城市避震疏散场所规划设置研究
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摘要
近年来,全世界各地地震、洪涝、海啸等自然灾害频繁发生,给人民生活稳定带来了极不利的影响。从这些灾害发生的情况来看,城市的整体防震减灾功能远远滞后于其发展的矛盾日益的突出。建筑物作为人们生活、生产以及从事各类活动的重要场所,一旦发生重大灾害、事故极易造成群死群伤的灾难性后果。那么,如何提高建筑物防御突发性事件的能力,尤其是在城市中设置相当数量的避震疏散场所显得尤为重要。
在城市中规划建设一定数量的避震疏散场所,在自然灾害发生后,可以在很大程度上改善市民在灾难性地震后的生活质量,为灾民提供较为有保障的避难场所,减轻震后次生灾害也意义重大。避震疏散场所的大规模规划设置将成为世界城市防震减灾工作发展的未来发展趋势。
本论文从太原市特定的地域环境特征出发,结合建筑设计的角度,对太原市小店区的避震疏散场所的设置规划以及安全型分析做了一些研究。本文的主要研究工作如下：
首先,结合今几年我国地震频发的国情,震后的救援与灾民的安置等情况,以及地震给人民带来的极大的痛苦。结合国家地震中心关于我国乃至全球已经进入地震活跃期的猜想,我们可以看到我国城市设置建设相当数量的避震疏散场所的迫切性。通过大量的查阅文献资料,对国内外的避震疏散场所的设置建设以及设计理念做了调查、分析研究,借鉴了国内外相关专家的理论与实践,确定了本论文的研究内容、目的以及意义。
其次,通过大量的查阅文献资料,了解我国国内的相关政策法规,对避震疏散场所的概念给出定义,制定出了避震疏散场所规划的原则和要求,并对其功能及主要技术指标提出了技术性的要求,并提出合理的建议。
再次,针对太原市的地质、地貌、地震灾害分布状况以及已有的避震疏散场所设置现状、存在的问题做了详尽的调查、统计和分析。
最后,就太原市小店区中心城镇的避震疏散场所的规划设置以及未来的发展情况做了简要的分析,提出了建设性的策略意见。
通过前面的研究本文得出了以下结论：
(1)政府要重视城市避震疏散场所的规划建设问题,要加强对城市建设的管理与规划工作,努力宣传提高全民防灾的意识,并且制定出相关的政策法规。
(2)宣传城市避震疏散场所的用途、位置、功能。通过各种媒体,教育机构向市民宣传避震疏散常识,让市民知晓城市各个避震疏散场所的名称、位置、疏散的路线、场所的应急制度、应急标示等。
(3)加固、改造一些已建成大型的大空间的公共建筑以及各类学校的教学楼、宿舍楼等建筑物,作为避震疏散场所。对一些已建成的大空间公共建筑进行加固改造,可以有效增加太原市避震疏散场所的数量。
(4)为所有作为避震疏散场所的公共建筑规划设置完善的配套应急设施。太原市小店区可以作为避震疏散场所的公共建筑基本都不具备应急避震疏散场所的功能要求,所以急需为这类公共建筑配备完善的应急设施。
(5)规划储备避震疏散场所的应急物资。估计震后灾民生后所需的各种物资和服务,在城市每个避震疏散场所建立储备仓库并设专人管理。
(6)为可作为避震疏散场所的公园、绿地增加避震疏散功能。建议应该根据《城市抗震防灾规划标准》的要求为这些公园、绿地配备相应的应急设施和物资储备,以满足破坏性地震发生后灾民在此长期避难生活的需要。
(7)近几年,太原市小店区正进行大规模的旧城改造和城中村改造,如果在改造中能充分考虑防灾避难场所并且合理规划建设,将提高小店区的抵御各种灾害能力,有利于人民群众的生命安全得到更好的保障。
In recent years, the worldwide earthquakes, floods, tsunamis and other natural disasters occur frequently, bring stability to the people living a very negative impact. From these disaster situation, the city lags far behind the overall function of earthquake disaster reduction in their development have become increasingly prominent. Buildings as people live, production, and an important place in the various activities, in the event of major disasters, accidents can easily result in catastrophic consequences. So, how to improve building the capacity of defense, emergencies, especially in urban settings place a considerable number of evacuating is particularly important.
Plans the construction certain amount in the city to shock proof disperses the place, after the natural disaster occurs, may improve resident's after disastrous earthquake quality of life to a great extent, provides for the disaster victims has the safeguard to seek asylum the place, after reducing shakes, the secondary disaster significance to be also significant. Will shock proof disperses the place the large-scale plan establishment to become the world city quakeproof disaster reduction work development the future trend of development.
The present paper embarks from the Taiyuan specific region environment characteristic, the union architectural design's angle, shocked proof to the Xiaodian region of Taiyuan area disperses the place the establishment plan as well as the security analysis has done some research. This article main research work is as follows:
First, the union several year our country earthquake frequency sends now the national condition, after shaking the rescue with disaster victims'situations and so on placement, as well as the earthquake the enormous pain which brings to the people. The union country seismic center already entered the earthquake active phase about our country and even the whole world the suspicion, we may see our country city establishment construction considerable amount shocks proof disperses the place the urgency. Through the massive consult literature material, to domestic and foreign shocked proof disperses the place the establishment to construct as well as designs the idea to make the investigation, the analytical study, has profited from the domestic and foreign related expert's theory and the practice, has determined the present paper research content, the goal as well as the significance.
