井间地震纵波提取及反射波成像
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摘要
地震勘探技术从石油勘探阶段向油气田开发阶段的渗透,使得井间地震技术得到了长足的发展。如何从复杂的井间地震记录中提取有效反射波,进行井间反射波成像是目前井间地震资料处理的研究热点。针对井间三分量采集数据,研究纵横波分离方法,提取纵波分量,进而研究反射波波动方程成像方法,对井间地震技术发展及应用具有十分重要的意义。
本文根据高分辨率Radon变换基本原理,针对井间地震采样率高、频带宽、主频高、道间距小、单炮数据量大等特点,对高分辨率Radon正反变换方法进行了研究,设计了算法,编制了相应的处理程序,并对各参数进行了调试。根据井间地震接收系统的独特性,结合纵波和横波在不同分量上的极性关系,利用高分辨率Radon正反变换方法,研制了τ-p域纵横波波场分离方法,并编程现实。对理论模型和实际井间模型模拟数据进行处理,成功分离了纵横波波场。
在提取纵波波场基础上,根据已有井间地震处理系统的数据结构将波动方程有限差分偏移方法移植到井间地震数据处理中。从波动方程偏移基本原理出发,结合井间地震的特点,对井间剖面进行网格划分,利用射线追踪方法求取成像时间,利用有限差分方法对井间波场进行延拓,并应用成像条件,实现了有限差分逆时偏移算法。
模型试算和实际模拟资料处理结果表明:利用纵波波场进行成像能够更真实地反应地层产状,且其成像结果具有较高的分辨率和信噪比。
Nowdays seismic exploration technique enters the development stage of oilfiled fromoilfield prospecting stage, this gives rise to quick development of crosswell seismic tehcnique.How to get effective reflect wave from complex crosswell seismic record and crosswellseismic imaging are hot research point of crosswell seismic data processing. The acquisitionof 3C crosswell seismic, the separation of P and S waves, P waves component extracting, andwave equation imaging methods are all very important for crosswell seismic data processing.
Based on principle of high resolution frequency domain radon transform, forward andinverse transform of high resolution Radon transform are studied and designed according tothe characters of crosswell data such as: high sample rate, wide spectrum, high mainfrequency and large single shot data quantity. Corresponding processing program aredeveloped and various parameters are tested and adjusted. Considering the specific feature ofcrosswell seismic acquisition system and the difference of P and S wave in polar nature, weutilize high resolution forward/inverse radon transform to develop the P/S wavefieldseparation method in? ? p domain, and design corresponding program. Processing ofsimulated data of theoretical model and practical crosswell model separates P/S wavefieldsuccessfully.
In the basis of extracting P wavefield, depending on data structure of existing crosswellseismic processing system, we transplant wave equation finite-difference migration methodinto crosswell seismic data processing. Considering the character of crosswell seismic, wegrid the crosswell section, calculate imaging time by ray-tracing, use finite-difference methodto achieve crosswell wavefield reverse time continuation, and finally apply imaging conditionto get finite-difference reverse-time migration profile.
Processing results implies that: imaging from extracted P wavefiled can reflect actualattitude of strata more clearly than image from full P/S wavefield, the imaging results havehigh resolution and high S/N.
本文根据高分辨率Radon变换基本原理,针对井间地震采样率高、频带宽、主频高、道间距小、单炮数据量大等特点,对高分辨率Radon正反变换方法进行了研究,设计了算法,编制了相应的处理程序,并对各参数进行了调试。根据井间地震接收系统的独特性,结合纵波和横波在不同分量上的极性关系,利用高分辨率Radon正反变换方法,研制了τ-p域纵横波波场分离方法,并编程现实。对理论模型和实际井间模型模拟数据进行处理,成功分离了纵横波波场。
在提取纵波波场基础上,根据已有井间地震处理系统的数据结构将波动方程有限差分偏移方法移植到井间地震数据处理中。从波动方程偏移基本原理出发,结合井间地震的特点,对井间剖面进行网格划分,利用射线追踪方法求取成像时间,利用有限差分方法对井间波场进行延拓,并应用成像条件,实现了有限差分逆时偏移算法。
模型试算和实际模拟资料处理结果表明:利用纵波波场进行成像能够更真实地反应地层产状,且其成像结果具有较高的分辨率和信噪比。
Nowdays seismic exploration technique enters the development stage of oilfiled fromoilfield prospecting stage, this gives rise to quick development of crosswell seismic tehcnique.How to get effective reflect wave from complex crosswell seismic record and crosswellseismic imaging are hot research point of crosswell seismic data processing. The acquisitionof 3C crosswell seismic, the separation of P and S waves, P waves component extracting, andwave equation imaging methods are all very important for crosswell seismic data processing.
