BDE-209和镉单独及联合暴露对非洲爪蟾的甲状腺和生殖内分泌的干扰作用
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摘要
作为一种溴系阻燃剂,多溴二苯醚(Polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)在多种行业中广泛使用,目前已成为一类全球性持久性有机污染物。和其他重金属一样,镉污染具有来源广、残存时间长、有蓄积性、能沿食物链转移富集、污染后不易被发现并且难于恢复等特点。镉污染问题是目前环境污染问题的重点之一。动物研究显示PBDEs和镉都具有发育神经毒性、甲状腺干扰和生殖内分泌干扰作用。
本论文首先介绍了目前PBDEs和镉生物毒性的研究进展,分析了目前研究中存在的几个问题;分析了非洲爪蟾在毒理学研究中的优势,详细介绍了非洲爪蟾在胚胎毒性、甲状腺干扰作用和生殖内分泌干扰作用研究中的应用。
鉴于目前BDE-209和镉在环境介质中大量存在,但相关毒性数据尤其是联合暴露数据缺乏,本论文研究了环境相关剂量下BDE-209(100 ng/L)和镉(1μg/L)单独和联合暴露对非洲爪蟾的甲状腺和生殖内分泌干扰作用。
本文研究得出的结果主要有:
(1)环境相关剂量的BDE-209短期暴露不会影响非洲爪蟾蝌蚪的生长发育过程,也不会影响甲状腺激素T3诱导的非洲爪蟾蝌蚪变态发育过程;
(2)环境相关剂量BDE-209和镉单独及联合长期暴露对非洲爪蟾具有一定的甲状腺干扰作用;
(3)环境相关剂量BDE-209和镉单独及联合长期暴露不会明显影响雌性非洲爪蟾卵巢生长发育;但是镉和联合暴露对雄性非洲爪蟾精巢造成一定的损伤。
实验结果提示,环境相关剂量的BDE-209和镉对非洲爪蟾有一定的甲状腺干扰、生殖内分泌干扰作用。此外,PBDEs和其他重金属联合暴露的毒理学效应和作用机制值得进一步深入研究。
PBDE (Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs), one of brominated flame retardants, were widely used in a variety of industries. Nowadays, PBDEs have become a major persistent organic pollutant. Cadmium (Cd) contamination, like other heavy metal pollution, possesses the characteristics of abundance in resources, long retention time, cumulation, transfer and enrichment along the food chain, detection and restoration difficulty if the environment has been contaminated, etc. In animal experiments, PBDEs and Cd have been proven to cause developmental neurotoxicity, thyroid and reproductive endocrine disruption.
In this thesis, first of all, the recent research progress in toxicology study on PBDEs and Cd is introduced and several problems in this research field are summarized. The advantages of Xenopus lavies in toxicology study are discussed, and introduced the application of X. laevis in embryo toxicity, thyroid disruption and reproductive endocrine disruption.
Considering limited toxicity data on BDE-209 and Cd, which has been widely existed, the effects of thyroid and reproductive endocrine disruption of single and combined exposure to BDE-209 (100 ng/L) and Cd (1μg/L) at environmentally relevant doses in X. laevis were studied.
The final conclusions of the research are the following:
(1) The short-term exposure to BDE -209 at environmental related doses did not affect the growth process of Xenopus laevis and also did not affect the development induced by triiodothyronine (T3);
(2) The long-term exposure to BDE -209 and/or Cd at environmental related doses had thyroid disrupting effects on X. laevis;
(3) The long-term exposure to BDE -209 and/or Cd at environmental related doses did not significantly effect the development of ovaries. However, Cd single exposure and combined exposure cause certain damage on the testes of X. laevis.
In summary, BDE-209 and Cd at environmentally relevant doses had thyroid and reproductive endocrine disruption on X. laevis. The toxical effects and mechanisms of PBDEs and heavy metal interaction remain to be furthered investigated.
本论文首先介绍了目前PBDEs和镉生物毒性的研究进展,分析了目前研究中存在的几个问题;分析了非洲爪蟾在毒理学研究中的优势,详细介绍了非洲爪蟾在胚胎毒性、甲状腺干扰作用和生殖内分泌干扰作用研究中的应用。
鉴于目前BDE-209和镉在环境介质中大量存在,但相关毒性数据尤其是联合暴露数据缺乏,本论文研究了环境相关剂量下BDE-209(100 ng/L)和镉(1μg/L)单独和联合暴露对非洲爪蟾的甲状腺和生殖内分泌干扰作用。
本文研究得出的结果主要有:
(1)环境相关剂量的BDE-209短期暴露不会影响非洲爪蟾蝌蚪的生长发育过程,也不会影响甲状腺激素T3诱导的非洲爪蟾蝌蚪变态发育过程;
(2)环境相关剂量BDE-209和镉单独及联合长期暴露对非洲爪蟾具有一定的甲状腺干扰作用;
(3)环境相关剂量BDE-209和镉单独及联合长期暴露不会明显影响雌性非洲爪蟾卵巢生长发育;但是镉和联合暴露对雄性非洲爪蟾精巢造成一定的损伤。
实验结果提示,环境相关剂量的BDE-209和镉对非洲爪蟾有一定的甲状腺干扰、生殖内分泌干扰作用。此外,PBDEs和其他重金属联合暴露的毒理学效应和作用机制值得进一步深入研究。
PBDE (Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs), one of brominated flame retardants, were widely used in a variety of industries. Nowadays, PBDEs have become a major persistent organic pollutant. Cadmium (Cd) contamination, like other heavy metal pollution, possesses the characteristics of abundance in resources, long retention time, cumulation, transfer and enrichment along the food chain, detection and restoration difficulty if the environment has been contaminated, etc. In animal experiments, PBDEs and Cd have been proven to cause developmental neurotoxicity, thyroid and reproductive endocrine disruption.
In this thesis, first of all, the recent research progress in toxicology study on PBDEs and Cd is introduced and several problems in this research field are summarized. The advantages of Xenopus lavies in toxicology study are discussed, and introduced the application of X. laevis in embryo toxicity, thyroid disruption and reproductive endocrine disruption.
Considering limited toxicity data on BDE-209 and Cd, which has been widely existed, the effects of thyroid and reproductive endocrine disruption of single and combined exposure to BDE-209 (100 ng/L) and Cd (1μg/L) at environmentally relevant doses in X. laevis were studied.
The final conclusions of the research are the following:
(1) The short-term exposure to BDE -209 at environmental related doses did not affect the growth process of Xenopus laevis and also did not affect the development induced by triiodothyronine (T3);
(2) The long-term exposure to BDE -209 and/or Cd at environmental related doses had thyroid disrupting effects on X. laevis;
(3) The long-term exposure to BDE -209 and/or Cd at environmental related doses did not significantly effect the development of ovaries. However, Cd single exposure and combined exposure cause certain damage on the testes of X. laevis.
In summary, BDE-209 and Cd at environmentally relevant doses had thyroid and reproductive endocrine disruption on X. laevis. The toxical effects and mechanisms of PBDEs and heavy metal interaction remain to be furthered investigated.
引文
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