Next, through the massive consult literature material, understood that our country domestic related policies and regulations, to shock proof disperse the place the concept to give the definition, formulated has shocked proof disperses the place plan the principle and the request, and proposed to its function and the major technique target the technical request, and put forward the reasonable proposal.
Once more, in view of Taiyuan's geology, the landform, the earthquake disaster distribution condition as well as shocked proof existing disperses the place establishment present situation, the existence question to make the exhaustive investigation, the statistics and the analysis.
Finally, will shock proof on the Taiyuan Xiaodian region center cities disperses the place the plan establishment as well as future state of play has made the brief analysis, gave the constructive strategy comment.
According to the research of this article in front is obtained the following conclusions:
(1)The government must take the city to shock proof disperses the place the plan construction question, must strengthen to urban construction's management and the plan works, propagandizes diligently raises consciousness which all the people against disasters, and makes the related policies and regulations.
(2)Propagandizes the city to shock proof disperses the place the use, the position, the function. Through each kind of media, the educational institution propagandizes to the resident shocks proof the dispersal general knowledge, lets the resident know the city to shock proof one by one disperses the place the name, the position, the dispersal route, the place emergency system, the emergency indication and so on.
(3)Reinforcement and reconstruction some has built large space of public buildings and of all kinds school building, building buildings, such as the shock absorber evacuation. For some of the large space already built public buildings can effectively increase reinforcement renovation in Taiyuan city, the number of shock absorber for evacuation.
(4)Shocks proof for all achievement disperses the place the public building plan establishment perfect necessary emergency facility. The Xiaodian region of Taiyuan may take shocks proof disperses the place the public building basic not to have emergency shocks proof disperses the place the function request, therefore provides the consummation urgently needed for this kind of public building the emergency facility.
(5)Planning reserves of shock absorber for evacuation emergency supplies. Estimates for earthquake victims after birth of goods and services in the city, the shock absorber for evacuation each established reserves warehouse and designated personnel.
(6)As the shock absorber for the evacuation park, the green space increases the shock absorber evacuation function. Advice should be according to the《standard of urban earthquake disaster prevention》plan for these requirements of the park, the green space equip corresponding emergency facilities and material storage to meet after the occurrence of a destructive earthquake victims in this life requires long-term shelter.
(7)In recent years, Xiaodian region are on a large scale in Taiyuan city the urban renewal and villages in reforming transform, if can fully consider refuge places and reasonable planning and construction, will improve the Xiaodian region against various disasters ability, is advantageous in the people's life safety get better protection.
在城市中规划建设一定数量的避震疏散场所,在自然灾害发生后,可以在很大程度上改善市民在灾难性地震后的生活质量,为灾民提供较为有保障的避难场所,减轻震后次生灾害也意义重大。避震疏散场所的大规模规划设置将成为世界城市防震减灾工作发展的未来发展趋势。
本论文从太原市特定的地域环境特征出发,结合建筑设计的角度,对太原市小店区的避震疏散场所的设置规划以及安全型分析做了一些研究。本文的主要研究工作如下：
首先,结合今几年我国地震频发的国情,震后的救援与灾民的安置等情况,以及地震给人民带来的极大的痛苦。结合国家地震中心关于我国乃至全球已经进入地震活跃期的猜想,我们可以看到我国城市设置建设相当数量的避震疏散场所的迫切性。通过大量的查阅文献资料,对国内外的避震疏散场所的设置建设以及设计理念做了调查、分析研究,借鉴了国内外相关专家的理论与实践,确定了本论文的研究内容、目的以及意义。
其次,通过大量的查阅文献资料,了解我国国内的相关政策法规,对避震疏散场所的概念给出定义,制定出了避震疏散场所规划的原则和要求,并对其功能及主要技术指标提出了技术性的要求,并提出合理的建议。
再次,针对太原市的地质、地貌、地震灾害分布状况以及已有的避震疏散场所设置现状、存在的问题做了详尽的调查、统计和分析。
最后,就太原市小店区中心城镇的避震疏散场所的规划设置以及未来的发展情况做了简要的分析,提出了建设性的策略意见。
通过前面的研究本文得出了以下结论：
(1)政府要重视城市避震疏散场所的规划建设问题,要加强对城市建设的管理与规划工作,努力宣传提高全民防灾的意识,并且制定出相关的政策法规。
(2)宣传城市避震疏散场所的用途、位置、功能。通过各种媒体,教育机构向市民宣传避震疏散常识,让市民知晓城市各个避震疏散场所的名称、位置、疏散的路线、场所的应急制度、应急标示等。
(3)加固、改造一些已建成大型的大空间的公共建筑以及各类学校的教学楼、宿舍楼等建筑物,作为避震疏散场所。对一些已建成的大空间公共建筑进行加固改造,可以有效增加太原市避震疏散场所的数量。
(4)为所有作为避震疏散场所的公共建筑规划设置完善的配套应急设施。太原市小店区可以作为避震疏散场所的公共建筑基本都不具备应急避震疏散场所的功能要求,所以急需为这类公共建筑配备完善的应急设施。
(5)规划储备避震疏散场所的应急物资。估计震后灾民生后所需的各种物资和服务,在城市每个避震疏散场所建立储备仓库并设专人管理。
(6)为可作为避震疏散场所的公园、绿地增加避震疏散功能。建议应该根据《城市抗震防灾规划标准》的要求为这些公园、绿地配备相应的应急设施和物资储备,以满足破坏性地震发生后灾民在此长期避难生活的需要。
(7)近几年,太原市小店区正进行大规模的旧城改造和城中村改造,如果在改造中能充分考虑防灾避难场所并且合理规划建设,将提高小店区的抵御各种灾害能力,有利于人民群众的生命安全得到更好的保障。
In recent years, the worldwide earthquakes, floods, tsunamis and other natural disasters occur frequently, bring stability to the people living a very negative impact. From these disaster situation, the city lags far behind the overall function of earthquake disaster reduction in their development have become increasingly prominent. Buildings as people live, production, and an important place in the various activities, in the event of major disasters, accidents can easily result in catastrophic consequences. So, how to improve building the capacity of defense, emergencies, especially in urban settings place a considerable number of evacuating is particularly important.
