大功率半导体激光器高效耦合技术研究
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摘要
大功率半导体激光器与光纤耦合,应用于越来越多的领域,比如光纤通信系统中的光源和光纤放大器的泵浦源；医疗方面的激光手术；材料加工方面的焊接和热处理等等。大功率LD与透镜光纤距离z、位移误差以及角度误差是影响耦合效率的重要因素,本文针对这三种因素,设计了一个软件,用于仿真和设计大功率LD与透镜光纤耦合系统。
仿真软件能够仿真大功率半导体激光器与三种透镜光纤——锥形透镜光纤、球形透镜光纤、柱状楔形透镜光纤耦合。仿真软件大大减小了因直接加工引起的材料损耗。
分别对三种耦合系统进行建模,分析它们的模场分布、匹配等问题,得出耦合效率与大功率LD和透镜光纤距离z,其次在最优z的条件下,分析x,y方向上的位移误差、角度误差对耦合效率的影响。
仿真软件是由VB和MATLAB混合编程而成。VB在用户界面设计和快速开发等方面具有独特的优势,但在处理复杂数据信息方面不具有优势；MATLAB是集数值计算、符号计算和图形可视化三大基本功能于一体的、功能强大、操作简单的语言。本文使用MATLAB对所建模型进行编程仿真,使用VB设计用户界面,采用ActiveX自动化(OLE自动化)的方法,实现VB与MATLAB自动化连接。
仿真软件界面包括主界面和三种透镜光纤耦合系统——球形透镜光纤耦合系统、锥形透镜光纤耦合系统、柱状楔形透镜光纤耦合系统,通过设定大功率半导体激光器和透镜光纤的参数,可以模拟出它们的模场,耦合效率随焦距、位移误差以及角度误差变化情况。
对仿真软件进行测试,测试的目的是通过与实验数据相比较,验证所开发的系统的准确性和实用性。由于实验条件有限,本文采用将仿真结果与国内外多个研究者的实验结果进行比较,分析引起仿真结果和实验结果的不同的原因,例如研究者在实验过程中操作不当引起的损耗等。
另外,本文对合束器进行了初步的实验研究。目前,国外研究合束器的技术水平高于国内研究水平,国内外的研究成果较少,且具有很强的保密性,合束器具有很重要的应用性,所以研究合束器具有很重要的意义。
合束器的实验设备主要有拉锥机、熔接机等。在实验过程中,需要不断尝试设置拉锥机的拉锥速度和火焰温度,因为它们决定着多根光纤的熔合程度。经多次拉锥实验,制作了出光功率约为95%的3×3的耦合器。分析了实验过程中遇到的问题,并提出一些改进意见。
The development fields of high-power semiconductor lasers are wider and wider, such as the light sources and pumping sources of optical fiber amplifies in optical fiber communication systems, laser surgery operation in medicine, laser welding and heat processing in materials mechanical process and so on. The distance z light transfers, displacement offset and angle offset are crucial factors. So we design a kind of simulation software to simulate the couple between LD and lensed fiber.
The simulation software contains the main interface and three lened fiber coupling system--spherical lensed fiber coupling system, taper lensed fiber coupling system, wedge lensed fiber coupling system. By setting the parameters of high-power semiconductor laser and lens, the soft can simulate their mode fields, the coupling efficiency change with mode field, focal length, displacement offset and angle offset.
Firstly, we analyze mode distributions and matches to set models of the coupling systems. We can get the relation between the coupling efficiency and z. With the optimal z we can analyze how the displacement offsets, angle offsets of x, y direction influence the coupling efficiency.
The simulation software is designed implying the mixed programming VB and MATLAB.VB has unique advantages in user interface design and rapid development, but has disadvantage in dealing with complex data information. MATLAB is a powerful, operation simple language, which is of the ability in numerical calculation, symbolic computation and graphical visualization. We simulate the models with MATLAB and design the user interface with VB. ActiveX automation (OLE automation) method realize automation connection between VB and MATLAB.
