车用发动机配气机构动力学及其振动特性分析
摘要
配气机构是车用内燃机的重要组成部分,直接影响到其经济性、排放、振动噪声及可靠性。本文以洛阳北方工业集团LJ750发动机为具体的研究对象,对配气机构凸轮型线的设计,配气机构动力学以及振动情况,凸轮-挺柱副间的受力情况以及气门落座情况进行了研究。
论文首先对国内外科研工作者在车用发动机配气机构的动力学以及振动特性研究方面的研究成果作了概述,明确了本文研究工作的重点和需要解决的主要问题。着重研究了凸轮型线的优化设计,提出了用复合形法来求解最优的凸轮型线,并讨论了凸轮型线幂指数的变化对凸轮运动特性的影响。建立了配气机构的单质量,二质量,以及多质量模型,作为研究配气机构动力学以及振动特性分析的基础。重点推导了气门弹簧的数学模型,并分析了气门刚度的变化,配气机构的转速变化以及气门间隙的变化对机构受力的影响。在动力学基础之上,分析了配气机构的振动特性,对在实际的配气机构的刚度以及弹簧刚度的选取中提出了建议。应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对气门与气门座的碰撞进行了模拟分析。
The valve train is an important part of an engine, which influences the economy, emission,NVH and reliability performance directly. Aiming at the LJ750 engine made by the Luoyang north industry group, the cam profile design, dynamics, and vibration of the valve train is researched; the force between the cam—tappet pairs and between valve–valve seat are discussed as well.
First, the paper summarizes the research production of valve train dynamics and vibration in and out abroad, which is helpful in identifying the key problems. Secondly, special attention has been focused on the optimum design of cam profile, and approach of compound shape has been applied to the solution of optimum cam profile. Influence of the variety of power of the cam profile on the characteristics of cam movement has been discussed as well. Single mass model, two-mass model and multi-mass model of vehicle engine valve train have been established, which is the basis of analyzing dynamics and vibration of valve train. Particular attention was focused on the deduction of mathematic model of the valve spring, and the influence on the force exerted on the valve train made by the change of the valve stiffness, the change of the cam speed, and the change of the valve lash. The characteristics of the vibration are also analyzed on the biases of valve train dynamics. Suitable suggestions on the chosen of the stiffness of the valve train and the valve spring has also been put forward. Collision between valve face and valve seat has been simulated in the software environment of ANSYS/LS-DYNA.
论文首先对国内外科研工作者在车用发动机配气机构的动力学以及振动特性研究方面的研究成果作了概述,明确了本文研究工作的重点和需要解决的主要问题。着重研究了凸轮型线的优化设计,提出了用复合形法来求解最优的凸轮型线,并讨论了凸轮型线幂指数的变化对凸轮运动特性的影响。建立了配气机构的单质量,二质量,以及多质量模型,作为研究配气机构动力学以及振动特性分析的基础。重点推导了气门弹簧的数学模型,并分析了气门刚度的变化,配气机构的转速变化以及气门间隙的变化对机构受力的影响。在动力学基础之上,分析了配气机构的振动特性,对在实际的配气机构的刚度以及弹簧刚度的选取中提出了建议。应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件,对气门与气门座的碰撞进行了模拟分析。
The valve train is an important part of an engine, which influences the economy, emission,NVH and reliability performance directly. Aiming at the LJ750 engine made by the Luoyang north industry group, the cam profile design, dynamics, and vibration of the valve train is researched; the force between the cam—tappet pairs and between valve–valve seat are discussed as well.
First, the paper summarizes the research production of valve train dynamics and vibration in and out abroad, which is helpful in identifying the key problems. Secondly, special attention has been focused on the optimum design of cam profile, and approach of compound shape has been applied to the solution of optimum cam profile. Influence of the variety of power of the cam profile on the characteristics of cam movement has been discussed as well. Single mass model, two-mass model and multi-mass model of vehicle engine valve train have been established, which is the basis of analyzing dynamics and vibration of valve train. Particular attention was focused on the deduction of mathematic model of the valve spring, and the influence on the force exerted on the valve train made by the change of the valve stiffness, the change of the cam speed, and the change of the valve lash. The characteristics of the vibration are also analyzed on the biases of valve train dynamics. Suitable suggestions on the chosen of the stiffness of the valve train and the valve spring has also been put forward. Collision between valve face and valve seat has been simulated in the software environment of ANSYS/LS-DYNA.
