高速斜撑式离合器楔块工作型面及动力学特性研究
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摘要
斜撑式超越离合器作为航空传动系统中的关键部件,需要在高速、重载工况下稳定工作。如何设计制造出满足实际工况条件的高性能离合器是一项有意义的研究课题。为设计出可靠、耐用、动力学性能好的斜撑式超越离合器,本文从离合器的关键构件楔块的工作型面和离合器的动力学两方面展开研究,具体内容如下。
对偏心圆弧、对数螺线、阿基米德螺线三种工作型面接触楔角进行了分析。根据离合器楔合状态的几何构型,采用解析法建立楔角函数。研究了楔块转角变化以及接触变形对楔角的影响。
根据偏心圆弧型面楔块几何构型参数,分析出其楔角值与有效凸轮升程。由几何构型得出了对数螺线和阿基米德螺线型面设计方程,根据偏心圆弧型面楔块的特性参数分别设计出不同楔角相同凸轮升程与相同楔角不同凸轮升程的楔块。
针对设计出的不同工作型面的斜撑式离合器进行虚拟样机建模,采用ADAMS对其进行动力学仿真。得出了离合器的楔合时间、接触力以及溜滑角等特性参数。分析了对数螺线型面与阿基米德螺线型面这两种工作型面楔块的楔角变化与升程变化对离合器动态性能的影响,并将三种工作型面楔块的离合器进行了横向对比分析。
设计了离合器动态性能测试平台,对离合器的楔合性能以及溜滑角进行了测试。对比分析表明实验结果与仿真结果基本相符,论证了离合器动力学分析的正确性。
Sprag overrunning clutch is one of key components in the air drive system. It needs to provide reliable performance under high speed and heavy load. It's a meaningful work to design and manufacture high performance sprag clutch to meet the practical working situation.
In order to design reliable and durable clutch with good dynamic characteristics, this paper studied in the areas of sprag working surface and dynamics of clutch. The main contents are as follows.
Studied on the strut angle of three different kinds of working surface which are Eccentric circle, Logistic spiral and Archimedean spiral. According to the geometry configuration of the wedging state, established the strut angle function by analysis method.Studied on the effect that the angle of sprag rotation and contact deformation made on the strut angle.
According to the parameters of geometry configuration of the eccentric circle surface sprag, analyzed the strut angle and the effective cam rise. Established the design equation of Logistic spiral and Archimedean spiral woring surface. Designed sprags with different strut angle same cam rise and sprags with same strut angle different cam rise.
Established the virtual prototype modle for different working surface sprag clutch. Adopted ADAMS to make dynamic analysis on the sprag clutch. Analyzed the effect that the strut angle and cam rise made on the dynamic performance of the clutch. Meanwhile, made contrastive analysis on the three kinds of sprag clutch.
Designed clutch dynamic performance testing platform. Tested the strut angle and the performance of engaging and disengaging. It indicated that the simulation results were in agreement with experimental value, which demonstrated the validity of the dynamic analysis.
对偏心圆弧、对数螺线、阿基米德螺线三种工作型面接触楔角进行了分析。根据离合器楔合状态的几何构型,采用解析法建立楔角函数。研究了楔块转角变化以及接触变形对楔角的影响。
根据偏心圆弧型面楔块几何构型参数,分析出其楔角值与有效凸轮升程。由几何构型得出了对数螺线和阿基米德螺线型面设计方程,根据偏心圆弧型面楔块的特性参数分别设计出不同楔角相同凸轮升程与相同楔角不同凸轮升程的楔块。
针对设计出的不同工作型面的斜撑式离合器进行虚拟样机建模,采用ADAMS对其进行动力学仿真。得出了离合器的楔合时间、接触力以及溜滑角等特性参数。分析了对数螺线型面与阿基米德螺线型面这两种工作型面楔块的楔角变化与升程变化对离合器动态性能的影响,并将三种工作型面楔块的离合器进行了横向对比分析。
设计了离合器动态性能测试平台,对离合器的楔合性能以及溜滑角进行了测试。对比分析表明实验结果与仿真结果基本相符,论证了离合器动力学分析的正确性。
Sprag overrunning clutch is one of key components in the air drive system. It needs to provide reliable performance under high speed and heavy load. It's a meaningful work to design and manufacture high performance sprag clutch to meet the practical working situation.
In order to design reliable and durable clutch with good dynamic characteristics, this paper studied in the areas of sprag working surface and dynamics of clutch. The main contents are as follows.
Studied on the strut angle of three different kinds of working surface which are Eccentric circle, Logistic spiral and Archimedean spiral. According to the geometry configuration of the wedging state, established the strut angle function by analysis method.Studied on the effect that the angle of sprag rotation and contact deformation made on the strut angle.
According to the parameters of geometry configuration of the eccentric circle surface sprag, analyzed the strut angle and the effective cam rise. Established the design equation of Logistic spiral and Archimedean spiral woring surface. Designed sprags with different strut angle same cam rise and sprags with same strut angle different cam rise.
Established the virtual prototype modle for different working surface sprag clutch. Adopted ADAMS to make dynamic analysis on the sprag clutch. Analyzed the effect that the strut angle and cam rise made on the dynamic performance of the clutch. Meanwhile, made contrastive analysis on the three kinds of sprag clutch.
