水文环境对西攀高速公路边坡滑坡工程影响的研究
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摘要
边坡问题是一个非常复杂的问题,它涉及到道桥工程、水利工程、建筑工程等诸多工程领域,因此,边坡稳定性研究一直是岩土工程界中一个重要研究内容。产生边坡失稳的原因是多方面的:有边坡本身地质构造、地形地貌、水文地质结构、斜坡的地形与微地形等内在原因;也有气候条件、降雨、冲刷、地下水位的变化、风化作用、地震、人类工程活动等外在原因。根据对大量边坡失稳原因的分析表明几乎所有的崩塌、滑坡都与水有关,特别是地下水的存在及变化往往是形成崩塌、滑坡等边坡失稳的主要条件。如瑞典、挪威和加拿大的天然滑坡,大都是由于覆盖层中地下水位的增加引起孔隙水压力增大而诱发的。而西攀高速公路沿线很多边坡、滑坡与红旗大堰、前进渠相邻,故地下水环境对西攀高速公路某些边坡工程的稳定起着主要作用,因此讨论边坡中地下水渗流场及地下水渗流场改变对边坡稳定的影响,对于边坡防护和整治工程具有重要的现实意义。本论文以国家自然基金西部重点项目“西部山区重大道路工程与环境相互作用机制”和“西攀高速公路地质灾害研究与对策”为背景;主要从数值模拟着手,针对西攀高速公路工程实践中提出的问题进行讨论,做了以下工作:
(1)客观分析了目前国内外渗流计算的现状和存在的问题;简述了边坡稳定分析理论和方法。
(2)运用室内离心模型实验和数值模拟两种手段,讨论了降雨入渗对边坡稳定的影响。
(3)调查西攀高速公路与前进渠、红旗大堰有关的边(滑)坡,统计受其影响的边(滑)坡情况。
(4)运用GEO—SLOPE软件模拟边坡地下水渗流场,讨论地下水位变化时、前进渠与边坡的相对位置发生改变时,边坡稳定性变化规律。
(5)以米易滑坡为工程依托,考察渗水盲洞对滑坡稳定性的影响,验证该滑坡工程拟用渗水盲洞降低地下水位措施的效果。
(6)以德昌滑坡为工程依托,考察仰斜孔排水对滑坡稳定性的影响。
(7)考察隧道工程与洞周水环境的相互作用,为合理选择地下水处理措施提供依据。
As an important research topic in rock and soil engineering, the stability analysis of slope, a ongoing complicated engineering problem, covers many engineering concerns, such as the highway and bridge engineering, the hydraulic and the constructional engineering, etc. The reasons for slide slopes may various in different situation. Some of them are related to intrinsic characteristics of the slopes, among which are the geologic structures, the terrain landform, the hydrology geology structure and the micro-landform. At the same time, the outer influencing factors, like climatic conditions, precipitation, soil erosion, change of water table, weathering action, earthquakes and human activities, also play important roles in the stability of slope stability. According to the investigation and analysis of unstable slopes, it indicates that nearly all the landslides are water related, and that the existence and change of ground water are the main causes of landslide. The increasing pore-water pressures caused by the change of water level in the overburden layer is the main reason of inducing many natural landslides in Sweden, Norwegian and Canada.With their special locations adjacent to HongQi Dam and QianJin Ditch, the side slopes at PanXi Highway are greatly influenced by the potential ground water around. Therefore, the researches of seepage actions and transformations of ground water on the fencing and treating measurements of slopes are of great importance. Based on the national natural funding research projects "mechanism between the environment and significant road engineering projects in west mountainous China" and "researches and countermeasures on PanXi Highway geology disaster", this paper mainly focus on the numerical simulation of side slopes and carry on the discussion of solving the problems proposed from the field project practice. The main contents of this paper come as follows.(1) It conducts a literature review of the present domestic and foreign seepage computation methods and summarizes the present analytical theories and solutions of slope stability analysis.(2) By means of laboratory centrifuge model experiments and numerical
simulates, this paper discusses the influence of precipitation seepage on the stability of slope.(3) After the investigations of slide slopes together with the HongQi Dam .Qianjin Ditch in Panxi Highway, it illustrates the effect seepage Ditchis acceptd in the statistics Slanting situation.(4) the seepage actions of side slope ground water are simulated using GEOSLOPE. Then the rules of slope stability are discussed when the ground water level and the relative position between Qianjin Ditch and the slide slope have changed.(5) Taking the MiYi landslide as the project background , the paper also simulates the movements of ground water seepage field after the construction of seep blind-holes. It proves that the application of blind-holes at MiYi slideslope in Panxi Highway is a feasible and practical way to lower the ground water level.(6) Taking the De Chang landslide as the project background, the paper inspects the influence of horizontal culvert on the stability of the landslide.(7) Reviewing the tunnel engineering and water environment mutual action,in the interest of the rightful selection groundwater handle step supply the foundation.
