Smith简化方法计算船体总纵极限强度承载过程可视化研究
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摘要
在当今全球经济一体化的情形下,世界造船形势持续火爆,全世界的造船业达到了一个前所未有的高度,我国也制定了一个要在2015年成为世界第一造船大国的远景方案,可以说,我国造船业还有很大的发展空间。在保证安全性的基本前提下,制造出更有经济性的船舶成了世界造船市场的迫切需求。船体总纵极限强度是在建造船舶时的重要考虑因素,为了更好地了解船体在垂向弯曲承载条件下从线性一直到后屈曲整个的破坏过程,本文提出了船体总纵极限强度计算承载破坏过程的可视化这个课题,在当前形势下有一定的现实意义。
目前主要计算船体总纵极限强度的方法有理想结构单元法、有限元计算方法、Smith简化计算方法等,作者在大量阅读国内外相关方面的文献的基础上,对以上几中方法进行比较后选择以Smith简化计算方法来计算某大型船舶的总纵极限强度。由于计算结果数据量较大,很难直观地看出整个船体在整个承载过程中弯矩、中和轴以及横截面单元应力之间的相互变化情况,所以有必要对其进行一些可视化的研究处理。在可视化处理领域,OpenGL已经成为3D图形处理的标准接口,许多大型的著名结构计算和三维建模软件均是采用OpenGL为图形接口。本文结合当前可视化的发展趋势,采用以VC++为设计平台、OpenGL为图形接口开发MFC应用程序来完成本次可视化任务。
最后,本文对某一大型油轮实例进行可视化计算,输出了弯矩、曲率、横截面应力变化动画。
With the increasingly development of global economy cooperation, the spring of shipbuilding has became. Several years ago, our government made a long-term plan which showed the ambition of becoming the biggest shipbuilding country in 2015. Obviously, shipbuilding of China will grow rapidly. In the basic premise of safety, the lower weight ship is the ship-owner’s favorite ship type. At the same time, hull longitudinal ultimate strength is an important factor to be considered during ship designing. For a good knowledge of the whole collapse process being bended vertically, this article proposes the concept of visualization of the process of calculating hull longitudinal ultimate strength by Smith’s method.
Now, there are main three kinds of method to calculate the longitudinal ultimate strength of ship hull: idealized structural unit method, nonlinear finite element method, and simplified Smith method. On the basis of extensive reading the literatures both domestic and overseas, the author selects simplified Smith method to calculating hull longitudinal ultimate strength. As a result of calculating, the result date is so large that it is difficult to know the truth of the collapse process. So it’s necessary to visualize the calculating results. In the area of visualization, OpenGL has became the standard graphic interface and been adopted by many famous FEA and 3D software designing company. So this article also selected OpenGL as the graphic interface in designing the graphic application program.
Finally, the thesis analyzed the oil tanker with simplified Smith method and outputted the results in OpenGL application program actively.
目前主要计算船体总纵极限强度的方法有理想结构单元法、有限元计算方法、Smith简化计算方法等,作者在大量阅读国内外相关方面的文献的基础上,对以上几中方法进行比较后选择以Smith简化计算方法来计算某大型船舶的总纵极限强度。由于计算结果数据量较大,很难直观地看出整个船体在整个承载过程中弯矩、中和轴以及横截面单元应力之间的相互变化情况,所以有必要对其进行一些可视化的研究处理。在可视化处理领域,OpenGL已经成为3D图形处理的标准接口,许多大型的著名结构计算和三维建模软件均是采用OpenGL为图形接口。本文结合当前可视化的发展趋势,采用以VC++为设计平台、OpenGL为图形接口开发MFC应用程序来完成本次可视化任务。
最后,本文对某一大型油轮实例进行可视化计算,输出了弯矩、曲率、横截面应力变化动画。
With the increasingly development of global economy cooperation, the spring of shipbuilding has became. Several years ago, our government made a long-term plan which showed the ambition of becoming the biggest shipbuilding country in 2015. Obviously, shipbuilding of China will grow rapidly. In the basic premise of safety, the lower weight ship is the ship-owner’s favorite ship type. At the same time, hull longitudinal ultimate strength is an important factor to be considered during ship designing. For a good knowledge of the whole collapse process being bended vertically, this article proposes the concept of visualization of the process of calculating hull longitudinal ultimate strength by Smith’s method.
