毛细管平面辐射空调动态仿真及控制系统研究
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摘要
目前,使用的空调系统,主要通过对流换热的方式来消除室内的热湿负荷,共用低温冷源排除室内的余热和余湿,显热负荷本可以采用高温冷源带走,却与除湿一起共用低温冷源进行处理,造成能源品味上的浪费。毛细管平面辐射空调可以实现温湿度的独立控制,由独立新风系统承担室内的潜热负荷,铺设在顶板或墙壁上的毛细管承担室内的显热负荷。该空调系统不仅节能、舒适,又能保证较好的空气品质。
本文在分析辐射空调国内外研究现状的基础上,对毛细管平面辐射空调系统房间的新风系统、负荷计算及控制系统等方面进行了研究。得出了适用于这种空调系统负荷计算的方法,为其实际应用提供了一定的理论基础。
首先,本文讨论了新风除湿和热回收的方式,通过对比得出毛细管平面辐射空调系统使用溶液除湿和溶液热回收,不仅热回收效率高,而且可以得到满足要求的任意新风参数。分析了毛细管平面辐射空调房间湿负荷的来源,得出对于普通办公室,房间的湿负荷主要来源于人员散湿,敞开水面散湿和植物散湿等。
其次,分析了新风机组启动阶段房间内含湿量和温度的动态变化,提出了新风预除湿时间的概念。并以济南地区为例进行了分析,得出毛细管平面辐射空调系统预除湿时间如果控制在30分钟左右,启动阶段新风机组的新风量为满足人员卫生要求最低新风量的1.3倍；正常运行阶段,满足人员卫生要求的最低新风量就能满足房间的除湿要求。
再次,建立了毛细管平面辐射空调的动态模型,运用CFD技术,模拟了毛细管平面敷设在房顶上,部分在西墙上,部分在北墙上,全部在墙上四种布置方式下,空调房间与室外环境的换热过程。结果表明：当毛细管全部布置在房间的顶上时,通过外墙、外窗传递的热流密度最小,节能效果最显著,可以节能25%；当空调负荷过大时,部分布置在墙壁上时,节能效果也能达到20%以上。通过数值计算得出毛细管平面辐射空调系统,夏季采用修正系数法计算负荷时,修正系数的取值范围为0.75-0.8。当毛细管全部布置在顶板上时,修正系数取0.75较合适,当有部分敷设在墙面时,根据敷设在墙面面积的大小,可以取0.75～0.8之间不同的修正系数。为毛细管平面辐射空调系统的设计提供了一定的理论基础。
最后,分析了常用控制方式的优缺点,得出毛细管辐射供冷系统采用间歇性流量控制不仅简单易行,而且节约能源；给出了新风系统、毛细管辐射供冷系统以及毛细管辐射供冷和独立新风复合系统的控制示意图。
At present, the air-conditioning systems remove indoor heat and humidity load mainly by convection heat transfer, and use the same low temperature sources; sensible heat load could have been eliminated by high temperature sources, yet uses the same temperature sources with dehumidification, making energy sources waste in grade. Capillary plane air-conditioning system can make temperature and humidity independent control, indoor latent and sensible heat load are undertaken by dedicated outdoor air system and capillary radiation plane respectively. It is a cozy, energy-efficient air-conditioning system, and could maintain good indoor air quality.
Based on the research and development in both domestic and overseas on radiation air-conditioning, in this paper studied fresh air system, load calculation and control system of capillary plane air-conditioning. Obtained a method of load calculation that was suitable for this air-conditioning system, this provided a theoretical basis for its practical application.
Firstly, discussed liquid desiccant dehumidification and heat recovery, obtained that it applied for capillary plane air-conditioning fresh air system, can get higher heat recovery efficiency and any fresh air parameters. Analysis the space moisture load sources of capillary plane air-conditioning, get that it was mainly from human, open-wide water and plants in general office buildings.
Secondly, analyzed Indoor humidity ratio and temperature dynamic change in fresh air set-up period, and proposed the conception of fresh air pre-dehumidification time. Taking Jinan city as an example, calculated that if pre-dehumidification time was limited in 30 minutes, the volume of fresh air was the 1.3 times of the requirement of personnel and sanitary; in the normal period, the minimum fresh air volume could meet the requirement of room dehumidification.
Thirdly, established the capillary plane radiation dynamic model, simulated and studied the heat transfer process of air conditioning room and outdoor environment with CFD in unsteady state, when capillary panel laid on the ceiling, part on west wall, part on north wall, on the wall. Based on simulation results found the heat flux through the exterior wall and window was lowest, it could save 25% energy, when capillary panel laid on the ceiling; it also could save more than 20% energy, when parts laid on the wall. According to the numerical calculation results, obtained the capillary plane air-conditioning load correction coefficient was 0.75-0.8 in summer. The correction coefficient was 0.75, when capillary panel laid on the ceiling; it was 0.75-0.8, when parts laid on the wall, this providing a theoretical basis for its design.
