精益物流的理论与应用研究
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摘要
随着全球化经济的发展,企业竞争的日益激化,企业经营已逐渐从原来的少品种、大规模生产和大众营销阶段转向了以多品种少量生产为特征的差异化营销阶段。消费者群体的细分化和市场对企业经营的及时指导、反馈成为主要的经营战略。产品的开发和流动都是建立在及时对消费者需求之上的活动。“在提供满意的顾客服务水平的同时,把浪费降到最低程度”的理念开始为人们所关注,这也成为精益物流的目标,从而,对精益物流管理的研究也已成为必然。
精益物流是起源于日本丰田公司的一种管理思想,其核心是追求消灭包括库存在内的一切浪费,并围绕此目标发展一系列的具体方法。精益物流管理理论是从精益生产和精益思想理论演变而来的,物流学家将精益思想运用到物流管理中,从物流管理的角度进行了大量的借鉴工作,并与供应链管理的思想融合起来,提出了精益物流新概念。
本文首先从物流和精益思想的论述着手,对精益物流产生的基础和内涵进行了论述;接着从技术的角度提出实施精益物流可以采用的控制方法和策略;然后笔者以协助天津眼科医院配镜中心实施精益改造为实例,运用了价值流程图工具分析了配镜中心业务流程中存在的物流流动不合理的环节和步骤,运用基于精益物流的管理理念,帮助实现伴随物流流动的信息流的收集、集成和反馈,从而实现精益物流,对精益物流实施的有效性、必要性进行了验证;最后文章在总结了配镜中心实施精益改造的实践经验和考察了我国企业实施精益物流的状况后,本人以精益物流思想为指导从战略思想的角度就现今中国企业究竟如何实现有中国特色的精益物流提出了自己的观点。
With the development of global economy and the intensification of enterprise's competition day by day, management of enterprise already vary gradually from original popular marketing stage with little variety and mass production to discrepant marketing stage which take with much variety and small quantity production as characteristic. The ones that manage to subdivide consumer colony and guided in time and feedback to enterprises management from market became main management strategy. The development and flow of the products are the activitives that build on the consumer's demand duly. The idea that " while offering satisfying service to the customer , lowering waste to minimum extent " began to be noticed by people, it turns to be the goal of lean logistics as well, consequently, the study on lean logistics management has already become inevitable.The lean logistics is a kind of management thought of originating from Japanese Toyota Company , pursuing to eliminate all waste including stock is the core which is around by developing a series of concrete methods . The theory of lean logistics management developed from the theory of lean production and lean thinking, logistists apply lean thinking to logistics management, and go on a large amount of work to use for reference in terms of logistics management, and merge with the thought of supplying chain management, put forward the new concept of the lean logistics.This paper sets about from argumentation of logistics and lean thinking at first, and discusses procreant foundation and connotation of the lean logistics;Then advances the control methods and strategy which the lean logistics can adopt in terms of technology;Subsequently the author regarded helping the glasses centre of Tianjin ophthalmology hospital to implement alteration of the lean logistics as the instance, and used the tool of value flow chart to analyze unreasonable links and steps existing in logistics flow in the business procedure of the glasses centre, and applied the idea of management based on the lean logistics to assist to achieve the collection and integrating and feedbacking of information going with objects flow , accordingly carried out lean logistics, and proved the validity and necessity of implementing the lean logistics;At last, after summarizing practical experience of lean alteration in the center and investigating the status that the domestic enterprises implement the lean logistics, regarding lean thinking as guidelines, the author posed his own suggests on Chinese enterprise how to achieve the lean logistics with Chinese characteristics nowadays in terms of strategic thought.