Now, there are main three kinds of method to calculate the longitudinal ultimate strength of ship hull: idealized structural unit method, nonlinear finite element method, and simplified Smith method. On the basis of extensive reading the literatures both domestic and overseas, the author selects simplified Smith method to calculating hull longitudinal ultimate strength. As a result of calculating, the result date is so large that it is difficult to know the truth of the collapse process. So it’s necessary to visualize the calculating results. In the area of visualization, OpenGL has became the standard graphic interface and been adopted by many famous FEA and 3D software designing company. So this article also selected OpenGL as the graphic interface in designing the graphic application program.
Finally, the thesis analyzed the oil tanker with simplified Smith method and outputted the results in OpenGL application program actively.
引文
[1]王杰德,杨永谦.船体强度与结构设计.北京:国防工业出版社,1995.34~35
[2] John W. On the strength of iron ships. Trans The Institution of Naval Architects,1874,15: 74~93
[3]郭启全.计算机图形学教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.13~15
[4]尚游.OpenGL图形程序设计指南.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001. 22~23
[5]李文强,华祖耀.基于OpenGL的仿真可视化技术研究.计算机仿真,2005, 22:158~161
[6]和平鸽工作室编著.OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发(高级编程篇).北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.45~55
[7]李胜睿.计算机图形学试验教程(OpenGL版).北京:机械工业出版社,2004. 24~25
[8]陈铁云,王德禹,黄震球.船体结构终极承载能力,上海交通大学出版社,2005.41~45
[9] Caldwell J. B, Ultimate Longitudinal strength. Trans RINA,1965, 107: 411~430
[10] Smith M J, Pegg N G. Automated assessment of ultimate hull girder strength. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 125: 211~218
[11] Dowrs, Hugllrc, Clarkjd, Smiths, Evaluating of Ultimate Ship Hull Strength [A].Extreme Loads Response Symposium[C], Arlington, VA, October 19-20, 1981:133~148
[12] Chen Y K, Ultimate strength of ship structures. Trans SNAME,1983,91:149~168
[13] Yao T. Ultimate longitudinal strength of ship hull girder: historical review and state of the art. Proceedings of the IOPE, 1998, 5:9~38
[14] Yao T and Nikolov P I.Investigation into longitudinal strength of ship hull;historical review and state of the art.Trans of the WJSNA,1996,91: 221~252
[15] Yao T,Fujikubo M.Influence of welding imperfections on buckling/ ultimate strength of ship bottom plating subjected to combined biaxial thrust and lateral pressure.Thin-Walled Structure,Research and Development,1998: 425~432
[16]吴慧欣,毋建宏,薛惠锋.基于OpenGL的交互式三维建模仿真应用研究.计算机工程与设计,2006,27:376~378
[17]唐泽圣等.三维数据场可视化.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.124~143
[18]万斌.Visual C++ OpenGL DirectX三维动画编程宝典.北京:希望电子出版社,2003.87~93
[19]清华大学计算机系国家CAD工程制作中心.计算机图形学网络教程.北京:新世纪网络课程建设工程,2004:45~67
[20]魏伟波,刘军,陈涛等.基于OpenGL的火炮膛内压力变化的动画仿真.系统仿真学报,2006,18:666~668