Plans the construction certain amount in the city to shock proof disperses the place, after the natural disaster occurs, may improve resident's after disastrous earthquake quality of life to a great extent, provides for the disaster victims has the safeguard to seek asylum the place, after reducing shakes, the secondary disaster significance to be also significant. Will shock proof disperses the place the large-scale plan establishment to become the world city quakeproof disaster reduction work development the future trend of development.
The present paper embarks from the Taiyuan specific region environment characteristic, the union architectural design's angle, shocked proof to the Xiaodian region of Taiyuan area disperses the place the establishment plan as well as the security analysis has done some research. This article main research work is as follows:
First, the union several year our country earthquake frequency sends now the national condition, after shaking the rescue with disaster victims'situations and so on placement, as well as the earthquake the enormous pain which brings to the people. The union country seismic center already entered the earthquake active phase about our country and even the whole world the suspicion, we may see our country city establishment construction considerable amount shocks proof disperses the place the urgency. Through the massive consult literature material, to domestic and foreign shocked proof disperses the place the establishment to construct as well as designs the idea to make the investigation, the analytical study, has profited from the domestic and foreign related expert's theory and the practice, has determined the present paper research content, the goal as well as the significance.
Next, through the massive consult literature material, understood that our country domestic related policies and regulations, to shock proof disperse the place the concept to give the definition, formulated has shocked proof disperses the place plan the principle and the request, and proposed to its function and the major technique target the technical request, and put forward the reasonable proposal.
Once more, in view of Taiyuan's geology, the landform, the earthquake disaster distribution condition as well as shocked proof existing disperses the place establishment present situation, the existence question to make the exhaustive investigation, the statistics and the analysis.
Finally, will shock proof on the Taiyuan Xiaodian region center cities disperses the place the plan establishment as well as future state of play has made the brief analysis, gave the constructive strategy comment.
According to the research of this article in front is obtained the following conclusions:
(1)The government must take the city to shock proof disperses the place the plan construction question, must strengthen to urban construction's management and the plan works, propagandizes diligently raises consciousness which all the people against disasters, and makes the related policies and regulations.
(2)Propagandizes the city to shock proof disperses the place the use, the position, the function. Through each kind of media, the educational institution propagandizes to the resident shocks proof the dispersal general knowledge, lets the resident know the city to shock proof one by one disperses the place the name, the position, the dispersal route, the place emergency system, the emergency indication and so on.
(3)Reinforcement and reconstruction some has built large space of public buildings and of all kinds school building, building buildings, such as the shock absorber evacuation. For some of the large space already built public buildings can effectively increase reinforcement renovation in Taiyuan city, the number of shock absorber for evacuation.
(4)Shocks proof for all achievement disperses the place the public building plan establishment perfect necessary emergency facility. The Xiaodian region of Taiyuan may take shocks proof disperses the place the public building basic not to have emergency shocks proof disperses the place the function request, therefore provides the consummation urgently needed for this kind of public building the emergency facility.
(5)Planning reserves of shock absorber for evacuation emergency supplies. Estimates for earthquake victims after birth of goods and services in the city, the shock absorber for evacuation each established reserves warehouse and designated personnel.
(6)As the shock absorber for the evacuation park, the green space increases the shock absorber evacuation function. Advice should be according to the《standard of urban earthquake disaster prevention》plan for these requirements of the park, the green space equip corresponding emergency facilities and material storage to meet after the occurrence of a destructive earthquake victims in this life requires long-term shelter.
(7)In recent years, Xiaodian region are on a large scale in Taiyuan city the urban renewal and villages in reforming transform, if can fully consider refuge places and reasonable planning and construction, will improve the Xiaodian region against various disasters ability, is advantageous in the people's life safety get better protection.
引文
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