The simulation software interface contains the main interface and three kinds of lened fiber coupling system --spherical lensed fiber coupling system, taper lensed fiber coupling system, wedge lensed fiber coupling system. By setting the parameters of high-power semiconductor laser and lened fiber, we can simulate the modes and the coupling efficiency
We test the simulation software to find the differences and errors by comparing the simulation data with experimental data. Due to limited experimental condition, we compare the simulation data with experimental data to analyze the differences between simulation results and experimental results of different reasons, such as the loss caused by the researchers'improper operation in the experimental process.
In addition, this paper discuss another issue--combiner. At present, the research level on combiner abroad is higher than that of domestic research. In a word, the research achievements are few, of a strong confidentiality, and of important practicality, so research combiner is of important significance.
The main experiment equipments are combined beams are taper broaching machine, welding machine etc. In the experimental process, we need to constantly try to set the speed and the flame temperature of pull cone machine, which determine the fusion degree of a number of fibers. After many experiments, we make the 3 x 3 coupler whose output optical efficiency is 95%. We analyze the problems of experiment, and puts forward some suggestion for improvement.
仿真软件能够仿真大功率半导体激光器与三种透镜光纤——锥形透镜光纤、球形透镜光纤、柱状楔形透镜光纤耦合。仿真软件大大减小了因直接加工引起的材料损耗。
分别对三种耦合系统进行建模,分析它们的模场分布、匹配等问题,得出耦合效率与大功率LD和透镜光纤距离z,其次在最优z的条件下,分析x,y方向上的位移误差、角度误差对耦合效率的影响。
仿真软件是由VB和MATLAB混合编程而成。VB在用户界面设计和快速开发等方面具有独特的优势,但在处理复杂数据信息方面不具有优势；MATLAB是集数值计算、符号计算和图形可视化三大基本功能于一体的、功能强大、操作简单的语言。本文使用MATLAB对所建模型进行编程仿真,使用VB设计用户界面,采用ActiveX自动化(OLE自动化)的方法,实现VB与MATLAB自动化连接。
仿真软件界面包括主界面和三种透镜光纤耦合系统——球形透镜光纤耦合系统、锥形透镜光纤耦合系统、柱状楔形透镜光纤耦合系统,通过设定大功率半导体激光器和透镜光纤的参数,可以模拟出它们的模场,耦合效率随焦距、位移误差以及角度误差变化情况。
对仿真软件进行测试,测试的目的是通过与实验数据相比较,验证所开发的系统的准确性和实用性。由于实验条件有限,本文采用将仿真结果与国内外多个研究者的实验结果进行比较,分析引起仿真结果和实验结果的不同的原因,例如研究者在实验过程中操作不当引起的损耗等。
另外,本文对合束器进行了初步的实验研究。目前,国外研究合束器的技术水平高于国内研究水平,国内外的研究成果较少,且具有很强的保密性,合束器具有很重要的应用性,所以研究合束器具有很重要的意义。
合束器的实验设备主要有拉锥机、熔接机等。在实验过程中,需要不断尝试设置拉锥机的拉锥速度和火焰温度,因为它们决定着多根光纤的熔合程度。经多次拉锥实验,制作了出光功率约为95%的3×3的耦合器。分析了实验过程中遇到的问题,并提出一些改进意见。
The development fields of high-power semiconductor lasers are wider and wider, such as the light sources and pumping sources of optical fiber amplifies in optical fiber communication systems, laser surgery operation in medicine, laser welding and heat processing in materials mechanical process and so on. The distance z light transfers, displacement offset and angle offset are crucial factors. So we design a kind of simulation software to simulate the couple between LD and lensed fiber.
The simulation software contains the main interface and three lened fiber coupling system--spherical lensed fiber coupling system, taper lensed fiber coupling system, wedge lensed fiber coupling system. By setting the parameters of high-power semiconductor laser and lens, the soft can simulate their mode fields, the coupling efficiency change with mode field, focal length, displacement offset and angle offset.
Firstly, we analyze mode distributions and matches to set models of the coupling systems. We can get the relation between the coupling efficiency and z. With the optimal z we can analyze how the displacement offsets, angle offsets of x, y direction influence the coupling efficiency.
The simulation software is designed implying the mixed programming VB and MATLAB.VB has unique advantages in user interface design and rapid development, but has disadvantage in dealing with complex data information. MATLAB is a powerful, operation simple language, which is of the ability in numerical calculation, symbolic computation and graphical visualization. We simulate the models with MATLAB and design the user interface with VB. ActiveX automation (OLE automation) method realize automation connection between VB and MATLAB.
