基于QFD的价值过程要素与技术要素映射模型研究
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摘要
中国经济的高速增长和崛起尤其是制造业的发展让国人产生了中国已经成为“世界工厂”的错觉。然而中国较高的对外技术依存度表明,中国的技术自主创新能力依然薄弱。如何通过有序的产业技术规划来增强中国产业的自主创新能力,保障产业的可持续发展和发展后劲己迫在眉睫。产业技术路线图理论框架通过系统地对产业价值链和产业价值过程进行分析,映射出产业的技术体系,进而合理地规划产业技术的研发,最终实现增强产业的自主创新能力的目标。然而在现有产业技术路线图的制定过程中,缺乏系统地产业价值链分析方法,并且已有的技术路线图层级映射方法无法满足复杂的产业技术路线图层级映射需求,亟需建立系统地分析各层级内部结构以及层级间定量化映射的方法。
本文首先对产业价值链、价值过程、价值过程要素以及技术要素的概念进行了界定,然后基于IDEFO方法提出了产业价值链模型,并运用该模型分析了产业价值链中的价值过程要素,识别了对应的技术要素。接着进一步构建了基于QFD的价值过程要素与技术要素映射模型,在映射模型的基础上提出了技术要素矩阵模型。最后以广东省LED产业为例进行案例分析,说明如何将本文提出的产业价值链模型、分析方法以及映射模型应用于实际的产业分析中。
The rapid growth of China economic, especially the development of the manufacturing industry brings an illusion to Chinese that China has become the "factory of the world". However, higher foreign technology dependence shows that the technology innovation ability of China is still weak. It is eager to enhance the capability of China industry independent innovation and to ensure the sustainable development of industries in the future, through ordered industrial technology planning. The framework of Industrial Technology Road-mapping analyses Industrial Value Chain and Value Process systematically, maps the industry technology system, plans the research and development of industry technology reasonably, and finally realizes the enhancement goal of independent innovation ability. However, in the current establishing process of Industrial Technology Road-mapping, there is a lack of a systematic Value Chain analysis method. In addition, the existing hierarchy mapping method of Technology Road-mapping can't satisfy the complex environment of Industrial Technology Road-mapping any more. A systematic internal structure analysis method and a quantitative mapping model between hierarchies need to be established eagerly.
In this thesis, the concepts of Industry Value Chain, Value Process, Value Process elements and technological elements concept are defined firstly. Then an Industrial Value Chain modeling method based on IDEFO is proposed. Value Process elements and technology elements in Industrial Value Chain can be identified. Moreover, a mapping model between Value Process elements and technology elements based on QFD is developed. On the basis of the mapping model, a technology elements matrix model is provided. Finally the proposed approach is applied to LED industry in Guangdong province for illustration.
本文首先对产业价值链、价值过程、价值过程要素以及技术要素的概念进行了界定,然后基于IDEFO方法提出了产业价值链模型,并运用该模型分析了产业价值链中的价值过程要素,识别了对应的技术要素。接着进一步构建了基于QFD的价值过程要素与技术要素映射模型,在映射模型的基础上提出了技术要素矩阵模型。最后以广东省LED产业为例进行案例分析,说明如何将本文提出的产业价值链模型、分析方法以及映射模型应用于实际的产业分析中。
The rapid growth of China economic, especially the development of the manufacturing industry brings an illusion to Chinese that China has become the "factory of the world". However, higher foreign technology dependence shows that the technology innovation ability of China is still weak. It is eager to enhance the capability of China industry independent innovation and to ensure the sustainable development of industries in the future, through ordered industrial technology planning. The framework of Industrial Technology Road-mapping analyses Industrial Value Chain and Value Process systematically, maps the industry technology system, plans the research and development of industry technology reasonably, and finally realizes the enhancement goal of independent innovation ability. However, in the current establishing process of Industrial Technology Road-mapping, there is a lack of a systematic Value Chain analysis method. In addition, the existing hierarchy mapping method of Technology Road-mapping can't satisfy the complex environment of Industrial Technology Road-mapping any more. A systematic internal structure analysis method and a quantitative mapping model between hierarchies need to be established eagerly.
In this thesis, the concepts of Industry Value Chain, Value Process, Value Process elements and technological elements concept are defined firstly. Then an Industrial Value Chain modeling method based on IDEFO is proposed. Value Process elements and technology elements in Industrial Value Chain can be identified. Moreover, a mapping model between Value Process elements and technology elements based on QFD is developed. On the basis of the mapping model, a technology elements matrix model is provided. Finally the proposed approach is applied to LED industry in Guangdong province for illustration.
