复合材料锚杆螺纹螺帽接触有限元数值模拟与实验研究
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摘要
传统制作锚杆尾部螺纹螺帽的材料是钢,钢材成本高、易腐蚀、经常卷入综采设备损坏采煤机刀具、安装时易产生火花。因此,本文提出“用玻璃钢复合材料代替钢材制作锚杆尾部螺纹螺帽”。为解决复合材料锚杆螺纹螺帽联接的强度和刚度问题,本文考虑锚杆外螺纹与螺帽内螺纹之间间隙大小的影响和螺帽长度的影响等因素,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS分别对复合材料锚杆螺纹单螺帽联接和双螺帽联接在间隙配合时,轴向载荷作用下的应力场、位移场进行接触有限元数值模拟。制作样品,进行实验。最后,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对锚杆螺帽一体结构锚杆轴向载荷作用下的应力场、位移场进行有限元数值模拟。
论文研究结果表明:
(1)复合材料锚杆外螺纹与螺帽内螺纹之间的间隙大小对复合材料锚杆螺纹螺帽联接的力学性能没有太大的影响。螺帽长度选择应包含有8个完整的螺纹牙,前三个牙承担了全部载荷的70%,第八圈以后牙齿几乎不承受载荷。
(2)改变螺帽结构并不能改善锚杆上的应力分布,但能改善螺帽上的应力分布。双螺帽结构螺帽上应力最大值要小于单螺帽结构螺帽,且分布更加均匀。无论是复合材料单螺帽结构还是双螺帽结构锚杆螺纹螺帽联接,最大应力均发生在锚杆与螺帽相互接触的第一个螺纹牙根部,最大应力没有超出煤炭行业标准要求的许用应力,能满足强度要求。最大位移发生在螺帽的承载端部分,最大位移在合理的变形范围内能满足刚度要求。复合材料锚杆螺纹螺帽联接能够达到煤炭行业使用标准。
(3)实验结果表明复合材料锚杆螺纹螺帽联接最大承载力为60KN(根据煤炭行业标准最大承载要求50KN再加20%的安全量得来)能够达到煤炭行业使用标准,进一步验证了数值模拟结果的正确性。
(4)锚杆螺帽一体结构在受载时锚杆螺帽过渡处存在应力集中,并且能够通过选择合适的过渡圆角半径得到改善。锚杆螺帽一体结构承载能力要高于锚杆螺纹螺帽联接,但在工程实际使用过程中初锚固力施加无法满足要求。
The traditional material to manufacture bolt thread nuts in the rear part of anchor rods is steel. However, steel products cost high, are easy to corrode, are frequently drawn into the synthesis equipment to damage the cutting tool in a coal mining machine, are easy to produce spark when installed. Therefore, this article proposes" replacing steel to manufacture bolt thread nuts in the rear part of anchor rods with glass fiber of reinforced and composite material" in order to solve the problems of joint intensity and rigidity of bolt thread nuts and anchor rods with composite materials. This article takes factors such as the influence of gap size between the external screw thread of an anchor rod and inside cap nut box thread and the influence of cap nut length into account, makes use of finite element analysis software ANSYS to make separate value simulation of touching and finite elements of the stress field and bias field under axial load function during gap coordination between single and double cap nut joints of anchor rod threads with composite materials, to make samples and carry on experiments, and finally make value simulation of finite elements of the stress field and bias field of an anchor rod cap nut body structure under rod axial load function with the utility of finite element analysis software ANSYS.
The paper findings indicate that:
(1) The cap size of external screw thread of anchor rod and inside screw thread of cap nut box with composite materials exerts little influence on mechanics property of the joint between anchor rod bolt thread and cap nut with composite materials. The choice of cap nut length should contain 8 complete thread teeth, the first three teeth undertake 70% total load, and teeth after the eighty round withstand little load.
(2) Changing cap nut structure cannot improve the stress distribution on the anchor, but can improve the stress distribution on the cap nut.
On the double nut structure, the stress maximum value on cap nut must be smaller than cap nut of single cap nut structure the distribution should be evener as well. The biggest stress of the joint of bolt thread nut, regardless of single and double cap nut structure with composite materials, occurs at the tooth root of a bolt thread where anchor rod and cap nut contact mutually, and should not surpass the allowable stress according to the coal profession standard request to satisfy the intensity request. The biggest displacement occurs in the load bearing end part of cap nut and satisfies the rigidity request in reasonable distortion scope. The joint of anchor rod bolt thread nut with composite materials meets the utility standard of the coal profession.