(1)客观分析了目前国内外渗流计算的现状和存在的问题;简述了边坡稳定分析理论和方法。
(2)运用室内离心模型实验和数值模拟两种手段,讨论了降雨入渗对边坡稳定的影响。
(3)调查西攀高速公路与前进渠、红旗大堰有关的边(滑)坡,统计受其影响的边(滑)坡情况。
(4)运用GEO—SLOPE软件模拟边坡地下水渗流场,讨论地下水位变化时、前进渠与边坡的相对位置发生改变时,边坡稳定性变化规律。
(5)以米易滑坡为工程依托,考察渗水盲洞对滑坡稳定性的影响,验证该滑坡工程拟用渗水盲洞降低地下水位措施的效果。
(6)以德昌滑坡为工程依托,考察仰斜孔排水对滑坡稳定性的影响。
(7)考察隧道工程与洞周水环境的相互作用,为合理选择地下水处理措施提供依据。
As an important research topic in rock and soil engineering, the stability analysis of slope, a ongoing complicated engineering problem, covers many engineering concerns, such as the highway and bridge engineering, the hydraulic and the constructional engineering, etc. The reasons for slide slopes may various in different situation. Some of them are related to intrinsic characteristics of the slopes, among which are the geologic structures, the terrain landform, the hydrology geology structure and the micro-landform. At the same time, the outer influencing factors, like climatic conditions, precipitation, soil erosion, change of water table, weathering action, earthquakes and human activities, also play important roles in the stability of slope stability. According to the investigation and analysis of unstable slopes, it indicates that nearly all the landslides are water related, and that the existence and change of ground water are the main causes of landslide. The increasing pore-water pressures caused by the change of water level in the overburden layer is the main reason of inducing many natural landslides in Sweden, Norwegian and Canada.With their special locations adjacent to HongQi Dam and QianJin Ditch, the side slopes at PanXi Highway are greatly influenced by the potential ground water around. Therefore, the researches of seepage actions and transformations of ground water on the fencing and treating measurements of slopes are of great importance. Based on the national natural funding research projects "mechanism between the environment and significant road engineering projects in west mountainous China" and "researches and countermeasures on PanXi Highway geology disaster", this paper mainly focus on the numerical simulation of side slopes and carry on the discussion of solving the problems proposed from the field project practice. The main contents of this paper come as follows.(1) It conducts a literature review of the present domestic and foreign seepage computation methods and summarizes the present analytical theories and solutions of slope stability analysis.(2) By means of laboratory centrifuge model experiments and numerical
simulates, this paper discusses the influence of precipitation seepage on the stability of slope.(3) After the investigations of slide slopes together with the HongQi Dam .Qianjin Ditch in Panxi Highway, it illustrates the effect seepage Ditchis acceptd in the statistics Slanting situation.(4) the seepage actions of side slope ground water are simulated using GEOSLOPE. Then the rules of slope stability are discussed when the ground water level and the relative position between Qianjin Ditch and the slide slope have changed.(5) Taking the MiYi landslide as the project background , the paper also simulates the movements of ground water seepage field after the construction of seep blind-holes. It proves that the application of blind-holes at MiYi slideslope in Panxi Highway is a feasible and practical way to lower the ground water level.(6) Taking the De Chang landslide as the project background, the paper inspects the influence of horizontal culvert on the stability of the landslide.(7) Reviewing the tunnel engineering and water environment mutual action,in the interest of the rightful selection groundwater handle step supply the foundation.
