基于长寿命沥青路面设计理念的沥青混合料疲劳阀值研究
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摘要
本研究依托交通运输部行业联合科技攻关项目“重载交通下长寿命沥青路面结构应用技术研究”,基于长寿命沥青路面设计理念,对沥青混合料的疲劳阀值展开探索性研究。文献调查表明,对于沥青混合料的疲劳阀值,即疲劳极限应变,理论上是存在的,要进行长寿命结构设计,须明确不同沥青混合料的疲劳阀值,而现有的疲劳寿命预估模型不能准确表征沥青混合料在小应变状态下的疲劳特性,也不能直接推导出疲劳阀值。因此,选择合理的疲劳阀值指标,研究疲劳阀值的室内试验方法,是进行经济、合理的设计长寿命沥青路面结构的一个关键前提。
本文试验研究选用了AC-25、ATB-25和AC-20三种沥青混合料,其中AC-20是改性沥青混合料。混合料的级配设计原则为接近工程实际,主要以疲劳性能研究为主,成型的疲劳试件的设计空隙率为6%。采用四点弯曲疲劳试验,进行15℃、10Hz条件下的半正失波形加载。分别设定不同的控制应变,进行试验并获得对应疲劳寿命。因此混合料的路用性能(动稳定度、低温弯曲破坏应变和冻融劈裂残留强度比)指标仅作为验证性指标,以确保研究的混合料满足工程中的最普遍适应性。
本研究在分析国内外疲劳模型基础上,将传统疲劳方程中引入疲劳阀值参数,建立具有疲劳阀值意义的三参数应变-疲劳寿命幂函数模型。对高速公路中常用的三种沥青混合料进行疲劳阀值研究,求解出相应的疲劳阀值,为长寿命沥青路面设计提供理论依据。并进行了低应变的附加疲劳试验,建立劲度模量与疲劳寿命的衰变方程,介绍了用外延法预测低应变的疲劳寿命的方法,得到试验条件下的低应变的疲劳寿命,并与传统幂函数模型和本文研究的三参数模型进行对比分析。研究表明,三参数应变-疲劳寿命幂函数方程更具有代表性和更高的可靠度,预估低应变区域疲劳寿命效果更佳。采用本研究得到的疲劳阀值作为设计控制指标,利用有限元软件,对目前国内两种路面典型结构进行长寿命设计,结果表明,半刚性基层和柔性基层结构都有实现长寿命的可能。
This study relies on the Ministry of Transport Industry Joint scientific and technological project“The Application Research about Long-Life Asphalt Pavement Structure under Heave Traffic”. Based on long-life asphalt pavement design idea, this study tentatively researches the fatigue threshold of asphalt mixture. According to the results of literature review, the fatigue threshold of asphalt mixtures, i.e. fatigue limited strain, exist theoretically and is the critical index for the design of long-life asphalt pavement. The current fatigue model of asphalt mixture can't describe the fatigue behavior exactly under the low strain condition. Therefore, it is premise for economical and reasonable long-life asphalt pavement to study the fatigue threshold testing method and choose the proper values for different asphalt mixtures.
Three kinds of asphalt mixture AC-25, ATB-25 and AC-20 are designed to prepare specimens. The mixture of AC-20 adopts modified asphalt and the principle of mixture gradation design is closed to the engineering practice. The designing gap rate of specimens is 6%. Four points bending fatigue tests were performed with the separate control strains, under the condition of 15℃&10Hz and the half lost waveform load to obtain the corresponding fatigue numbers. The complement indexes including dynamic stability, low-temperature bending fracture strain and freeze-thaw splitting residual strength ratio were also tested to ensure the used mixtures in this study satisfy practice requirements.