精益物流是起源于日本丰田公司的一种管理思想,其核心是追求消灭包括库存在内的一切浪费,并围绕此目标发展一系列的具体方法。精益物流管理理论是从精益生产和精益思想理论演变而来的,物流学家将精益思想运用到物流管理中,从物流管理的角度进行了大量的借鉴工作,并与供应链管理的思想融合起来,提出了精益物流新概念。
本文首先从物流和精益思想的论述着手,对精益物流产生的基础和内涵进行了论述;接着从技术的角度提出实施精益物流可以采用的控制方法和策略;然后笔者以协助天津眼科医院配镜中心实施精益改造为实例,运用了价值流程图工具分析了配镜中心业务流程中存在的物流流动不合理的环节和步骤,运用基于精益物流的管理理念,帮助实现伴随物流流动的信息流的收集、集成和反馈,从而实现精益物流,对精益物流实施的有效性、必要性进行了验证;最后文章在总结了配镜中心实施精益改造的实践经验和考察了我国企业实施精益物流的状况后,本人以精益物流思想为指导从战略思想的角度就现今中国企业究竟如何实现有中国特色的精益物流提出了自己的观点。
With the development of global economy and the intensification of enterprise's competition day by day, management of enterprise already vary gradually from original popular marketing stage with little variety and mass production to discrepant marketing stage which take with much variety and small quantity production as characteristic. The ones that manage to subdivide consumer colony and guided in time and feedback to enterprises management from market became main management strategy. The development and flow of the products are the activitives that build on the consumer's demand duly. The idea that " while offering satisfying service to the customer , lowering waste to minimum extent " began to be noticed by people, it turns to be the goal of lean logistics as well, consequently, the study on lean logistics management has already become inevitable.The lean logistics is a kind of management thought of originating from Japanese Toyota Company , pursuing to eliminate all waste including stock is the core which is around by developing a series of concrete methods . The theory of lean logistics management developed from the theory of lean production and lean thinking, logistists apply lean thinking to logistics management, and go on a large amount of work to use for reference in terms of logistics management, and merge with the thought of supplying chain management, put forward the new concept of the lean logistics.This paper sets about from argumentation of logistics and lean thinking at first, and discusses procreant foundation and connotation of the lean logistics;Then advances the control methods and strategy which the lean logistics can adopt in terms of technology;Subsequently the author regarded helping the glasses centre of Tianjin ophthalmology hospital to implement alteration of the lean logistics as the instance, and used the tool of value flow chart to analyze unreasonable links and steps existing in logistics flow in the business procedure of the glasses centre, and applied the idea of management based on the lean logistics to assist to achieve the collection and integrating and feedbacking of information going with objects flow , accordingly carried out lean logistics, and proved the validity and necessity of implementing the lean logistics;At last, after summarizing practical experience of lean alteration in the center and investigating the status that the domestic enterprises implement the lean logistics, regarding lean thinking as guidelines, the author posed his own suggests on Chinese enterprise how to achieve the lean logistics with Chinese characteristics nowadays in terms of strategic thought.
引文
[1] 詹姆斯·P·沃迈克,丹尼尔·T·琼斯.精益思想[M].北京:商务印书馆,1996
[2] 魏大鹏.丰田生产方式研究[M].天津:天津科技大学出版社,1996
[3] 徐章一.敏捷物流[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2004
[4] 金国利.企业战略管理[M].北京:华文出版社,2003
[5] 宋华,胡左浩.现代物流与供应链管理[M].经济管理出版社,2002
[6] 宋华.物流供应链管理机制与发展[M].经济管理出版社,2002