引文
[1]尚汉冀.内燃机配气凸轮机构—设计与计算.上海:复旦大学出版社,1988.4.
[2]廖晓山主编.汽车发动机配气机构.吉林:吉林人民出版社,1981.11.
[3]徐兀主编.汽车发动机现代设计.北京:人民交通出版社,1995.
[4]徐波.摩托车发动机顶置凸轮机构的分析与研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆.2001.
[5]浦耿强,蒋国英,白羽.高速发动机配气机构凸轮设计.设计·研究,1998.4.
[6]陈家瑞主编.汽车构造.北京:人民交通出版社,2001.2.
[7]张德惠.现代发动机可变配气系统及电磁气门驱动机构.内蒙古民族大学学报,2004.6.
[8]张春化,边耀璋,解亚利.汽车发动机可变气门驱动机构.设计·研究,1996.
[9]贺玉海,汪志刚.发动机可变气门驱动的研究与进展.交通科技,2004.
[10]陈勤学,崔可润,朱国伟.可变气门系统的研究与发展.车用发动机,2002.6.
[11] Mark Sellnau and Eric Rask. Two-Step Variable Valve Actuation for Fuel Economy, Emissions, and Performance. SAE Paper,2003-01-0029.
[12] Peter Kreuter,Peter Heuser,Joachim reinicke—Murmann. Variable Valve Actuation—Switchable and Continuously Variable Valve Lifts.SAE Paper,2003-01-0026.
[13]徐锦康.机械优化设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1996.
[14]陈立周.机械优化设计方法.北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.
[15]赵玫.机械振动与噪声学.北京:科学出版社,2004.9.
[16] TYCON帮助文档.
[17]吴崇健.结构振动的WPA分析方法极其应用:[博士学位论文].2002.10.
[18] C.F.比尔兹,结构振动分析.北京:中国铁道出版社.1988.2.
[19]胡于进.结构有限元分析与应用讲义.
[20]蒋炎坤,刘志恩.基于高次多项式的高速气油机顶置凸轮特性研究.华中科技大学学报,2006.10.
[21] Hatch C T, Pisano A P. Modeling simulation and modal analysis of a hydraulicvalve lifter with oil compressibility effects [ J ] .Journal of Mechanical Design,1991,113(3):46-5.
[22] Yano H,Yabumoto J. The Behavior of Entrained Gas Bubbles in Engine Oil and the Development of Effective Gas-oil Separators[R].SAE paper,900812.
[23]赵雨东,陆际清,仝坤,葛青.液压气门间隙调节器及有间隙调节器的气门机构的研究.内燃机学报,2000(3).
[24] .曹卫彬,柳志远.液压挺柱与刚性挺住配气机构动力特性测试与分析.车用发动机,1997(1).
[25] Colombo T,Pagliarulo V.Computer Simulation of the Dynamic Behavior of the Overhead Camshafts Valve train Assembly with Hydraulic Lash Adjuster[R].FISITA paper,905174.
[26]隗金文,王慧主编.液压传动.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2001.12.
[27] D. Zou and H.E McCormick. Dynamic model and computer simulation of valve train assembly with hydraulic lash adjuster. SAE paper,960351.
[28] P.Porot and J.Trapy.A numerical and experimental study of the effect of aerations of oil on valve train equipped with hydraulic lash adjuster. SAE paper,930997.
[29] H. Mews et al. The dynamic simulation of valve trains with hydraulic lash adhuster.MTZ,1994.55 (3).
[30] .M. Adam et al.Application of numerical simulation for the analysis of the dynamic behavior of valve train system. International Journal of vehicle design, 1990.11(3):281~291.
