江汉盆地东部中生代沉积物碎屑云母组成、锆石LA-ICPMS定年及其物源示踪
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摘要
江汉盆地夹持于江南造山带中段与东秦岭-大别造山带间,被认为是大别造
山带中生代同造山期的直接产物。大陆碰撞造山带折返与剥露过程,会在周缘盆
地内留下沉积记录,从而使这些盆地内沉积学的研究成为探索造山过程的有效途
径。碎屑白云母是碎屑岩中常见的、来自源区的稳定成分,可以用来指示源区性
质,多硅白云母是碰撞造山高压-超高压变质岩石的特征矿物,可以用于示踪山脉
高压-超高压岩石的去顶暴露。盆地碎屑沉积物中的锆石不但分布广泛,而且稳定
性极强,对盆地沉积地层锆石U-Pb年龄谱的测定是目前提取沉积物年龄信息的一
种重要方法,结合区域地质特征及周缘岩体出露情况可以对盆地不同时期的沉积
物源区进行示踪。我们通过对江汉盆地东部中生代沉积地层中碎屑白云母矿物成
分及碎屑锆石LA-ICP MS定年的研究,取得了如下主要认识:
(1)上三叠统该区地层砂岩中碎屑白云母多以低硅白云母(Si<3.2)为特征,暗
示此时大别造山带高压-超高压岩石很可能没有出露地表。
(2)自下侏罗统开始,砂岩中碎屑白云母中多硅白云母(Si>3.3)大量出现,中
侏罗统砂岩多硅和低硅白云母发育,表明大别高压-超高压岩石在早侏罗世即已出
露地表并经剥蚀搬运至盆地。
(3)在早侏罗世期间高压-超高压岩石对江汉盆地及与大别毗邻的其他盆地有
着重要的物源贡献;在中晚侏罗世江汉盆地沉积物中碎屑白云母中多硅白云母少
见,而在下扬子沿江和合肥山前盆地多见,表明尽管大别高压-超高压岩石仍暴露
地表,但其主要贡献于北麓的合肥盆地和东侧的下扬子沉积盆地,对江汉盆地的
贡献相对较少。
(4)晚三叠晚期到晚侏罗中期区内沉积物物源主要来自于华北陆块;除了晚三
叠晚期沉积物中扬子陆块物源贡献相对明显以外,其他时代地层来自于扬子陆块
的物源较少;在晚三叠晚期即已记录到与华北扬子俯冲碰撞或折返时间有关的年
龄信息,但相对占较大比例的时期在晚侏罗中期,大别山大规模高压-超高压岩石
出露地表接受去顶并暴露搬运至盆地沉积的时间在晚侏罗中期。
Jianghan Basin is located between Qinling-Dabie and Jiangnan Orogenic belt. It is considered production of collision orogen stage during Mesozoic time. Voluminous sedimentary materials were transited into the ambient basins and deposited there during the process of continent-continent collision and the return of orogen. These sedimentary rocks provide an important insight into the sedimentary mechanism and information on the oerogen. The detrital white mica, as a stable and common composition in clastic rocks, can give some information on their source. Phengite, as one of the most characteristic minerals in HP-UHP metamorphic rocks which is generated commonly in collisional orogen, may reveal an important information on the process that the HP-UHP metamorphic rocks returned to the surface in the orogen. Furthermore, the detrital zircon is not only the important component of clastic sediment but distributes widely in various clastic rocks, whose U-Pb dating can provide an important information on the age of sedimentary rocks, accordingly, in combination with the natures of geo-tectonic and outcrop of the volcanism or the intrusion in the studied region, we may find out the information on the source of sediments deposited in different times. In this paper, we carried out the study on the compositions of white micas and the LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating of zircon from the Mesozoic clastic rocks in Eastern Jianghan Basin. The major conclusions are summarized as below:(1) The upper-Triassic white micas characterized by low Si (<3.2 Si atoms pfu ), indicates that the HP-UHP rocks in Dabie orogen improbably cropped out to the surface at that time.(2) Since the early Jurassic, the majority of phengites (Si>3.3 atoms pfu) of clastic whit micas started to occur in the sandstone. To the Middle Jurassic, both low-Si and high-Si white micas occurred abundantly in the clastic rocks. Such features suggested that the high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure rocks of the Dabie orogenic belt were not exposed to the surface and carried down to deposit in the Jianghan basin until the early Jurassic.(3) The HP-UHP metamorphic rocks were the important materials contributed to the sediments in the Jianghan Basin and other ambient Basins during the early Jurassic.
The majority of phengites occurring in the clastic sediments in the lower Yangtze regions and the Hefei Basin in the middle to late Jurassic, small amount in Jianghan Basin, imply that despite the HP-UHP metamorphic rocks were cropped out on the surface, the HP-UHP metamorphic rocks contributed mainly to sediments in the Hefei Basin in the north part of Dabie orogen and the lower Yangtze Basins in the eastern Dabie orogen, only small volume into the Jianghan Basin.(4) From the late Triassic to the middle upper Jurassic, the clastic rocks depositing in the Basin mainly derived from the North China Block. The relatively small amounts originned from the Yangtze Block. Though the information on the age of subducted collision or the return of HP-UHP metamorphic rocks to surface had been recorded in the late Triassic sediments, the HP-UHP metamorphic rocks had been voluminously cropped out on the surface and transmitted into the embient Basins to deposit during the middle late Jurassic.(5) The source of sedimentary materials deposited in the Jianghan basin had varied since the middle Jurassic. If the Yangtze Block and the North China Block had collided together to become a mountain during these times, some rocks from the basement of North China Block would occur in the Jianghan Basin. Otherwise, it could be the case that continent-continent collision occurred but did not become a mountain during those times.