[7] 乔恩·休斯,马克·拉尔夫,比尔·米切尔斯.供应链再造[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2003
[8] 约瑟夫·A·布雷迪.新概念ERP[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[9] 蔡林宁.物流系统规划—建模及实例分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[10] 现代物流管理课题组.物流成本管理[M].广东:广东经济出版社,2002
[11] 牟汛东,陈健.第三利润源泉[M].上海:上海远东出版社,2002
[12] 秦明森.物流技术手册[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2002
[13] 唐纳德·J·鲍尔索克斯,戴维·J·克劳斯.物流管理—供应链过程的一体化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[14] 密歇尔·贝克特尔.目标管理[M].北京:中信出版社,2002
[15] 周密.IE方法实战精解[M].广东:广东经济出版社,2003
[16] 迈克尔·波特.竞争战略[M].北京:华夏出版社,1997
[17] 艾伦·哈里森,锐莫克·万·胡可.物流管理与战略[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[18] 张毅.企业资源计划ERP[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[19] 汉斯·克里斯蒂安·波弗尔.物流前沿[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[20] 王之泰.物流工程研究[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2004
[21] 理查德·拉明.精益供应[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003
[22] 李春富.发展精益物流,提高企业竞争力[J].江南大学学报,2004,3(4)
[23] 王新荣,范玉青.基于精益生产的企业价值流的研究[J].制造业自动化,24(8)
[24] 汪萍.对发展邮政精益物流业务的思考[J].邮政商情,2002,(17)
[25] 吴垅.精益成本管理模式及其启示[J].西北农林科技大学学 报,2004,4(4)
[26] 郑吉春,李伊松.精益物流与敏捷物流的选择策略分析[J].北京交通大学学报,2004,3(2)
[27] 邬跃.论精益物流系统[J].中国流通经济,2001,(5)
[28] 张健.日本企业集团管理的主要特点和趋势分析.发展战略研讨会,2004
[29] 周勇.企业物流管理的趋势思考[J].商业研究,2002,(242)
[30] 唐正全.如何实施现场管理[J].中国质量,2003,(3)
[31] 潘瑞玉,张丽丽,周根贵.实现精益物流[J].技术经济与管理研究,2003,(2)
[32] 熊卫.我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略[J].选择商业经济文萃,2004,(1)
[33] 李心颖,李峰.信息化管理是企业现代物流的重要依托[J].科技进步与对策,2002(8)
[34] 田益峰,胡华安,郭黎明.中国邮政精益物流系统研究[J].经济师,2003(12)
[35] 毛新虎,何蒙奎,王文杰.重组现有资源建立有中国特色的现代物流体系[J].山西建筑,2004,30(1)
[36] 陆志焯.精益生产方式在飞驰客车厂的应用分析[D].广州:华南理工大学,2000
[37] 杨波.精益物流的理论和方法研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
[38] 周俊平.在精益生产方式思想指导下的生产管理实践[D].上海:上海交通大学,2001
[39] 薛为超.强生公司外发加工业务流程案例研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2000
[40] 田宇,朱道利.精益物流.www.chinalogistics.com
[41] 邬跃.我国物流研究的现状及展望.www. xljk.511511.com/wlcc/wlps23.htm
[42] Martin Christopher. Logistics and Supply Chain Management[M]. Bei Jing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2003
[43] Richard B. Chase, Nicholas J. Aqulino, F. Robert Jacobs. Production and Operations Management [M]. New Yok, McGRaw-Hill, Jan 1999
[44] S. H. Ghodsypour, C. Obrien. The Total Ccost of Logistics in Supplier Selection under Multiple Criteria [J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 2001, (73)
[45] M. Barad, D. Even Sapir. Flexibility in Logistic Systems-modeling and Performance Evaluation [J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 2003, (85)
[46] Gerald Lee Barlow. Just In Time: Implementation Wth the Hotel Industry [J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 2002, (80)
[47] Nicholas Crafts. Deindustrialisation & Economic Growth. The Economic Journal, 1996, (68)
[48] Pauld. Larson, Arni halldorsson. Logistics Versus Supply Chain Management [J]. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Application, 2004, 17 (6)
[49] E. W. T. Ngai. An Empirical Study of Supply Chain Performance in Transport Logistics [J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 2004, (87)
[50] Timo Pirttila, Janne Huiskonen. A Framework for Cost-service Analysis in Differentiation of Logistics Services[J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 1996, (45)
[51] Michael A. McGinnis, jonathan W. Kohn. Logistics Strategy-revisited [J]. Journal of Business Logistics, 2002, 23(2)