[31]赵雨东,陆际清,葛青,仝坤.气门机构动力学模型中液压间隙调节器(HLA)的模拟.设计—计算—研究,1998(7).
[32]曹卫彬,柳志远.液压挺柱刚度值与阻尼值变化规律的测定及分析.内燃机学报,2000(1).
[33] .Nakano Y, Matsuoka S, Matsuura M. Development of HLA for High Speed Motorcycle Engine[R].SAE paper,830090.
[34] G.Mass, D.Schmidt, and W. Spell. Performance of Hydraulic Lash Adjusters with Regard to Valve Train noise at Cold Starts and Short Term Start. SAEpaper,900451.
[35]赵雨东,陆际清,仝坤.气门机构液压间隙调节器内机油混气量的估算.清华大学学报,000528.
[36]赵雨东,陆际清,仝坤,葛青.有直动式液压间隙调节器的气门机构的试验与计算分析.汽车工程,2000(4).
[37] R.L.Bregent , P.A.Porot, E.A.Monchaux, J.M.Cailliez. The SMAC, Under Pressure Oil Aeration Measurement System in Running Engines.SAE paper, 2000---01---1818.
[38] P. Kreutzer and G. Mass. Influence of hydraulic valve lash adjusters on the dynamic valve trains.SAE paper,870086.
[39]赵雨东,陆际清,仝坤,葛青.有直动式液压间隙调节器的气门机构的动力学模型.汽车工程,2000(3).
[40] .SEIDLITZ Steve. Valve Train Dynamics-A computer Study. SAE Paper, 890620.
[41]史万明主编.数值分析.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.8.
[42]李红主编.数值分析.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003.11.
[43]刘长安主编.数值分析教程.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2005.8.
[44] W. Hsu and A. P. Pisano. Modeling of a finger follower cam system with variegations in contact force. Journal of Mechanical Design,1991, 118(3):132~137.
[45] C. T. Hatch and A P. Pisano. Modeling, simulation, and model analysis of a hydraulic valve lifter with oil compressibility effects. Journal of Mechanical Design,1991, 113(3):46~54.
[46]尚晓江主编.ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[47]周睿.柴油机配气机构振动以及润滑特性研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉,华中科技大学图书馆,2006.
[2]廖晓山主编.汽车发动机配气机构.吉林:吉林人民出版社,1981.11.
[3]徐兀主编.汽车发动机现代设计.北京:人民交通出版社,1995.
[4]徐波.摩托车发动机顶置凸轮机构的分析与研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆.2001.
[5]浦耿强,蒋国英,白羽.高速发动机配气机构凸轮设计.设计·研究,1998.4.
[6]陈家瑞主编.汽车构造.北京:人民交通出版社,2001.2.
[7]张德惠.现代发动机可变配气系统及电磁气门驱动机构.内蒙古民族大学学报,2004.6.
[8]张春化,边耀璋,解亚利.汽车发动机可变气门驱动机构.设计·研究,1996.
[9]贺玉海,汪志刚.发动机可变气门驱动的研究与进展.交通科技,2004.
[10]陈勤学,崔可润,朱国伟.可变气门系统的研究与发展.车用发动机,2002.6.
[11] Mark Sellnau and Eric Rask. Two-Step Variable Valve Actuation for Fuel Economy, Emissions, and Performance. SAE Paper,2003-01-0029.
[12] Peter Kreuter,Peter Heuser,Joachim reinicke—Murmann. Variable Valve Actuation—Switchable and Continuously Variable Valve Lifts.SAE Paper,2003-01-0026.
[13]徐锦康.机械优化设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1996.
[14]陈立周.机械优化设计方法.北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.
[15]赵玫.机械振动与噪声学.北京:科学出版社,2004.9.
[16] TYCON帮助文档.
[17]吴崇健.结构振动的WPA分析方法极其应用:[博士学位论文].2002.10.
[18] C.F.比尔兹,结构振动分析.北京:中国铁道出版社.1988.2.