山带中生代同造山期的直接产物。大陆碰撞造山带折返与剥露过程,会在周缘盆
地内留下沉积记录,从而使这些盆地内沉积学的研究成为探索造山过程的有效途
径。碎屑白云母是碎屑岩中常见的、来自源区的稳定成分,可以用来指示源区性
质,多硅白云母是碰撞造山高压-超高压变质岩石的特征矿物,可以用于示踪山脉
高压-超高压岩石的去顶暴露。盆地碎屑沉积物中的锆石不但分布广泛,而且稳定
性极强,对盆地沉积地层锆石U-Pb年龄谱的测定是目前提取沉积物年龄信息的一
种重要方法,结合区域地质特征及周缘岩体出露情况可以对盆地不同时期的沉积
物源区进行示踪。我们通过对江汉盆地东部中生代沉积地层中碎屑白云母矿物成
分及碎屑锆石LA-ICP MS定年的研究,取得了如下主要认识:
(1)上三叠统该区地层砂岩中碎屑白云母多以低硅白云母(Si<3.2)为特征,暗
示此时大别造山带高压-超高压岩石很可能没有出露地表。
(2)自下侏罗统开始,砂岩中碎屑白云母中多硅白云母(Si>3.3)大量出现,中
侏罗统砂岩多硅和低硅白云母发育,表明大别高压-超高压岩石在早侏罗世即已出
露地表并经剥蚀搬运至盆地。
(3)在早侏罗世期间高压-超高压岩石对江汉盆地及与大别毗邻的其他盆地有
着重要的物源贡献;在中晚侏罗世江汉盆地沉积物中碎屑白云母中多硅白云母少
见,而在下扬子沿江和合肥山前盆地多见,表明尽管大别高压-超高压岩石仍暴露
地表,但其主要贡献于北麓的合肥盆地和东侧的下扬子沉积盆地,对江汉盆地的
贡献相对较少。
(4)晚三叠晚期到晚侏罗中期区内沉积物物源主要来自于华北陆块;除了晚三
叠晚期沉积物中扬子陆块物源贡献相对明显以外,其他时代地层来自于扬子陆块
的物源较少;在晚三叠晚期即已记录到与华北扬子俯冲碰撞或折返时间有关的年
龄信息,但相对占较大比例的时期在晚侏罗中期,大别山大规模高压-超高压岩石
出露地表接受去顶并暴露搬运至盆地沉积的时间在晚侏罗中期。
Jianghan Basin is located between Qinling-Dabie and Jiangnan Orogenic belt. It is considered production of collision orogen stage during Mesozoic time. Voluminous sedimentary materials were transited into the ambient basins and deposited there during the process of continent-continent collision and the return of orogen. These sedimentary rocks provide an important insight into the sedimentary mechanism and information on the oerogen. The detrital white mica, as a stable and common composition in clastic rocks, can give some information on their source. Phengite, as one of the most characteristic minerals in HP-UHP metamorphic rocks which is generated commonly in collisional orogen, may reveal an important information on the process that the HP-UHP metamorphic rocks returned to the surface in the orogen. Furthermore, the detrital zircon is not only the important component of clastic sediment but distributes widely in various clastic rocks, whose U-Pb dating can provide an important information on the age of sedimentary rocks, accordingly, in combination with the natures of geo-tectonic and outcrop of the volcanism or the intrusion in the studied region, we may find out the information on the source of sediments deposited in different times. In this paper, we carried out the study on the compositions of white micas and the LA-ICPMS U-Pb dating of zircon from the Mesozoic clastic rocks in Eastern Jianghan Basin. The major conclusions are summarized as below:(1) The upper-Triassic white micas characterized by low Si (<3.2 Si atoms pfu ), indicates that the HP-UHP rocks in Dabie orogen improbably cropped out to the surface at that time.(2) Since the early Jurassic, the majority of phengites (Si>3.3 atoms pfu) of clastic whit micas started to occur in the sandstone. To the Middle Jurassic, both low-Si and high-Si white micas occurred abundantly in the clastic rocks. Such features suggested that the high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure rocks of the Dabie orogenic belt were not exposed to the surface and carried down to deposit in the Jianghan basin until the early Jurassic.(3) The HP-UHP metamorphic rocks were the important materials contributed to the sediments in the Jianghan Basin and other ambient Basins during the early Jurassic.
The majority of phengites occurring in the clastic sediments in the lower Yangtze regions and the Hefei Basin in the middle to late Jurassic, small amount in Jianghan Basin, imply that despite the HP-UHP metamorphic rocks were cropped out on the surface, the HP-UHP metamorphic rocks contributed mainly to sediments in the Hefei Basin in the north part of Dabie orogen and the lower Yangtze Basins in the eastern Dabie orogen, only small volume into the Jianghan Basin.(4) From the late Triassic to the middle upper Jurassic, the clastic rocks depositing in the Basin mainly derived from the North China Block. The relatively small amounts originned from the Yangtze Block. Though the information on the age of subducted collision or the return of HP-UHP metamorphic rocks to surface had been recorded in the late Triassic sediments, the HP-UHP metamorphic rocks had been voluminously cropped out on the surface and transmitted into the embient Basins to deposit during the middle late Jurassic.(5) The source of sedimentary materials deposited in the Jianghan basin had varied since the middle Jurassic. If the Yangtze Block and the North China Block had collided together to become a mountain during these times, some rocks from the basement of North China Block would occur in the Jianghan Basin. Otherwise, it could be the case that continent-continent collision occurred but did not become a mountain during those times.
引文
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