
With the development of stealth technology, the importance of the Frequency Selective Surface(FSS) is realized by more and more people. The FSS simply is a type of electromagnetic filter. The useful electromagnetic waves can get across it, but unwanted waves will reflect from it, or the thing reverses. When applied to the radome on fighters or worships, the FSS won’t affect our radar’s performance and make the waves which are out of working band of our radar reflect from the radome, then the enemy’s radar can’t receive its signal which has been transmitted from it. The above is so called stealth. The FSS still have many uses, for example, it can be applied to the Cassegrain subreflector.
The traditional analysis method of FSS is integral equation method, field component match method etc. but analytic process is very complex and confused. In order to reduce the analytic complex, the new arithmetic are developed in recent years. Such as the Method of Moment(MOM), Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) and Edge-Based Finite Element Method(EB-FEM). In this paper, we adopt EB-FEM. This method spends less computing time and has the more precise simulation. And it can also be used to simulate FSS with vary shapes and arbitrary dielectric slabs. At the same time, it can easily analyze the grating lobes and surface waves by this method. The simulations presented in this paper indicate that the computed results are in accord with other relational article.
Finally, in this paper, not only the fundamental principle but also the computational and design examples are presented. I hope it will be helpful for the researchers on FSS.
引文
[1] 杜庆容,频率选择表面的电磁仿真,【学位论文】,北京航空航天大学,2004
[2] 李源,基于 FDTD 方法的频率选择表面特性分析,【学位论文】,西北工业大学,2004
[3] 程强,基于网格自动剖分技术的复杂腔体电磁特性的有限元法分析,【学位论文】,南京航空航天大学,2004
[4] 金建铭,电磁场有限元方法,西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[5] 葛德彪,闫玉波,电磁波时域有限差分方法,第 2 版,西安电磁科技大学出版社,2005
[6] 刘莹,辅助场时域有限差分法及其在平面周期性结构电磁特性分析中的应用,【学位 论文】,国防科技大学,2000
[7] Release 10.0 Documentation for ANSYS, ANSYS 公司,2006
[8] 高本庆,时域有限差分法 FDTD Method,国防工业出版社,1995
[9] Li Zhao, Andreas C. Cangellaris, GT-PML: Generalized Theory of Perfectly Matched Layers and Its Application to the Reflection less Truncation of Finite-Difference Time-Domain Grids, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1996, 44(12), 2555-2563
[10] 周乐柱,边棱元法—一种模拟和分析电磁场的新型计算方法,电子学报,1994,22(12),1-7
[11] M.L. Barton, Z.J. Cendes, New vector finite element for three-dimensional magnetic field computation, J.Appl. Phys., 1987, 61(8), 3919-3921
[12] 曹世昌,电磁场的数值计算和微波的计算机辅助设计[M],北京电子工业出版社,1989
[13] J.M. Jin, The finite element method in electromagnetics[M], New York: Wiley, 1993
[14] H.C. Martin, G.F. Carey, Introduction to finite element analysis: theory and application, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973
[15] D.S. Burnett, Finite element analysis, from concepts to application, Reading, MA: Addision Wesley, 1987
[16] O.C. Zienkiewicz and R.L. Taylor, The finite element method (4th edition), Vol.1: Basic formulation and linear problems, New York: McDraw-Hill, 1989
[17] W.B. Bickford, A first course in the finite element method. Homewood, IL: Richard D.Irwin, 1990
[18] 饶明忠,谭邦定,黄键,电磁场计算中的棱边有限元[J],中国电机工程学报,1994,14(5), 63-69
[19] 邵蕴秋,ANSYS 8.0 有限元分析实例导航,中国铁道出版社,2004
[20] 最新经典 ANSYS 及 Workbench 教程,电子工业出版社,小纲工作室,2004
[21] P.T.Teo, K.S.Lee, C.K.Lee, Analysis and Design of Band-Pass Frequency-Selective Surfaces Using the FEM CAD Tool, Wiley, 2004, 14(5), 391-397
