松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土强度特性研究
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摘要
松嫩平原盐渍土区隶属我国东北内陆盐渍土三大分布区域之一。其面积之大,波及之广,发展之快,危害之深均堪称我国东北之首。该区盐渍土属于内陆苏打型盐渍土,盐分组成以NaHCO3和Na2CO3为主,含有少量的硫酸盐和氯化物。这不仅给农业生产带来了严重的危害,更重要的是,由于盐渍土不良的工程性质,对工程建设也造成了极大的危害。特别是在公路建设上,导致路面的沉降、路基塌陷等公路病害。而现有对苏打型盐渍土的工程特性相关研究还较少,因此本文以203国道“松原至金宝屯”段高等级公路为依托,着重从松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的物理、化学及力学性质出发,详细探讨了其工程性质,从定量的角度研究了其工程参数,对松嫩平原地区的苏打型盐渍土公路路基的设计和施工都具有十分重要的意义。主要研究的内容有:
①在分析盐渍土的特点、分类及其工程危害等基础上,阐释了松嫩平原地区的气候基本特征和松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的赋存环境。
②全面研究了松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的基本工程特性,包括松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的天然密度、含水量、液塑限、颗粒组成等物理指标的测定;松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的化学性质与矿物成分分析等;松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的抗剪强度、固结性、膨胀性、承载比等基本力学性质;松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的含盐量与界限含水量的关系、渗透性等水理性质。
③在上述研究的基础上,着重研究了松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的强度特性,对松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土抗剪强度与含水量关系进行了系统研究,主要包括:得出了苏打型盐渍土的抗剪强度参数与含水量关系函数;苏打型盐渍土的极限强度、临界含水量的确定;苏打型盐渍土的抗剪强度随含水量变化的机理分析。并初步研究了苏打型盐渍土强度与含盐量关系。
④初步探讨了该研究在松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的公路路基工程改良中的应用。
上述研究解决了工程急需的实际问题,填补了对苏打型盐渍土的工程特性研究的空白。对松嫩平原地区的苏打型盐渍土公路工程的设计和施工都具有十分重要的意义。
The saline soil area in Songnen plain is one of the three large saline soil areas in northeast inland of China. It is in the first place for its large area, wide spread, fast development and deeply hazard in northeast of our country. The leading content of this saline soil is NaHCO_3 and Na_2CO_3, which belongs to inland soda-saline soil. It is not only harmful to agricultural production but also harmful to engineering construction because of its poor engineering properties. It also leads to highway distresses of the roadbed subsidence and collapse in the highway construction.
For the research of soda-saline soil is much less now, in this theses based on the physical indexes, chemical properties and mechanical properties of the soil, the engineering properties and the engineering parameter are discussed. The study is valuable to the engineering design and construction in Songnen plain soda-saline soil. The main content of research as follows:
①On the basis of introducing classification of saline soil and its solid’s characteristics, the climate of Songnen plain and survival circumstance for saline soil have been analyzed.
②The basic properties of littoral Songnen plain saline soil are entirely and systematically researched, including testing physical indexes(nature density, moisture content, liquid and plastic limit graduation, particle composition), chemical properties and mineral component analyzing, basic mechanical properties(shear strength, consolidation, collapse and dilatability, CBR), hydrologic properties(the relationship between limit water content and water content, permeability) and so on.
③On the basis of the study above, strength property is studied especially, The main content as follows: The relationship between shear strength and water content of Songnen plain soda-saline soil was studied with two different experimental methods. A shear strength formula was brought out based on tests and the strength parameters were given accordingly. At the same time the yield surface and the critical water content of Songnen plain soda-saline soil was proposed and the mechanism of strength variation was analyzed. The relationship between the moisture content and shear strength is studied too.
④The application of the research in roadbed filler improvement of Songnen plain soda-saline soil is discussed initiatively.
The research solves difficult problems of the project. It is very important to fulfill the research of Songnen plain soda-saline soil. The study is valuable to the engineering design and construction in Songnen plain soda-saline soil.
①在分析盐渍土的特点、分类及其工程危害等基础上,阐释了松嫩平原地区的气候基本特征和松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的赋存环境。
②全面研究了松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的基本工程特性,包括松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的天然密度、含水量、液塑限、颗粒组成等物理指标的测定;松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的化学性质与矿物成分分析等;松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的抗剪强度、固结性、膨胀性、承载比等基本力学性质;松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的含盐量与界限含水量的关系、渗透性等水理性质。
③在上述研究的基础上,着重研究了松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的强度特性,对松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土抗剪强度与含水量关系进行了系统研究,主要包括:得出了苏打型盐渍土的抗剪强度参数与含水量关系函数;苏打型盐渍土的极限强度、临界含水量的确定;苏打型盐渍土的抗剪强度随含水量变化的机理分析。并初步研究了苏打型盐渍土强度与含盐量关系。
④初步探讨了该研究在松嫩平原苏打型盐渍土的公路路基工程改良中的应用。
上述研究解决了工程急需的实际问题,填补了对苏打型盐渍土的工程特性研究的空白。对松嫩平原地区的苏打型盐渍土公路工程的设计和施工都具有十分重要的意义。
The saline soil area in Songnen plain is one of the three large saline soil areas in northeast inland of China. It is in the first place for its large area, wide spread, fast development and deeply hazard in northeast of our country. The leading content of this saline soil is NaHCO_3 and Na_2CO_3, which belongs to inland soda-saline soil. It is not only harmful to agricultural production but also harmful to engineering construction because of its poor engineering properties. It also leads to highway distresses of the roadbed subsidence and collapse in the highway construction.