[52] Shad Dowlatshahi. A Modeling Approach to Logistics in Concurrent Engineering [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1999, (115)
[53] Dan Anderssona, Andreas Norrmanb. Procurement of Logistics Services-a minutes Work or A Multi-year Project? [J]. European Journal of Purchasing&Supply Managements, 2002, (8)
[54] Marc Goetschalckx, Koray Dogan, Carlos J. Vidalb. Modeling and Design of Global Logistics Systems: A Review of Integrated Strategic and Tactical Models and Design Algorithms [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1999,(143)
[55] Donald J. Bowersox, Theodore P. Stank, Patricia J. Daugherty. Lean Launch: Managing Product Introduction Risk Through Response-Based Logistics [J]. J Prod Innov Manag, 1999, (16)
[56] Kee-Hung Laia, E.W.T. Ngaib, T.C.E. Chenga. An Empirical Study of Supply Chain Performance in Transport Logistics[J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 2003, (87)
[57] Pine. B.J. Mass Customization: The New Frontier in Business Competition [J]. Harvard Business Review, 1996, (12)
[58] Gary Hamel. Strategy as A Revolution[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1996, (7)
[59] Martin Christopher. Logistics and Supply Chain Management [J]. Financial Times, 1994
[60] Ellam L.M. Supply Chain Management: The Industrial Organization Perspective [J]. International Journal Of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 2000, 5(12)
[61] A. Gunasekaran. Editorial Design and Implementation of Agile Manufacturing System [J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 1999, (62)
[2] 魏大鹏.丰田生产方式研究[M].天津:天津科技大学出版社,1996
[3] 徐章一.敏捷物流[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2004
[4] 金国利.企业战略管理[M].北京:华文出版社,2003
[5] 宋华,胡左浩.现代物流与供应链管理[M].经济管理出版社,2002
[6] 宋华.物流供应链管理机制与发展[M].经济管理出版社,2002
[7] 乔恩·休斯,马克·拉尔夫,比尔·米切尔斯.供应链再造[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2003
[8] 约瑟夫·A·布雷迪.新概念ERP[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[9] 蔡林宁.物流系统规划—建模及实例分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[10] 现代物流管理课题组.物流成本管理[M].广东:广东经济出版社,2002
[11] 牟汛东,陈健.第三利润源泉[M].上海:上海远东出版社,2002
[12] 秦明森.物流技术手册[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2002
[13] 唐纳德·J·鲍尔索克斯,戴维·J·克劳斯.物流管理—供应链过程的一体化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[14] 密歇尔·贝克特尔.目标管理[M].北京:中信出版社,2002
[15] 周密.IE方法实战精解[M].广东:广东经济出版社,2003
[16] 迈克尔·波特.竞争战略[M].北京:华夏出版社,1997
[17] 艾伦·哈里森,锐莫克·万·胡可.物流管理与战略[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[18] 张毅.企业资源计划ERP[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[19] 汉斯·克里斯蒂安·波弗尔.物流前沿[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[20] 王之泰.物流工程研究[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2004
[21] 理查德·拉明.精益供应[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003
[22] 李春富.发展精益物流,提高企业竞争力[J].江南大学学报,2004,3(4)
[23] 王新荣,范玉青.基于精益生产的企业价值流的研究[J].制造业自动化,24(8)
[24] 汪萍.对发展邮政精益物流业务的思考[J].邮政商情,2002,(17)
[25] 吴垅.精益成本管理模式及其启示[J].西北农林科技大学学 报,2004,4(4)
[26] 郑吉春,李伊松.精益物流与敏捷物流的选择策略分析[J].北京交通大学学报,2004,3(2)
[27] 邬跃.论精益物流系统[J].中国流通经济,2001,(5)
[28] 张健.日本企业集团管理的主要特点和趋势分析.发展战略研讨会,2004
[29] 周勇.企业物流管理的趋势思考[J].商业研究,2002,(242)
[30] 唐正全.如何实施现场管理[J].中国质量,2003,(3)
[31] 潘瑞玉,张丽丽,周根贵.实现精益物流[J].技术经济与管理研究,2003,(2)
[32] 熊卫.我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略[J].选择商业经济文萃,2004,(1)
[33] 李心颖,李峰.信息化管理是企业现代物流的重要依托[J].科技进步与对策,2002(8)
[34] 田益峰,胡华安,郭黎明.中国邮政精益物流系统研究[J].经济师,2003(12)
[35] 毛新虎,何蒙奎,王文杰.重组现有资源建立有中国特色的现代物流体系[J].山西建筑,2004,30(1)