引文
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[2] 黄春峨,龚小南.条分法和有限元法相结合分析渗流作用下的基坑边坡稳定分析,水利学报,2001,(3),6～10。
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[5] 邵龙潭等.有限元边坡稳定分析方法及应用,计算力学学报,2001.2,18(1)。
[6] 郑颖人等.边坡稳定分析中的一些进展,2001.12,21(4)。
[7] 郑宏等.求解安全系数的有限元法,岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):626～628。
[8] 连镇营等.强度折减有限元研究开挖边坡的稳定性,岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):407～411。
[9] 姚耀武等.土坡可靠度分析,岩土工程学报,1994,16(2):80～87。
[10] 手昶熙,李吉庆,段宝祥,渗流作用下土坡圆弧滑动有限元法计算,岩土工程学报,2001,23(6):746～752。
[11] 葛孝椿,关于“渗流作用下土坡圆弧滑动有限元法计算”的讨论之三,岩土工程学报,2002,28(3):398～399。
[12] 手昶熙,陈平,李祖贻等,渗流作用下的坝坡稳定有限单元法分析,岩土工程学报,1982,4(3):87～106。
[13] 手昶熙,李吉庆,土坡渗流整体稳定分析与控制,人民长江,1990(12)。
[14] 焦永斌,吴祥松,刘小生,应用有限元法求解有渗流的边坡稳定性问题,南方冶金学院学报,2003,1(1):49～53。
[15] 彭华,陈宏胜,饱和-非饱和岩土非稳定渗流有限元分析研究,水动力学研究与进展,2002,4(2):253～259。
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[17] 徐书平,喻国安,有限单元法在渗流分析中的运用[J],勘察科学技术, 2000,6:24～26。
[18] 文丽娜,冯义从,邬玉娟,攀西地区昔格达地层边坡稳定性评价,四川建筑,2004,6:45～46。
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[21] 孙伟,龚晓南,土坡稳定分析强度折减有限元法,科技通报,2003,7:319～322。
[22] 朱伯芳,有限元法原理与应用[M].北京:中国水利出版社,1998.333～337。
[23] 李春华,稳定渗流的有限元计算和决定自由面位置的一种方法,科学研究论文集第八集,北京:水利电力出版社,1982。
[24] 易念平,吴恒,张信贵等,确定边坡最危险滑动面的计算机模拟,工程地质学报,2002,10(3):326～330。
[25] 丰定祥,吴家秀,葛修润.边坡稳定性分析中几个问题的探讨[J].岩土工程学报,1990,12(3):1～9。
[26] 罗晓晖,深基坑开挖渗流与应力耦合分析[J].工程勘察,996,(6):37～41。
[27] 黄润秋,戚国庆,非饱和渗流基质吸力对边坡稳定性的影响,工程地质学报,2002,10(4):343～348。
[28] 张蔚榛,地下水与土壤水动力学[M].北京:中国水利出版社,1996。
[29] 胡云进,速宝玉,詹美礼.裂隙岩体非饱和渗流研究综述[J].河海大学学报,2000,,28(1):45～51。
[30] 胡云进.裂隙非饱和渗流研究及有地表入渗的裂隙岩体饱和非饱和渗流数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):373～373。
[40] 贝尔著.多孔介质流体动力学[M].张朝琛等译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983。
[41] 谢兴华,隧道外水压力确定的渗流分析方法及排水方案比较,岩石力学与工程学报,2002,12:2375～2378。
[42] 张培文,刘德富,黄达海,宋玉普,饱和.非饱和非稳定渗流的数值模拟,岩土力学,2003,12:927～930。
[43] 吴梦喜,高莲士.饱和.非饱和土体非稳定渗流数值分析[J].水利学报,1999.12:38—42。
[44] 王小章,非稳定渗流及其作用下的边坡稳定性数值模拟,西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2004。
[45] 姜朴.刘立钰.几种土工问题的离心模型试验.水利学报.1985。
[46] 周顺华.离心模型试验相似律研究[J].上海铁道学院学报,1992,(4)。
[47] 濮家骝.土工离心模型试验及其应用的发展趋势[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(5),92～94。
[48] 杜延龄.土工离心模型试验基本原理及其若干基本模拟技术研究.水利学报,1993,8,19～27。
[49] 汪小刚等.用离心模型研究岩石边坡的倾倒破坏.岩土工程学报,1996,18(5),14～21。
[50] 王思敬,黄鼎成主编.攀西地区环境工程地质.北京:海洋出版社,1990。
[51] 陆亦庄,土坡稳定分析瑞典法最危险圆弧圆心轨迹的探求.路基工程,1997,(2):3～10。
[52] 潘家铮.建筑物的抗滑稳定和滑坡分析[.].北京:水利出版社,1980