For the research of soda-saline soil is much less now, in this theses based on the physical indexes, chemical properties and mechanical properties of the soil, the engineering properties and the engineering parameter are discussed. The study is valuable to the engineering design and construction in Songnen plain soda-saline soil. The main content of research as follows:
①On the basis of introducing classification of saline soil and its solid’s characteristics, the climate of Songnen plain and survival circumstance for saline soil have been analyzed.
②The basic properties of littoral Songnen plain saline soil are entirely and systematically researched, including testing physical indexes(nature density, moisture content, liquid and plastic limit graduation, particle composition), chemical properties and mineral component analyzing, basic mechanical properties(shear strength, consolidation, collapse and dilatability, CBR), hydrologic properties(the relationship between limit water content and water content, permeability) and so on.
③On the basis of the study above, strength property is studied especially, The main content as follows: The relationship between shear strength and water content of Songnen plain soda-saline soil was studied with two different experimental methods. A shear strength formula was brought out based on tests and the strength parameters were given accordingly. At the same time the yield surface and the critical water content of Songnen plain soda-saline soil was proposed and the mechanism of strength variation was analyzed. The relationship between the moisture content and shear strength is studied too.
④The application of the research in roadbed filler improvement of Songnen plain soda-saline soil is discussed initiatively.
The research solves difficult problems of the project. It is very important to fulfill the research of Songnen plain soda-saline soil. The study is valuable to the engineering design and construction in Songnen plain soda-saline soil.
引文
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[2] 雒鹏飞,高勇,宋凤斌,赵兰坡,刘兴土.吉林省西部盐碱土资源开发利用中的若干问题.吉林:吉林农业大学学报,2004,26(6):659~663.
[3] B.A.考夫达,席承藩译,盐渍土的发生与演变,北京:科学出版社,1957.
[4] B.B.巴甘诺夫、H.A.崔托维奇著,赵诚斋,徐松龄译,土壤物理学,北京:科学出版社,1986.
[5] A.A.穆斯塔法耶夫著,中国科学院土壤研究所盐渍地球化学研究室译,土壤盐化和碱化过程的模拟,北京:科学出版社,1986.
[6] 徐学祖,张立新等.甘肃盐渍土及土壤水分改良三环节探讨明,冰川冻土,1998,20(2).
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[10] 张殿发.GIS 支持下的吉林西部平原土地盐碱化研究[博士论文].长春:长春科技大学,2005.
[11] 全国盐渍土学术交流会纪要,土壤,1978.4.
[12] 于昆.盐渍土地区高等级公路设计施工.山西交通科技,2002.12.(6):23～24.
[13] 耿树江.青海西部地区盐渍土溶陷对建筑物的影响及治理对策.中国减灾,1992,4(2).
[14] 谷云峰,王国体,俞竞伟.盐渍土的基本特性及其工程治理.安徽建筑,2004.1:84～86.
[15] 王晶,肖延华,朱平,孙毅,石元亮.松嫩平原盐渍土的发展演化与影响因素.吉林农业科学,1995.2.67～68.
[16] 邢文榜.盐渍土地区公路路基的处理与施工.交通世界,2004(1):42～45.
[17] Y .Z. Xu. Problems on saline soil foundation in arid zones in China. Ist Int.Symp. on the Eng. Characteristics of Arid Soils. Vol.2, p325-331,(UK),1993.
[18] M.Y.Abelev. Problems of construction on saline silts, Proc.of 4th Asian Conf. On Soil Mech,Bangkok,1971.
[19] 中华人民共和国交通部行业标准.公路土工试验规程(JTJ0)1-93.北京:人民交通出版社,1994.
[20] 许惠德,马金荣,等.土质学及土力学.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1994.6.1.
[21] 王遵亲,等.中国盐渍土.北京:科学出版社,1991.
[22] 时拓青.硫酸盐渍土的特性及对建筑工程的影响.贵州大学学报,2000.17(4):307～308.
[23] 雷华阳,张文殊,等.超氯盐渍土的工程特性指标研究.长春科技大学学报,2001,31(1):70～73.
[24] 周华,李全胜,朱瑞成.新疆库尔勒地区盐渍土的工程地质特性.西部探矿工程,2000,3:37～38.
[25] 朱瑞成,周华,等.焉耆盆地盐渍土的工程地质特征.工程勘察,1996,2:15～18.
[26] 江炼波.盐渍土路基工程特性及施工技术研究.国防交通工程与技术,2005,1:35～37.
[27] 王志伟.高地下水位盐渍土地区路基维护.路基工程,2004,114(3):54～55.
[28] 王晓斌.盐渍土对农村道路工程性质的影响与治理.农机化研究,2000,5(2):122～123.
[29] 雷华阳,张文殊,张喜发.盐渍土渗透性测试和渗透系数计算方法.长春大学学报,2000,30(2):173～176.
[30] Kisch H J. Illite crystallinity: recommendation on sample preparation, X-ray diffraction settings, and interlaboratory samples.Journal of Metamorphic Geology,1991, 9; 665～670.
[31] 徐永福.非饱和膨胀土结构性强度的研究[J].工程力学,1999,(4):73～74.
[32] 杨庆,贺洁,栾茂田.非饱和红粘土和膨胀土抗剪强度的比较研究.岩土力学,2003,24(1):14～16.
[33] 沈珠江.理论土力学.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000.
[34] 唐大雄,刘佑荣等编著.工程岩土学(第二版).北京:地质出版社,1999.8.
[35] 党进谦,李靖.非饱和黄土的强度特征.岩土工程学报.1997,19(2):56～61.
[36] 陈希哲.土力学与地基基础(第四版).北京:清华大学出版社,2004.4.
[37] 谬林昌,仲晓晨等.膨胀土的强度与含水量的关系.岩土力学,1999,20(2):71～75.
[38] 谬林昌,殷宗泽.非饱和土的剪切强度.岩土力学,1999,20(3):1～6.
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