(3) Experimental results indicate that the greatest supporting capacity of the joint of anchor rod thread cap nut with composite materials is 60 KN (50KN according to the greatest supporting capacity regulated by the coal profession standard plus 20% security quantity) to meet the using standard regulated by the coal profession which further confirms the accuracy of value simulation results.
(4) There is stress concentration in the joint of anchor rod cap nut when the body joint of anchor rod cap nut is being loaded and can be improved through choosing the appropriately excessive radius curvature. The bearing capacity of the body joint of anchor rod cap nut must be higher than the joint of anchor rod thread cap nut. However, the infliction of the anchorage force is unable to meet requirements during the actual utility of a project.
论文研究结果表明:
(1)复合材料锚杆外螺纹与螺帽内螺纹之间的间隙大小对复合材料锚杆螺纹螺帽联接的力学性能没有太大的影响。螺帽长度选择应包含有8个完整的螺纹牙,前三个牙承担了全部载荷的70%,第八圈以后牙齿几乎不承受载荷。
(2)改变螺帽结构并不能改善锚杆上的应力分布,但能改善螺帽上的应力分布。双螺帽结构螺帽上应力最大值要小于单螺帽结构螺帽,且分布更加均匀。无论是复合材料单螺帽结构还是双螺帽结构锚杆螺纹螺帽联接,最大应力均发生在锚杆与螺帽相互接触的第一个螺纹牙根部,最大应力没有超出煤炭行业标准要求的许用应力,能满足强度要求。最大位移发生在螺帽的承载端部分,最大位移在合理的变形范围内能满足刚度要求。复合材料锚杆螺纹螺帽联接能够达到煤炭行业使用标准。
(3)实验结果表明复合材料锚杆螺纹螺帽联接最大承载力为60KN(根据煤炭行业标准最大承载要求50KN再加20%的安全量得来)能够达到煤炭行业使用标准,进一步验证了数值模拟结果的正确性。
(4)锚杆螺帽一体结构在受载时锚杆螺帽过渡处存在应力集中,并且能够通过选择合适的过渡圆角半径得到改善。锚杆螺帽一体结构承载能力要高于锚杆螺纹螺帽联接,但在工程实际使用过程中初锚固力施加无法满足要求。
The traditional material to manufacture bolt thread nuts in the rear part of anchor rods is steel. However, steel products cost high, are easy to corrode, are frequently drawn into the synthesis equipment to damage the cutting tool in a coal mining machine, are easy to produce spark when installed. Therefore, this article proposes" replacing steel to manufacture bolt thread nuts in the rear part of anchor rods with glass fiber of reinforced and composite material" in order to solve the problems of joint intensity and rigidity of bolt thread nuts and anchor rods with composite materials. This article takes factors such as the influence of gap size between the external screw thread of an anchor rod and inside cap nut box thread and the influence of cap nut length into account, makes use of finite element analysis software ANSYS to make separate value simulation of touching and finite elements of the stress field and bias field under axial load function during gap coordination between single and double cap nut joints of anchor rod threads with composite materials, to make samples and carry on experiments, and finally make value simulation of finite elements of the stress field and bias field of an anchor rod cap nut body structure under rod axial load function with the utility of finite element analysis software ANSYS.
The paper findings indicate that:
(1) The cap size of external screw thread of anchor rod and inside screw thread of cap nut box with composite materials exerts little influence on mechanics property of the joint between anchor rod bolt thread and cap nut with composite materials. The choice of cap nut length should contain 8 complete thread teeth, the first three teeth undertake 70% total load, and teeth after the eighty round withstand little load.
(2) Changing cap nut structure cannot improve the stress distribution on the anchor, but can improve the stress distribution on the cap nut.
On the double nut structure, the stress maximum value on cap nut must be smaller than cap nut of single cap nut structure the distribution should be evener as well. The biggest stress of the joint of bolt thread nut, regardless of single and double cap nut structure with composite materials, occurs at the tooth root of a bolt thread where anchor rod and cap nut contact mutually, and should not surpass the allowable stress according to the coal profession standard request to satisfy the intensity request. The biggest displacement occurs in the load bearing end part of cap nut and satisfies the rigidity request in reasonable distortion scope. The joint of anchor rod bolt thread nut with composite materials meets the utility standard of the coal profession.
(3) Experimental results indicate that the greatest supporting capacity of the joint of anchor rod thread cap nut with composite materials is 60 KN (50KN according to the greatest supporting capacity regulated by the coal profession standard plus 20% security quantity) to meet the using standard regulated by the coal profession which further confirms the accuracy of value simulation results.
(4) There is stress concentration in the joint of anchor rod cap nut when the body joint of anchor rod cap nut is being loaded and can be improved through choosing the appropriately excessive radius curvature. The bearing capacity of the body joint of anchor rod cap nut must be higher than the joint of anchor rod thread cap nut. However, the infliction of the anchorage force is unable to meet requirements during the actual utility of a project.