The simulation software interface contains the main interface and three kinds of lened fiber coupling system --spherical lensed fiber coupling system, taper lensed fiber coupling system, wedge lensed fiber coupling system. By setting the parameters of high-power semiconductor laser and lened fiber, we can simulate the modes and the coupling efficiency
We test the simulation software to find the differences and errors by comparing the simulation data with experimental data. Due to limited experimental condition, we compare the simulation data with experimental data to analyze the differences between simulation results and experimental results of different reasons, such as the loss caused by the researchers'improper operation in the experimental process.
In addition, this paper discuss another issue--combiner. At present, the research level on combiner abroad is higher than that of domestic research. In a word, the research achievements are few, of a strong confidentiality, and of important practicality, so research combiner is of important significance.
The main experiment equipments are combined beams are taper broaching machine, welding machine etc. In the experimental process, we need to constantly try to set the speed and the flame temperature of pull cone machine, which determine the fusion degree of a number of fibers. After many experiments, we make the 3 x 3 coupler whose output optical efficiency is 95%. We analyze the problems of experiment, and puts forward some suggestion for improvement.
引文
[1].陈少武,韩勤,胡传贤,金才政,大功率半导体激光器光纤耦合模块的耦合光学系统[J],半导体学报,2001,22(12)：1572-1576
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[3]. Regis S.Fan and R.Brain Hooker,Tapered Polymer Single-Mode Waveguides for Mode Transformation[J],IEEE,Journal of Lightwave Technology,1999,17(3):466-474.
[4].王福娟,齐晓玲,蔡志岗,徐宇科,邓广安,李宝军,透镜光纤在光耦合中的应用研究[J],光纤与测试,2003(10)：27-28
[5].牛岗,樊仲维,王家赞,潘树志.大功率半导体激光光纤耦合技术进展[J],激光与光电子学进展,2001,41(3)：34-38
[6].蔡君,刘外喜.光纤合束器的研制和应用[J],光纤与电缆及其应用技术,2007(3)：17-19
[7].柴秀丽,毛海涛等.一种N×1光纤合束器[P].中国专利CN2748933,2005-12-28
[8].冯小明、方高瞻等.一种光纤合束器制作方法[P].中国专利200510126432,2007-6-13
[9].梁冬明.超连续谱合束器研究[D].长沙：国防科学技术大学2009
[10].高云峰,黄苏梅。一种光纤合束器[P].中国专利200910110240,2010-12-22
[11].罗亚梅,梁一平,熊玲玲.球状光纤耦合器的原理和参数设计[J],重庆师范大学学报,200623(1)：43-45
[12].刘翠青,李传文,曹巍,王正选,文齐.半导体激光器与单模光纤的球透镜耦合效率分析[J],全国第十一次光纤通信暨第十二届集成光学学术论文集,2003
[13].王田虎.半导体激光器和光纤耦合的实现方法[J],新乡师范高等专科学校学报,2007(9)：34-37
[14].于海鹰.半导体激光器与光纤高校耦合特性的研究[D].北京：北京工业大学2006
[15].H Kogelnik. Microwave Res. Instit. Symp. Series.J.Fox,Ed.Brooklyn,New York,1964,14:333-374
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[17].罗亚梅,梁一平,熊玲玲.球状光纤耦合器参数与耦合效率的关系[J].激光杂志,2006,27(3)：10-12
[18].张建.耦合半导体激光器进入光纤[J].激光技术,1996,20(3)：129-132
[19].杨齐民,王崇真,钟丽云等.激光束与光纤耦合的研究[J].云南工业大学学报,1995,11(1)：1-5
[20].阎永志.光纤耦合器的开发现状[J].压电与声光,1995,17(3)：12-16
[21].郝建军,王卫兵,滕爱萍.球形光纤探头耦合特性的研究[J].德州学院学报,1009,19(4)：48-50
[22].Heinemann S, Leininger L. Fiber coupled diode lasers and beam-shaped high-powerstacks[C].SPIE, 1998,3627:116-124
[23].吴金辉,李丽娜,潘玉寨,王立军.三种不同端面光纤阵列和半导体激光阵列耦合的模拟[J].发光学报.2005,26(1)：115-119
[24].周崇喜,刘银辉,谢伟民,杜春雷.大功率半导体激光器阵列光束耦合研究[J].中国激光,2004,31(11)： 1296-1300
[25].罗亚梅,梁一平,熊玲玲.球状光纤耦合器的原理和参数设计[J],重庆师范大学学报,200623(1)：4345
[26].马慧萍,刘丽华,杨乐民,李鹏生.光纤耦合问题的研究及球形端面光纤的应用[J],光电工程,200229(4)：46-49
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[2].李宝红,刘雪峰,黄德修.半导体激光器到单模光纤耦合技术的现状及发展趋势[J].光电子技术,1996,16(2)：137-142
[3]. Regis S.Fan and R.Brain Hooker,Tapered Polymer Single-Mode Waveguides for Mode Transformation[J],IEEE,Journal of Lightwave Technology,1999,17(3):466-474.