Designed clutch dynamic performance testing platform. Tested the strut angle and the performance of engaging and disengaging. It indicated that the simulation results were in agreement with experimental value, which demonstrated the validity of the dynamic analysis.
引文
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[2]朱自冰.高速超越斜撑离合器设计技术研究[硕士学位论文].南京：南京航空航天大学,2004
[3]Xu T, Lowen G G. Mathematical Model of an Over-running Sprag Clutch[J]. Mechanism & Machine Theory,1994,29(1):11-23
[4]Xu T, Lowen G G. A New Damping Model for Nonlinear Stiffness Systems With Variable Preload Displacements and Constant Amplitude Decay Ratios [J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,1994 (116):257-263
[5]Xu T, Lowen G G. A Closed Solution for the Elastic-Dynamic Behavior of an Industrial Press Feed Mechanism and Experimental Verification [J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,1995(177):539-547
[6]Chesney, David R, Kremer, John M. Generalized Equations for Sprag one-way Clutch Analysis and Design[J]. Proceedings of the 1998 SAE International Congress & Exposition,1998,14(2):173-184
[7]P Vernay, G Ferraris. Transient Behavior of a Sprag-type Over-running Clutch:An Experimental Study [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2001,248(3):567-572
[8]H J PEEKEN, P W GOLD. Coupling and Clutches—State of the Art[C]. 1996 Proceedings of the International Conference on Gears, Dusseldorf Germany,1996,47-60
[9]FCWILLIAMS, DTIPPING, TAHENRY. An Improved Sprag Clutch [C].1975 Word Congress on the Theory of Machines and Mechanics,4th, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England,1975,593-598
[10]C CHASSAPIS, G G LOWEN. High Speed Dynamics of a Press Fed Mechanism[C].1990, ASME 21st Biennal Mechanisms Conference, Chicago, 1990,415-427
[11]Gregory M. Roach, Larry L. Howell. Evaluation and Comparison of Alternative Compliant Overrunning Clutch Designs[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,2002 (124):485-491
[12]D. Centea, H. Rahnejat, M. T. Menday. Non-linear multi-body dynamic analysis for the study of clutch torsional vibrations (judder) [J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,2001 (25):177-192
[13]Ming Feng, Kyosuke Ono. Fundamental Characteristics of a New Variable Torque Clutch With Skewed Rollers[J]. Journal of Mechanical Design,2001 (123):436-446
[14]D P Cramton, R J Ferguson, J H Kerr. An Apparatus for Dynamic Testing of Overrunning Clutches[J]. Mechanism &. Machine Theory,1986, 21(5):375-384
[15]Sadeghi F, Dow TA. Thermal Effects in Rolling Sliding Contacts[J]. Trans ASMEJ Tribol,1987,12(2):109-512
[16]A Noorul Haq, K Sivakumar, R Saravanan, V Muthiah. Tolerance Design Optimization of Machine Elements Using Genetic Algorithm[J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2005,25(1):385-391
[17]Erwie Zahara, Yi-Tung Kao. A Hybridized Approach to Optimal Tolerance Synthesis of Clutch Assembly [J]. Int J Adv Manuf Technol,2002, 17(1):261-268
[18]Sadeghi F, Dow TA. Thermal Effects in Rolling Sliding Contacts[J]. Trans ASMEJ Tribol,1987,12(2):109-512
[19]V I Dekhanov, G N Petrov. Investigation of the Performance of Overrunning Friction Clutches for Centrifugal Separators[J]. Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,1970,6(2):125-131
[20]刘高领,郑友益.对数螺线型面接触强度分析与计算[J].制造技术与机床,2007(7)：84-86
[21]刘高领,郑友益.基于ANSYS的对数螺线型面联接接触分析[J].新技术新工艺,2007(10)：30-31
[22]殷玉枫,常争艳,刘中.滚柱轴承离合器的动力特性分析[J].太原科技大学学报,2006,27(4)：281-284
[23]刘凯,阮忠唐,张家泓.超越离合器滚动摩擦力矩的分析[J].机械设计与研究,1991(2)：20-23
[24]Liu Kai, Zhang Haiyan. Research on Rolling Friction of the Overrunning Clutch [J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Technology,1997, 13(2):110-117
[25]Eiichi Bamba, Kai Liu. Frictional Dynamics of the Overrunning Clutch for Pulse-continuously Variable Speed Transmissions:Rolling Friction[J]. Wear,1998,217(2):208-214
[26]K Liu, E Bamba. Analytical Model of Sliding Friction in an Overrunning Clutch[J]. Tribology International,2005,38(2):187-194
[27]黄家裕,钮心宪.超越离合器的力学分析[J].交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所学报,2000,23(2)：75-83
[28]杨林,曾献智,张亭亭,郭振伟.超越离合器的磨损研究[J].机械研究与应用,2008,21(2)：21-23
[29]陈殿华,贾卫平,田中道彦,商桂芝.单向离合器接触摩擦及承载性能的研究[J].润滑与密封,2007,32(3)：192-194
[30]胡大国.对数螺线超越离合器的楔角计算[J].火炮发射与控制学报,1996(1)：20-29
[31]胡大国.对数螺线超越离合器的承载能力计算[J].火炮发射与控制学报,1996(4)：32-37
[32]李沛同.超越离合器的对数螺旋楔合面[J].现代机械,1996(1)：52-53
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