[21]卓磊.地震勘探三维可视化方法研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2000
[22]李长春,戴国洪.基于VC++与OpenGL的三维图形环境的构建[J].电脑开发与应用,2004,17:24~28
[23]向世明,OpenGL编程与事例.电子工业出版社,1999.64~89
[24]乔林,费正广. OpenGL程序设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.218~235
[25] T.F. Wiegand, Interactive Rendering of CSG Models, Computer Graphics Forum volume 15,249-261 P,2004:102~114
[26] R.J. Carey, D. P. Greenberg. Textures for Realistic Image Synthesis. C&G, Vol.9 ,No .2 ,1995:84~103
[27]胡伟,王弘.如何在VC++用MFC进行OpenGL编程.计算机应用.2001,21:87~89
[28]赵秀丽.基于Windows的OpenGL应用程序的开发技术.海军航空工程学院学报,2005,20:661~663
[29]廖朵朵,张华军.OpenGL三维图形设计.星球地图出版社,1996.412~467
[30]张锦飞,催维成.理想化结构单元法的油船结构极限强度分析.中国造船,2003,44:27~35
[31]陈铁云,陶晨.船体的极限承载能力.上海交通大学学报.1996,30:72~78
[32]王杰德,熊建武.船体极限纵向强度及其统计量的计算.武汉交通科技大学学报.1997,21:17~21
[33]杨平,石城林.船体梁总纵极限强度的简化计算与参数分析.武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2003,27:589~592
[34]何福志,万正权.船体结构总纵极限强度的简化逐步破坏分析.船舶力学,2001,5:21~35
[35]邵文蛟.破舱情况下船体总强度分析.中国造船,1997,136:66~72
[36]唐万明.LNG运输船船体总纵极限承载能力研究.华中科技大学硕士论文,2005
[37]休斯著,张祥孝译.船舶结构设计.上海:华南理工大学出版社,1988.225~264
[38] Rutherford S E and Caldwell J B. Ultimate longitudinal strength of ships:A case study.Trans.SNAME,1990,98:441～472
[39] Fujikubo M, Yao T. Elastic local buckling strength of stiffened plate considering plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stress. Marine Structure,2002, 12:543~564
[40]严金勇.舰船加筋板平均应力应变关系计算系统开发.华中科技大学硕士论文,2006
[41]王兰美,赵继成,秦华东.OpenGL及其在VC++下的开发应用.武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,8:34~37
[42]张德强,关伟琪.用Gauss-Sedier迭代反算B样条曲线控制顶点进行几何造型.机械,2000,27:124~125
[43] Richard S Wright, Jr. Michael Swee. OpenGL超级宝典[M].潇湘工作室译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.178~224
[44] Jeff Molofee(NeHe).NeHe's OpenGL Tutorials:Lesson4,Lesson13.http://nehe. gamedev. net, 2003,4
[45] Richard S.Wright, Jr., Benjamin Lipchak. OpenGL Super Bible. Macmillan Computer Publishing,2005:89~91
[2] John W. On the strength of iron ships. Trans The Institution of Naval Architects,1874,15: 74~93
[3]郭启全.计算机图形学教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.13~15
[4]尚游.OpenGL图形程序设计指南.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001. 22~23
[5]李文强,华祖耀.基于OpenGL的仿真可视化技术研究.计算机仿真,2005, 22:158~161
[6]和平鸽工作室编著.OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发(高级编程篇).北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.45~55
[7]李胜睿.计算机图形学试验教程(OpenGL版).北京:机械工业出版社,2004. 24~25
[8]陈铁云,王德禹,黄震球.船体结构终极承载能力,上海交通大学出版社,2005.41~45
[9] Caldwell J. B, Ultimate Longitudinal strength. Trans RINA,1965, 107: 411~430
[10] Smith M J, Pegg N G. Automated assessment of ultimate hull girder strength. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 125: 211~218
[11] Dowrs, Hugllrc, Clarkjd, Smiths, Evaluating of Ultimate Ship Hull Strength [A].Extreme Loads Response Symposium[C], Arlington, VA, October 19-20, 1981:133~148