By analyzing the classical fatigue models home and abroad, the fatigue threshold parameters are introduced into the traditional fatigue equation and the power function model with three parameters is established to illustrate the fatigue threshold phenomenon precisely. The fatigue thresholds for the three kinds of mixtures above are presented separately using the fatigue threshold model. On the other hand, the low strain additional fatigue, establishing decline equation concern with strength modulus and fatigue life to forecast low strain fatigue life and get the low strain fatigue life under the test condition was complemented. By comparing the traditional model and three parameters models, it was concluded that the latter model is more reliable and representative in estimating low strain fatigue life. The classic pavement structures are redesigned adopting the fatigue thresholds by Finite Element Methods. The design results show that the semi-rigid base and flexible base structure have the potential to achieve long life.
本文试验研究选用了AC-25、ATB-25和AC-20三种沥青混合料,其中AC-20是改性沥青混合料。混合料的级配设计原则为接近工程实际,主要以疲劳性能研究为主,成型的疲劳试件的设计空隙率为6%。采用四点弯曲疲劳试验,进行15℃、10Hz条件下的半正失波形加载。分别设定不同的控制应变,进行试验并获得对应疲劳寿命。因此混合料的路用性能(动稳定度、低温弯曲破坏应变和冻融劈裂残留强度比)指标仅作为验证性指标,以确保研究的混合料满足工程中的最普遍适应性。
本研究在分析国内外疲劳模型基础上,将传统疲劳方程中引入疲劳阀值参数,建立具有疲劳阀值意义的三参数应变-疲劳寿命幂函数模型。对高速公路中常用的三种沥青混合料进行疲劳阀值研究,求解出相应的疲劳阀值,为长寿命沥青路面设计提供理论依据。并进行了低应变的附加疲劳试验,建立劲度模量与疲劳寿命的衰变方程,介绍了用外延法预测低应变的疲劳寿命的方法,得到试验条件下的低应变的疲劳寿命,并与传统幂函数模型和本文研究的三参数模型进行对比分析。研究表明,三参数应变-疲劳寿命幂函数方程更具有代表性和更高的可靠度,预估低应变区域疲劳寿命效果更佳。采用本研究得到的疲劳阀值作为设计控制指标,利用有限元软件,对目前国内两种路面典型结构进行长寿命设计,结果表明,半刚性基层和柔性基层结构都有实现长寿命的可能。
This study relies on the Ministry of Transport Industry Joint scientific and technological project“The Application Research about Long-Life Asphalt Pavement Structure under Heave Traffic”. Based on long-life asphalt pavement design idea, this study tentatively researches the fatigue threshold of asphalt mixture. According to the results of literature review, the fatigue threshold of asphalt mixtures, i.e. fatigue limited strain, exist theoretically and is the critical index for the design of long-life asphalt pavement. The current fatigue model of asphalt mixture can't describe the fatigue behavior exactly under the low strain condition. Therefore, it is premise for economical and reasonable long-life asphalt pavement to study the fatigue threshold testing method and choose the proper values for different asphalt mixtures.
Three kinds of asphalt mixture AC-25, ATB-25 and AC-20 are designed to prepare specimens. The mixture of AC-20 adopts modified asphalt and the principle of mixture gradation design is closed to the engineering practice. The designing gap rate of specimens is 6%. Four points bending fatigue tests were performed with the separate control strains, under the condition of 15℃&10Hz and the half lost waveform load to obtain the corresponding fatigue numbers. The complement indexes including dynamic stability, low-temperature bending fracture strain and freeze-thaw splitting residual strength ratio were also tested to ensure the used mixtures in this study satisfy practice requirements.
By analyzing the classical fatigue models home and abroad, the fatigue threshold parameters are introduced into the traditional fatigue equation and the power function model with three parameters is established to illustrate the fatigue threshold phenomenon precisely. The fatigue thresholds for the three kinds of mixtures above are presented separately using the fatigue threshold model. On the other hand, the low strain additional fatigue, establishing decline equation concern with strength modulus and fatigue life to forecast low strain fatigue life and get the low strain fatigue life under the test condition was complemented. By comparing the traditional model and three parameters models, it was concluded that the latter model is more reliable and representative in estimating low strain fatigue life. The classic pavement structures are redesigned adopting the fatigue thresholds by Finite Element Methods. The design results show that the semi-rigid base and flexible base structure have the potential to achieve long life.
引文
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