[53] 张国祥.土体最危险破坏面确定方法[J].铁道工程学报,996,4(4):55～60。
[2] 黄春峨,龚小南.条分法和有限元法相结合分析渗流作用下的基坑边坡稳定分析,水利学报,2001,(3),6～10。
[3] 钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算(第二版),北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996。
[4] 张天宝.土坡稳定分析与土工建筑物的边坡设计,成都:成都科技大学出版社,987。
[5] 邵龙潭等.有限元边坡稳定分析方法及应用,计算力学学报,2001.2,18(1)。
[6] 郑颖人等.边坡稳定分析中的一些进展,2001.12,21(4)。
[7] 郑宏等.求解安全系数的有限元法,岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):626～628。
[8] 连镇营等.强度折减有限元研究开挖边坡的稳定性,岩土工程学报,2001,23(4):407～411。
[9] 姚耀武等.土坡可靠度分析,岩土工程学报,1994,16(2):80～87。
[10] 手昶熙,李吉庆,段宝祥,渗流作用下土坡圆弧滑动有限元法计算,岩土工程学报,2001,23(6):746～752。
[11] 葛孝椿,关于“渗流作用下土坡圆弧滑动有限元法计算”的讨论之三,岩土工程学报,2002,28(3):398～399。
[12] 手昶熙,陈平,李祖贻等,渗流作用下的坝坡稳定有限单元法分析,岩土工程学报,1982,4(3):87～106。
[13] 手昶熙,李吉庆,土坡渗流整体稳定分析与控制,人民长江,1990(12)。
[14] 焦永斌,吴祥松,刘小生,应用有限元法求解有渗流的边坡稳定性问题,南方冶金学院学报,2003,1(1):49～53。
[15] 彭华,陈宏胜,饱和-非饱和岩土非稳定渗流有限元分析研究,水动力学研究与进展,2002,4(2):253～259。
[16] 王勖成,邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1997,3。
[17] 徐书平,喻国安,有限单元法在渗流分析中的运用[J],勘察科学技术, 2000,6:24～26。
[18] 文丽娜,冯义从,邬玉娟,攀西地区昔格达地层边坡稳定性评价,四川建筑,2004,6:45～46。
[19] 王士天,严明,黄润秋.高边坡变形破坏机制及稳定性评价[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1994。
[20] 孙役,王恩志,黄远智,暴雨入渗下裂隙岩体边坡渗流及稳定分析,水利水电科技,1999,5:38～40。
[21] 孙伟,龚晓南,土坡稳定分析强度折减有限元法,科技通报,2003,7:319～322。
[22] 朱伯芳,有限元法原理与应用[M].北京:中国水利出版社,1998.333～337。
[23] 李春华,稳定渗流的有限元计算和决定自由面位置的一种方法,科学研究论文集第八集,北京:水利电力出版社,1982。
[24] 易念平,吴恒,张信贵等,确定边坡最危险滑动面的计算机模拟,工程地质学报,2002,10(3):326～330。
[25] 丰定祥,吴家秀,葛修润.边坡稳定性分析中几个问题的探讨[J].岩土工程学报,1990,12(3):1～9。
[26] 罗晓晖,深基坑开挖渗流与应力耦合分析[J].工程勘察,996,(6):37～41。
[27] 黄润秋,戚国庆,非饱和渗流基质吸力对边坡稳定性的影响,工程地质学报,2002,10(4):343～348。
[28] 张蔚榛,地下水与土壤水动力学[M].北京:中国水利出版社,1996。
[29] 胡云进,速宝玉,詹美礼.裂隙岩体非饱和渗流研究综述[J].河海大学学报,2000,,28(1):45～51。
[30] 胡云进.裂隙非饱和渗流研究及有地表入渗的裂隙岩体饱和非饱和渗流数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):373～373。
[40] 贝尔著.多孔介质流体动力学[M].张朝琛等译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983。
[41] 谢兴华,隧道外水压力确定的渗流分析方法及排水方案比较,岩石力学与工程学报,2002,12:2375～2378。
[42] 张培文,刘德富,黄达海,宋玉普,饱和.非饱和非稳定渗流的数值模拟,岩土力学,2003,12:927～930。
[43] 吴梦喜,高莲士.饱和.非饱和土体非稳定渗流数值分析[J].水利学报,1999.12:38—42。
[44] 王小章,非稳定渗流及其作用下的边坡稳定性数值模拟,西安理工大学硕士学位论文,2004。
[45] 姜朴.刘立钰.几种土工问题的离心模型试验.水利学报.1985。
[46] 周顺华.离心模型试验相似律研究[J].上海铁道学院学报,1992,(4)。
[47] 濮家骝.土工离心模型试验及其应用的发展趋势[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(5),92～94。
[48] 杜延龄.土工离心模型试验基本原理及其若干基本模拟技术研究.水利学报,1993,8,19～27。
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