[12] Chen Y K, Ultimate strength of ship structures. Trans SNAME,1983,91:149~168
[13] Yao T. Ultimate longitudinal strength of ship hull girder: historical review and state of the art. Proceedings of the IOPE, 1998, 5:9~38
[14] Yao T and Nikolov P I.Investigation into longitudinal strength of ship hull;historical review and state of the art.Trans of the WJSNA,1996,91: 221~252
[15] Yao T,Fujikubo M.Influence of welding imperfections on buckling/ ultimate strength of ship bottom plating subjected to combined biaxial thrust and lateral pressure.Thin-Walled Structure,Research and Development,1998: 425~432
[16]吴慧欣,毋建宏,薛惠锋.基于OpenGL的交互式三维建模仿真应用研究.计算机工程与设计,2006,27:376~378
[17]唐泽圣等.三维数据场可视化.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.124~143
[18]万斌.Visual C++ OpenGL DirectX三维动画编程宝典.北京:希望电子出版社,2003.87~93
[19]清华大学计算机系国家CAD工程制作中心.计算机图形学网络教程.北京:新世纪网络课程建设工程,2004:45~67
[20]魏伟波,刘军,陈涛等.基于OpenGL的火炮膛内压力变化的动画仿真.系统仿真学报,2006,18:666~668
[21]卓磊.地震勘探三维可视化方法研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2000
[22]李长春,戴国洪.基于VC++与OpenGL的三维图形环境的构建[J].电脑开发与应用,2004,17:24~28
[23]向世明,OpenGL编程与事例.电子工业出版社,1999.64~89
[24]乔林,费正广. OpenGL程序设计.北京:清华大学出版社,2000.218~235
[25] T.F. Wiegand, Interactive Rendering of CSG Models, Computer Graphics Forum volume 15,249-261 P,2004:102~114
[26] R.J. Carey, D. P. Greenberg. Textures for Realistic Image Synthesis. C&G, Vol.9 ,No .2 ,1995:84~103
[27]胡伟,王弘.如何在VC++用MFC进行OpenGL编程.计算机应用.2001,21:87~89
[28]赵秀丽.基于Windows的OpenGL应用程序的开发技术.海军航空工程学院学报,2005,20:661~663
[29]廖朵朵,张华军.OpenGL三维图形设计.星球地图出版社,1996.412~467
[30]张锦飞,催维成.理想化结构单元法的油船结构极限强度分析.中国造船,2003,44:27~35
[31]陈铁云,陶晨.船体的极限承载能力.上海交通大学学报.1996,30:72~78
[32]王杰德,熊建武.船体极限纵向强度及其统计量的计算.武汉交通科技大学学报.1997,21:17~21
[33]杨平,石城林.船体梁总纵极限强度的简化计算与参数分析.武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2003,27:589~592
[34]何福志,万正权.船体结构总纵极限强度的简化逐步破坏分析.船舶力学,2001,5:21~35
[35]邵文蛟.破舱情况下船体总强度分析.中国造船,1997,136:66~72
[36]唐万明.LNG运输船船体总纵极限承载能力研究.华中科技大学硕士论文,2005
[37]休斯著,张祥孝译.船舶结构设计.上海:华南理工大学出版社,1988.225~264
[38] Rutherford S E and Caldwell J B. Ultimate longitudinal strength of ships:A case study.Trans.SNAME,1990,98:441～472
[39] Fujikubo M, Yao T. Elastic local buckling strength of stiffened plate considering plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stress. Marine Structure,2002, 12:543~564
[40]严金勇.舰船加筋板平均应力应变关系计算系统开发.华中科技大学硕士论文,2006
[41]王兰美,赵继成,秦华东.OpenGL及其在VC++下的开发应用.武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,8:34~37
[42]张德强,关伟琪.用Gauss-Sedier迭代反算B样条曲线控制顶点进行几何造型.机械,2000,27:124~125
[43] Richard S Wright, Jr. Michael Swee. OpenGL超级宝典[M].潇湘工作室译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.178~224
[44] Jeff Molofee(NeHe).NeHe's OpenGL Tutorials:Lesson4,Lesson13.http://nehe. gamedev. net, 2003,4
[45] Richard S.Wright, Jr., Benjamin Lipchak. OpenGL Super Bible. Macmillan Computer Publishing,2005:89~91
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