[22] Chen C C, Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves by a Conducting Screen Perforated Periodically with Circular, IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1971, 19(5), 475-481
[23] 武振波,武哲,吕明云,频率选择表面结构中 Floquet 模的传播特性分析,系统工程与电子技术,2005,27(5),807-810
[24] 马金平,焦永昌,毛乃宏,陈国瑞,圆环单元频率选择表面的优化设计研究,西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(6),167-771
[25] P.Callaqhan, E.A.Parker, R.J.Langley, Influence of supporting dielectric layers on the transmission properties of frequency selective surfaces, IEE Proceedings H Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 1991, 138(5), 448-454
[26] 王焕青,吕明云,武哲,介质加载对频率选择表面传输特性影响的实验研究,红外与毫米波学报,2005,24(1),27-30
[27] APDL 参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例,中国水利水电出版社,博弈创作室,2004
[2] 李源,基于 FDTD 方法的频率选择表面特性分析,【学位论文】,西北工业大学,2004
[3] 程强,基于网格自动剖分技术的复杂腔体电磁特性的有限元法分析,【学位论文】,南京航空航天大学,2004
[4] 金建铭,电磁场有限元方法,西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[5] 葛德彪,闫玉波,电磁波时域有限差分方法,第 2 版,西安电磁科技大学出版社,2005
[6] 刘莹,辅助场时域有限差分法及其在平面周期性结构电磁特性分析中的应用,【学位 论文】,国防科技大学,2000
[7] Release 10.0 Documentation for ANSYS, ANSYS 公司,2006
[8] 高本庆,时域有限差分法 FDTD Method,国防工业出版社,1995
[9] Li Zhao, Andreas C. Cangellaris, GT-PML: Generalized Theory of Perfectly Matched Layers and Its Application to the Reflection less Truncation of Finite-Difference Time-Domain Grids, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1996, 44(12), 2555-2563
[10] 周乐柱,边棱元法—一种模拟和分析电磁场的新型计算方法,电子学报,1994,22(12),1-7
[11] M.L. Barton, Z.J. Cendes, New vector finite element for three-dimensional magnetic field computation, J.Appl. Phys., 1987, 61(8), 3919-3921
[12] 曹世昌,电磁场的数值计算和微波的计算机辅助设计[M],北京电子工业出版社,1989
[13] J.M. Jin, The finite element method in electromagnetics[M], New York: Wiley, 1993
[14] H.C. Martin, G.F. Carey, Introduction to finite element analysis: theory and application, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1973
[15] D.S. Burnett, Finite element analysis, from concepts to application, Reading, MA: Addision Wesley, 1987
[16] O.C. Zienkiewicz and R.L. Taylor, The finite element method (4th edition), Vol.1: Basic formulation and linear problems, New York: McDraw-Hill, 1989
[17] W.B. Bickford, A first course in the finite element method. Homewood, IL: Richard D.Irwin, 1990
[18] 饶明忠,谭邦定,黄键,电磁场计算中的棱边有限元[J],中国电机工程学报,1994,14(5), 63-69
[19] 邵蕴秋,ANSYS 8.0 有限元分析实例导航,中国铁道出版社,2004
[20] 最新经典 ANSYS 及 Workbench 教程,电子工业出版社,小纲工作室,2004
[21] P.T.Teo, K.S.Lee, C.K.Lee, Analysis and Design of Band-Pass Frequency-Selective Surfaces Using the FEM CAD Tool, Wiley, 2004, 14(5), 391-397
[22] Chen C C, Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves by a Conducting Screen Perforated Periodically with Circular, IEEE Transaction on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1971, 19(5), 475-481
[23] 武振波,武哲,吕明云,频率选择表面结构中 Floquet 模的传播特性分析,系统工程与电子技术,2005,27(5),807-810
[24] 马金平,焦永昌,毛乃宏,陈国瑞,圆环单元频率选择表面的优化设计研究,西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(6),167-771
[25] P.Callaqhan, E.A.Parker, R.J.Langley, Influence of supporting dielectric layers on the transmission properties of frequency selective surfaces, IEE Proceedings H Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 1991, 138(5), 448-454
[26] 王焕青,吕明云,武哲,介质加载对频率选择表面传输特性影响的实验研究,红外与毫米波学报,2005,24(1),27-30
[27] APDL 参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例,中国水利水电出版社,博弈创作室,2004
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