[36] 陆志焯.精益生产方式在飞驰客车厂的应用分析[D].广州:华南理工大学,2000
[37] 杨波.精益物流的理论和方法研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
[38] 周俊平.在精益生产方式思想指导下的生产管理实践[D].上海:上海交通大学,2001
[39] 薛为超.强生公司外发加工业务流程案例研究[D].上海:复旦大学,2000
[40] 田宇,朱道利.精益物流.www.chinalogistics.com
[41] 邬跃.我国物流研究的现状及展望.www. xljk.511511.com/wlcc/wlps23.htm
[42] Martin Christopher. Logistics and Supply Chain Management[M]. Bei Jing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2003
[43] Richard B. Chase, Nicholas J. Aqulino, F. Robert Jacobs. Production and Operations Management [M]. New Yok, McGRaw-Hill, Jan 1999
[44] S. H. Ghodsypour, C. Obrien. The Total Ccost of Logistics in Supplier Selection under Multiple Criteria [J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 2001, (73)
[45] M. Barad, D. Even Sapir. Flexibility in Logistic Systems-modeling and Performance Evaluation [J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 2003, (85)
[46] Gerald Lee Barlow. Just In Time: Implementation Wth the Hotel Industry [J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 2002, (80)
[47] Nicholas Crafts. Deindustrialisation & Economic Growth. The Economic Journal, 1996, (68)
[48] Pauld. Larson, Arni halldorsson. Logistics Versus Supply Chain Management [J]. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Application, 2004, 17 (6)
[49] E. W. T. Ngai. An Empirical Study of Supply Chain Performance in Transport Logistics [J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 2004, (87)
[50] Timo Pirttila, Janne Huiskonen. A Framework for Cost-service Analysis in Differentiation of Logistics Services[J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 1996, (45)
[51] Michael A. McGinnis, jonathan W. Kohn. Logistics Strategy-revisited [J]. Journal of Business Logistics, 2002, 23(2)
[52] Shad Dowlatshahi. A Modeling Approach to Logistics in Concurrent Engineering [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1999, (115)
[53] Dan Anderssona, Andreas Norrmanb. Procurement of Logistics Services-a minutes Work or A Multi-year Project? [J]. European Journal of Purchasing&Supply Managements, 2002, (8)
[54] Marc Goetschalckx, Koray Dogan, Carlos J. Vidalb. Modeling and Design of Global Logistics Systems: A Review of Integrated Strategic and Tactical Models and Design Algorithms [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1999,(143)
[55] Donald J. Bowersox, Theodore P. Stank, Patricia J. Daugherty. Lean Launch: Managing Product Introduction Risk Through Response-Based Logistics [J]. J Prod Innov Manag, 1999, (16)
[56] Kee-Hung Laia, E.W.T. Ngaib, T.C.E. Chenga. An Empirical Study of Supply Chain Performance in Transport Logistics[J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 2003, (87)
[57] Pine. B.J. Mass Customization: The New Frontier in Business Competition [J]. Harvard Business Review, 1996, (12)
[58] Gary Hamel. Strategy as A Revolution[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1996, (7)
[59] Martin Christopher. Logistics and Supply Chain Management [J]. Financial Times, 1994
[60] Ellam L.M. Supply Chain Management: The Industrial Organization Perspective [J]. International Journal Of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 2000, 5(12)
[61] A. Gunasekaran. Editorial Design and Implementation of Agile Manufacturing System [J]. Int. J. Production Economics, 1999, (62)
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