引文
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[15]高连新,金烨,史交齐.螺纹套管接头应力分布规律研究.机械强度,2004,26(1):42-48.
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[2] Goodier J N.Distribution of load in threads of screws.Trans.ASME62,A 10-A16,1940.
[3] Stoeckly E E,Macke H J.Effectual taper on screw thread load distribution.Trans. ASME.1952,74:103-112.
[4] Kenny B,Patterson E A.Load and stress distribution in screw threads.Experimental Mechanics.1985,25:208-213.
[5] Sopwith D G.The distribution of load in screw threads.Proc.Inst.Mech.Engrs. 1948,159;373-383,319-398.
[6] Bretl J L,Cook R D.Modeling the load transfer in threaded connections by the finite Element method.Int.J.Num.Mech.Eng.1979,14:1359-1377.
[7] Fessler H,Jobson P K.Stress in a bottoming stud assembly with chamfers at the end of the threads.J.Strain Anal.1983,18:15-22.
[8] Hetenyi M.The distribution of stress in threaded connections.Exp.Stress Anal. 1943,1:147-156.
[9] Miller D L,Marshek K M,Naji M R.Determination of load distribution in a threaded Connection.Mech.Mach.Theory.1983,18:421-430.
[10]阎铁,范森,石德勒.钻铤螺纹联接处载荷分布规律研究.石油学报,1996, 17(3):116-112.
[11]张焱,陈平,施太和.深井中钻铤螺纹联接的强度研究.探矿工程,1998,5:21-23.
[12] Tanaka I,Miyazama H,Hongo K.Application of the finite element method to bolt-nut joints-fundamental studies on analysis of bolt-nut joints using the finite element method.Bulletin of the JSME,1981,24:1064-1071.
[13]赵华.螺纹管接头的弹塑性应力分析.机械工程学报,1997,33(1):87-92.
[14]习俊通,聂钢,梅雪松等.管螺纹接头连接性能的接触有限元分析.西安交通大学学报,1999,33(11):63-66.
[15]高连新,金烨,史交齐.螺纹套管接头应力分布规律研究.机械强度,2004,26(1):42-48.
[16]李润方,林滕蛟,唐倩等.石油钻杆联接螺纹弹塑性接触有限元分析.石油矿场机械,1998,27(6):44-46.
[17]薛强,苗德华.钢轨接头螺栓的有限元应力集中分析.铁道标准设计,2004, 4:69 -72.
[18]高连新,金烨,张毅.优化套管螺纹载荷分布特性的方法.机械科学与技术,2003,22:28-31.
[19]范志超,杨晓翔,蒋家羚.抽油机井油管接头弹塑性接触有限元分析.机械强度,2002,24 (2):298-301.
[20]刘雄亚,晏石林.复合材料制品设计及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2002.
[21] C D拉德,K N朗等著.王继辉,李新华译.复合材料模塑成型技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[22]李顺林.复合材料结构设计基础.武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,1993.
[23]王冬春.玻璃纤维复合材料的发展及其着色.化工新型材料,2005,33(7):66-67.
[24]宋焕成,张佐光.混杂纤维复合材料.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1989.
[25]李顺林.复合材料力学引论.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1981.
[26]沃丁柱.复合材料大全.北京:化学工业出版社.
[27]李国莱.合成树脂及玻璃钢.北京:化学工业出版社,1995.
[28]魏同、张先尘、王玉浚.中国煤炭开发战略研究.太原:山西科学技术出版社,1995.
[29]陈炎光、陈翼飞主编.中国煤矿开拓系统.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1996.
[30]徐永圻.国内外采煤技术的现状及发展.煤矿技术,1996,(2):2～6.
[31]李世平、吴振业等.岩石力学简明教程.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1999.
[32]杨振茂.新型玻璃钢锚杆研究.中国矿业大学,2000.
[33]范世平,丁全录.玻璃钢锚杆的应用研究.煤炭科学技术,1996,24(9):04～07.
[33]程良奎.深基坑支护的新进展.岩土锚杆新技术论文集.北京:人民交通出版社,1998.
[35]中国腐蚀与防护学会,李国莱等.合成树脂及玻璃钢(修订版) .北京:化学工业出版社,1995.
[36] Jonathan P.Furniss and David J.Reddish.A Study of the Performance of Glass FibreRock Reinforcement Components [R].The Sixteenth Conference on Ground Control in Mining,Lakeview Resort and Confer2ence Center,Morgantown,West Virginia ,West Virginia University De2partment of Mining Engineering,August 3-6,1997.
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