[19]胡于进.结构有限元分析与应用讲义.
[20]蒋炎坤,刘志恩.基于高次多项式的高速气油机顶置凸轮特性研究.华中科技大学学报,2006.10.
[21] Hatch C T, Pisano A P. Modeling simulation and modal analysis of a hydraulicvalve lifter with oil compressibility effects [ J ] .Journal of Mechanical Design,1991,113(3):46-5.
[22] Yano H,Yabumoto J. The Behavior of Entrained Gas Bubbles in Engine Oil and the Development of Effective Gas-oil Separators[R].SAE paper,900812.
[23]赵雨东,陆际清,仝坤,葛青.液压气门间隙调节器及有间隙调节器的气门机构的研究.内燃机学报,2000(3).
[24] .曹卫彬,柳志远.液压挺柱与刚性挺住配气机构动力特性测试与分析.车用发动机,1997(1).
[25] Colombo T,Pagliarulo V.Computer Simulation of the Dynamic Behavior of the Overhead Camshafts Valve train Assembly with Hydraulic Lash Adjuster[R].FISITA paper,905174.
[26]隗金文,王慧主编.液压传动.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2001.12.
[27] D. Zou and H.E McCormick. Dynamic model and computer simulation of valve train assembly with hydraulic lash adjuster. SAE paper,960351.
[28] P.Porot and J.Trapy.A numerical and experimental study of the effect of aerations of oil on valve train equipped with hydraulic lash adjuster. SAE paper,930997.
[29] H. Mews et al. The dynamic simulation of valve trains with hydraulic lash adhuster.MTZ,1994.55 (3).
[30] .M. Adam et al.Application of numerical simulation for the analysis of the dynamic behavior of valve train system. International Journal of vehicle design, 1990.11(3):281~291.
[31]赵雨东,陆际清,葛青,仝坤.气门机构动力学模型中液压间隙调节器(HLA)的模拟.设计—计算—研究,1998(7).
[32]曹卫彬,柳志远.液压挺柱刚度值与阻尼值变化规律的测定及分析.内燃机学报,2000(1).
[33] .Nakano Y, Matsuoka S, Matsuura M. Development of HLA for High Speed Motorcycle Engine[R].SAE paper,830090.
[34] G.Mass, D.Schmidt, and W. Spell. Performance of Hydraulic Lash Adjusters with Regard to Valve Train noise at Cold Starts and Short Term Start. SAEpaper,900451.
[35]赵雨东,陆际清,仝坤.气门机构液压间隙调节器内机油混气量的估算.清华大学学报,000528.
[36]赵雨东,陆际清,仝坤,葛青.有直动式液压间隙调节器的气门机构的试验与计算分析.汽车工程,2000(4).
[37] R.L.Bregent , P.A.Porot, E.A.Monchaux, J.M.Cailliez. The SMAC, Under Pressure Oil Aeration Measurement System in Running Engines.SAE paper, 2000---01---1818.
[38] P. Kreutzer and G. Mass. Influence of hydraulic valve lash adjusters on the dynamic valve trains.SAE paper,870086.
[39]赵雨东,陆际清,仝坤,葛青.有直动式液压间隙调节器的气门机构的动力学模型.汽车工程,2000(3).
[40] .SEIDLITZ Steve. Valve Train Dynamics-A computer Study. SAE Paper, 890620.
[41]史万明主编.数值分析.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.8.
[42]李红主编.数值分析.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003.11.
[43]刘长安主编.数值分析教程.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2005.8.
[44] W. Hsu and A. P. Pisano. Modeling of a finger follower cam system with variegations in contact force. Journal of Mechanical Design,1991, 118(3):132~137.
[45] C. T. Hatch and A P. Pisano. Modeling, simulation, and model analysis of a hydraulic valve lifter with oil compressibility effects. Journal of Mechanical Design,1991, 113(3):46~54.
[46]尚晓江主编.ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[47]周睿.柴油机配气机构振动以及润滑特性研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉,华中科技大学图书馆,2006.
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