[4].王福娟,齐晓玲,蔡志岗,徐宇科,邓广安,李宝军,透镜光纤在光耦合中的应用研究[J],光纤与测试,2003(10)：27-28
[5].牛岗,樊仲维,王家赞,潘树志.大功率半导体激光光纤耦合技术进展[J],激光与光电子学进展,2001,41(3)：34-38
[6].蔡君,刘外喜.光纤合束器的研制和应用[J],光纤与电缆及其应用技术,2007(3)：17-19
[7].柴秀丽,毛海涛等.一种N×1光纤合束器[P].中国专利CN2748933,2005-12-28
[8].冯小明、方高瞻等.一种光纤合束器制作方法[P].中国专利200510126432,2007-6-13
[9].梁冬明.超连续谱合束器研究[D].长沙：国防科学技术大学2009
[10].高云峰,黄苏梅。一种光纤合束器[P].中国专利200910110240,2010-12-22
[11].罗亚梅,梁一平,熊玲玲.球状光纤耦合器的原理和参数设计[J],重庆师范大学学报,200623(1)：43-45
[12].刘翠青,李传文,曹巍,王正选,文齐.半导体激光器与单模光纤的球透镜耦合效率分析[J],全国第十一次光纤通信暨第十二届集成光学学术论文集,2003
[13].王田虎.半导体激光器和光纤耦合的实现方法[J],新乡师范高等专科学校学报,2007(9)：34-37
[14].于海鹰.半导体激光器与光纤高校耦合特性的研究[D].北京：北京工业大学2006
[15].H Kogelnik. Microwave Res. Instit. Symp. Series.J.Fox,Ed.Brooklyn,New York,1964,14:333-374
[16].聂刚,李宝红,刘雪峰,黄德修.半导体激光器到单模光纤的高效耦合技术[Jl,光通信技术,1996,20(2)：161-165
[17].罗亚梅,梁一平,熊玲玲.球状光纤耦合器参数与耦合效率的关系[J].激光杂志,2006,27(3)：10-12
[18].张建.耦合半导体激光器进入光纤[J].激光技术,1996,20(3)：129-132
[19].杨齐民,王崇真,钟丽云等.激光束与光纤耦合的研究[J].云南工业大学学报,1995,11(1)：1-5
[20].阎永志.光纤耦合器的开发现状[J].压电与声光,1995,17(3)：12-16
[21].郝建军,王卫兵,滕爱萍.球形光纤探头耦合特性的研究[J].德州学院学报,1009,19(4)：48-50
[22].Heinemann S, Leininger L. Fiber coupled diode lasers and beam-shaped high-powerstacks[C].SPIE, 1998,3627:116-124
[23].吴金辉,李丽娜,潘玉寨,王立军.三种不同端面光纤阵列和半导体激光阵列耦合的模拟[J].发光学报.2005,26(1)：115-119
[24].周崇喜,刘银辉,谢伟民,杜春雷.大功率半导体激光器阵列光束耦合研究[J].中国激光,2004,31(11)： 1296-1300
[25].罗亚梅,梁一平,熊玲玲.球状光纤耦合器的原理和参数设计[J],重庆师范大学学报,200623(1)：4345
[26].马慧萍,刘丽华,杨乐民,李鹏生.光纤耦合问题的研究及球形端面光纤的应用[J],光电工程,200229(4)：46-49
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