引文
①资料来源：笔者根据国家统计局历年不变价格GDP计算
②马虎兆,唐家龙,李春成.2007.我国对外技术依存度的测算及分析.科技进步与对策,24(9)：1-4.其中2005-2009年的对外技术依存度笔者根据测算模型计算得出
①见Customizing Roadmapping,pp26-37
②李兴华.产业技术路线图——广东科技管理创新实践.广州：广东科技出版社,2008
①潘成云.解读产业价值链—兼析我国新兴产业价值链的基本特征,当代财经.2001,(9)：7～15
②卢明华,李国平.全球电子信息产业价值链及对我国的启示.北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2004,41(4)：63～69
③杜义飞.基于价值创造与分配的产业价值链研究.电子科技大学博士学位论文.2005：15 22
④张琦.孙理军.产业价值链密炼机理及优化模型研究.工业技术经济.2005,(7)：111～113
①陈平,褚华.软件设计师教程[M].清华大学出版社,2006
①常立农.技术哲学[M].湖南大学出版社,2003：8-9
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②马虎兆,唐家龙,李春成.2007.我国对外技术依存度的测算及分析.科技进步与对策,24(9)：1-4.其中2005-2009年的对外技术依存度笔者根据测算模型计算得出
①见Customizing Roadmapping,pp26-37
②李兴华.产业技术路线图——广东科技管理创新实践.广州：广东科技出版社,2008
①潘成云.解读产业价值链—兼析我国新兴产业价值链的基本特征,当代财经.2001,(9)：7～15
②卢明华,李国平.全球电子信息产业价值链及对我国的启示.北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2004,41(4)：63～69
③杜义飞.基于价值创造与分配的产业价值链研究.电子科技大学博士学位论文.2005：15 22
④张琦.孙理军.产业价值链密炼机理及优化模型研究.工业技术经济.2005,(7)：111～113
①陈平,褚华.软件设计师教程[M].清华大学出版社,2006
①常立农.技术哲学[M].湖南大学出版社,2003：8-9
[1]Gereffi G, Humphrey J, Sturgeon T. The Governance of Global Value Chains[J]. Review of International Political Economy,2005,12(1):78-104.
[2]经叔平.中国现在还不是“世界工厂”[J].市场营销导刊,2005,02.
[3]Dosi G. Technological Paradigms and Technological Trajectories:A Suggested Interpretation of the Determinants and Directions of Technological Change[J]. Research Policy,1982,11:147-162.
[4]Phaal R., Farrukh C., Probert D. Technology Roadmapping:A Planning Framework for Evolution and Revolution[J]. Technology Forecasting and Social Change,2004,71:5-26.
[5]Yongli Tang, Congdong Li, Lu Zeng, Zheng Wang, Xinyue Hu. Technology Road-mapping for Local Industrial Value Chain Upgrading:A Preliminary Framework[C]. Proceedings of IEEE-IE&EM 2009, Beijing, 2009/10:945-949.
[6]Willyard, C.H. and McClees, C.W. Motorola's technology roadmapping process[J]. Journal of Research Management,1987, Sep-Oct.
[7]David Probert, Michael Radnor. Frontier expiences from industry-academia consortia[J]. Research Technology Management,2003,46(2):27-31.
[8]Richard E Albright, Thomas A Kappel. Roadmapping the corporation[J]. Research Technology Management,2003,46(2):31-40.
[9]Alec McMillan. Roadmapping-agent of change[J]. Research Technology Management,2003,46(2):40-47.
[10]Robert McCarthy. Linking technological change to business needs[J]. Research Technology Management, 2003,46(2):47-52.
[11]Robert Phaal, Clare Farrukh, Rick Mitchell, David Probert. Starting-up roadmapping fast[J]. Research Technology Management,2003,46(2):52-60.
[12]Michael Radnor, David R Probert. Viewing the future[J]. Research Technology Management,2004,47(2): 25-26.
[13]Robert Phaal, Clare Farrukh, David Probert. Customizing Roadmapping[J]. Research Technology Management,2004,47(2):26-37.
[14]James M Richey, Mary Grinnell. Evolution of Roadmapping at Motorola[J]. Research Technology Management,2004,47(2):37-41
[15]David Grossman. Putting technology on the road[J]. Research Technology Management,2004,47(2): 41-47.
[16]Rachel W, Robert Pl, Clare F, David P. Technology Roadmapping for a service Organization[J]. Research Technology Management,2004,47(2):46-51.
[17]Jeffrey D Strauss, Michael Radnor. Roadmapping for dynamic and uncertain environments [J]. Research Technology Management,2004,47(2):51-58.
[18]Robert Phaal, Clare Farrukh, David Probert. Technology Roadmapping—A planning framework for evolution and revolution[J]. Technology Forecasting and Social Change,2004,71(1-2):5-26.
[19]Rinne, Martin. Technology roadmaps:Infrastructure for innovation[J], Technology Forecasting and Social Change,2004,71(1-2):67-80.
[20]Petrick, Irene J., Echols, Ann E. Technology Roadmapping in review:A tool for making sustainable new product development decisions[J]. Technology Forecasting and Social Change,2004,71(1-2):81-100.
[21]许庆瑞.研究、发展与技术创新管理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000.
[22]李雪凤,仝允恒,谈毅.技术路线图——一种新型技术管理工具[J].科学学研究,2004,22：90-94.
[23]刘海波,李平.技术路线图的产生和作用[J].科技潮,2004(9)：8-9.
[24]李雪凤,仝允恒,谈毅.技术路线图和技术路线图思维[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005(8)：26-28.
[25]谈毅,李雪凤.基于技术路线图的产业创新模式初探[J].中国科技论坛,2005(6)： 22-26.
[26]丁云龙,谭超.作为技术预见工具的技术路线图及其应用前景[J].公共管理学报,2006,13(4)：40-45.
[27]仪德刚,齐中英,赵新力.企业提升核心竞争力的重要手段——技术路线图[J].科技管理研究,2007(1)： 98-100.
[28]仪德刚,齐中英.从技术竞争情报、技术预见到技术路线图——构建企业自主创新的内生模型[J].科技管理研究,2007(3)： 13-14.
[29]刘细文,柯春晓.技术路线图的应用研究及其对战略情报研究的启示[J].图书情报工作,2007,51(6)：37-40.
[30]陈家昌.技术路线图在科技管理中的应用及其前景[J].中国科技论坛,2007(8)： 79-83.
[31]孟海华,杨起全,王革.产业技术路线图的制定研究初探[J].中国科技论坛,2008(6)： 75-80.
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