Finally, analyzed advantages and disadvantages of general control strategy, obtained capillary radiation panel with intermittent flow control was simple, practicable and energy conservation. Provided control diagram of the fresh air system, capillary radiation panel cooling system and capillary radiation panel cooling system plus fresh air system.
本文在分析辐射空调国内外研究现状的基础上,对毛细管平面辐射空调系统房间的新风系统、负荷计算及控制系统等方面进行了研究。得出了适用于这种空调系统负荷计算的方法,为其实际应用提供了一定的理论基础。
首先,本文讨论了新风除湿和热回收的方式,通过对比得出毛细管平面辐射空调系统使用溶液除湿和溶液热回收,不仅热回收效率高,而且可以得到满足要求的任意新风参数。分析了毛细管平面辐射空调房间湿负荷的来源,得出对于普通办公室,房间的湿负荷主要来源于人员散湿,敞开水面散湿和植物散湿等。
其次,分析了新风机组启动阶段房间内含湿量和温度的动态变化,提出了新风预除湿时间的概念。并以济南地区为例进行了分析,得出毛细管平面辐射空调系统预除湿时间如果控制在30分钟左右,启动阶段新风机组的新风量为满足人员卫生要求最低新风量的1.3倍；正常运行阶段,满足人员卫生要求的最低新风量就能满足房间的除湿要求。
再次,建立了毛细管平面辐射空调的动态模型,运用CFD技术,模拟了毛细管平面敷设在房顶上,部分在西墙上,部分在北墙上,全部在墙上四种布置方式下,空调房间与室外环境的换热过程。结果表明：当毛细管全部布置在房间的顶上时,通过外墙、外窗传递的热流密度最小,节能效果最显著,可以节能25%；当空调负荷过大时,部分布置在墙壁上时,节能效果也能达到20%以上。通过数值计算得出毛细管平面辐射空调系统,夏季采用修正系数法计算负荷时,修正系数的取值范围为0.75-0.8。当毛细管全部布置在顶板上时,修正系数取0.75较合适,当有部分敷设在墙面时,根据敷设在墙面面积的大小,可以取0.75～0.8之间不同的修正系数。为毛细管平面辐射空调系统的设计提供了一定的理论基础。
最后,分析了常用控制方式的优缺点,得出毛细管辐射供冷系统采用间歇性流量控制不仅简单易行,而且节约能源；给出了新风系统、毛细管辐射供冷系统以及毛细管辐射供冷和独立新风复合系统的控制示意图。
At present, the air-conditioning systems remove indoor heat and humidity load mainly by convection heat transfer, and use the same low temperature sources; sensible heat load could have been eliminated by high temperature sources, yet uses the same temperature sources with dehumidification, making energy sources waste in grade. Capillary plane air-conditioning system can make temperature and humidity independent control, indoor latent and sensible heat load are undertaken by dedicated outdoor air system and capillary radiation plane respectively. It is a cozy, energy-efficient air-conditioning system, and could maintain good indoor air quality.
Based on the research and development in both domestic and overseas on radiation air-conditioning, in this paper studied fresh air system, load calculation and control system of capillary plane air-conditioning. Obtained a method of load calculation that was suitable for this air-conditioning system, this provided a theoretical basis for its practical application.
Firstly, discussed liquid desiccant dehumidification and heat recovery, obtained that it applied for capillary plane air-conditioning fresh air system, can get higher heat recovery efficiency and any fresh air parameters. Analysis the space moisture load sources of capillary plane air-conditioning, get that it was mainly from human, open-wide water and plants in general office buildings.
Secondly, analyzed Indoor humidity ratio and temperature dynamic change in fresh air set-up period, and proposed the conception of fresh air pre-dehumidification time. Taking Jinan city as an example, calculated that if pre-dehumidification time was limited in 30 minutes, the volume of fresh air was the 1.3 times of the requirement of personnel and sanitary; in the normal period, the minimum fresh air volume could meet the requirement of room dehumidification.
Thirdly, established the capillary plane radiation dynamic model, simulated and studied the heat transfer process of air conditioning room and outdoor environment with CFD in unsteady state, when capillary panel laid on the ceiling, part on west wall, part on north wall, on the wall. Based on simulation results found the heat flux through the exterior wall and window was lowest, it could save 25% energy, when capillary panel laid on the ceiling; it also could save more than 20% energy, when parts laid on the wall. According to the numerical calculation results, obtained the capillary plane air-conditioning load correction coefficient was 0.75-0.8 in summer. The correction coefficient was 0.75, when capillary panel laid on the ceiling; it was 0.75-0.8, when parts laid on the wall, this providing a theoretical basis for its design.
Finally, analyzed advantages and disadvantages of general control strategy, obtained capillary radiation panel with intermittent flow control was simple, practicable and energy conservation. Provided control diagram of the fresh air system, capillary radiation panel cooling system and capillary radiation panel cooling system plus fresh air system.
引文
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