Based on principle of high resolution frequency domain radon transform, forward andinverse transform of high resolution Radon transform are studied and designed according tothe characters of crosswell data such as: high sample rate, wide spectrum, high mainfrequency and large single shot data quantity. Corresponding processing program aredeveloped and various parameters are tested and adjusted. Considering the specific feature ofcrosswell seismic acquisition system and the difference of P and S wave in polar nature, weutilize high resolution forward/inverse radon transform to develop the P/S wavefieldseparation method in? ? p domain, and design corresponding program. Processing ofsimulated data of theoretical model and practical crosswell model separates P/S wavefieldsuccessfully.
In the basis of extracting P wavefield, depending on data structure of existing crosswellseismic processing system, we transplant wave equation finite-difference migration methodinto crosswell seismic data processing. Considering the character of crosswell seismic, wegrid the crosswell section, calculate imaging time by ray-tracing, use finite-difference methodto achieve crosswell wavefield reverse time continuation, and finally apply imaging conditionto get finite-difference reverse-time migration profile.
Processing results implies that: imaging from extracted P wavefiled can reflect actualattitude of strata more clearly than image from full P/S wavefield, the imaging results havehigh resolution and high S/N.
引文
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[3] Gerhard R. Pratt§,Richard M.. Seismic waveform inversion in the frequency domain,Part 2: Fault delineation in sediments using crosshole data. Geophysics,1999,64(3):902~914
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[5] Joe Wong. Crosshole seismic imaging for sulfide orebody delineation near Sudbury,Ontario,Canada.Geophysics,2000;65(6):1900~1907
[6] Deans S. R. The Radon transform and some of its applications[M]. News York:JhonWileyandSonsInc,1983
[7] Phinney R. A., Chowdhury K. R., Frazer L N. Transformation and analysis of recordsections[J].J.Geophysics.Res,1981,86(3):359-377
[8] Durrani T. S., Bisset . The Radon Transform and its properties[J] . Geophysics .1984,49(11):1180-1187
[9] Chapman C. J. Generalized Radon Transforms and slant stacks[J] . Geophysics J. Roy .Astr.S.oc.,1981,54(4):481-518
[10] Thorson J. R., Claerbout J. F.. Velocity stack and slant stack stochastic inversion[J]Geophysics,1985,50(12):2727-2741
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[12] Moster J. D., Mosher C. C.. Suppression of multiples reflection using thr Radontransform[J].Geophysics,1992,57(3):386-395
[13] Zhou B., Greenhalgh S. A.. Linear and parabolic z-p revisited[J]. Geophysics, 1994,59(8):1133-11149
[14] Qiang Li.High resolution hyperbolic Radon transform multiple removal . the universityofAlberta,2001
[15]吴律. ? ?p变换及应用.石油工业出版社,1993
[16]曹务祥,周国安.一种新的波场分离方法.石油物探,1997,36(4)
[17]李彦鹏,马在田.坐标拉伸后的线性拉冬变换法波场分离.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(5)
[18]张秉铭.固体液体分界面处P波和S波波场的分离.地球物理学进展，1999，14(4)
[19]胡天跃.多分量地震波波场分离研究，地球物理学报，2004，47(4)
[20]刘喜武.高分辨率Radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用.地球物理学进展，2004，19(1)
[21]吴律.层析基础及其在井间地震中的应用.北京石油工业出版社，1997
[22] Lazaratos, Spyros K., Rector, James W., Harris, Jerry M.. Schaack, Mark Varm,High-resolution, cross-well reflrction imaging: potential and technical difficulties,Geophysics,1993,V58(9): 1270-1280
[23] Khalil,Ashraf A.,Stewart, Robert A.,et al. Full-waveform processing and interpretation of1 kilohertyz cross-well seismic data ,Geophysics , 1993, V58(9): 1248-1256
[24] Smalley Nicholas, Harris J.. CDP stacking imaging of crosswell reflection. ExpandedAbstracts of 62nd SEG Mtg,1992
[25]严又生等.井间地震测量数据的反射波成像及解释.石油地球物理勘探，2000，35(1)：37~41
[26]宋建国.井间地震偏移速度扫描的反射波超级叠加技术.石油大学学报，1999，23(1)：23~26
[27] Claerbout J.F.地震物理数据处理基础.北京石油工业出版社，1976
[28] Samuel H., Gray, etal. Seismic migration problem and solutions. Geophysics, 2001,66(5):1622~1640
[29]刘喜武，刘洪。波动方程地震偏移成你方法的现状与进展。地球物理学进展,2002,17(4): 582~590
[30] Schneider W.A.. Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions.Geophysics,1978,43(1): 49~76
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