细粒尾矿高堆坝抗震液化稳定性研究
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摘要
尾矿坝是堆积金属及非金属等选矿废弃物的构筑物,也是矿山里的重大危险源之一。尤其对于高地震烈度地区的细粒尾矿高堆坝,一旦发生溃坝的事故,将给尾矿坝下游人民的生命财产造成巨大损失,对环境安全构成严重的威胁。本论文通过理论分析、现场测试、室内试验、数值分析和现场工程实践相结合的方法,对细粒尾矿高堆坝抗震液化稳定性进行了较为系统的研究。所完成的主要工作和得出的结论如下:
(1)分析了国内外细粒尾矿筑坝和高堆坝抗震液化稳定性研究现状,提出了系统研究细粒尾矿高堆坝抗震液化稳定性分析的迫切性。针对尾矿进行颗粒组成分析,物理力学性质分析及动力特性分析。通过对不均匀系数和曲率系数的计算分析,得出该细粒尾矿趋于级配良好的土;浅层的尾粉砂、尾粉土粘粒含量均小于13%,8度地震时具有液化可能,需更进一步的抗震液化分析。
(2)利用Geo-Studio岩土软件建立不同筑坝高度的概化模型,通过拟静力法计算分析不同筑坝高度的稳定性安全系数,初步确定该细粒尾矿坝可堆筑至115m。
(3)为近一步论证坝体的抗震液化稳定性,建立尾矿坝动力响应分析的概化模型,利用人工合成的地震波对其进行动力响应分析。对坝体不同部位的地震反应加速度、位移的不同及随时间的变化进行分析,对比地震前后空隙水压力的变化,得出与我国上游法尾矿坝实际地震观测到的情况相符的结论。
(4)结合常规的现场液化判别和剪应力对比法得出8度地震作用下坝体浅层尾矿砂易于液化,液化区主要集中在库内水面线以下和下游坝坡坡脚处。地震作用下尾矿坝洪水位运行情况下坝体浸润线更高,使得下游坡脚处的尾砂更容易发生液化,范围也更大,下游坝坡可能发生较大规模的浅层滑动,影响坝体的整体稳定性。
(5)结合抗震液化稳定性分析结果和工程实际情况,为提高细粒尾矿高堆坝的抗震液化稳定性提出应对措施。坝坡可采用大口辐射井措施进行排渗,降低坝坡地下水位,以杜绝尾矿砂的液化根源;库内可采用排水井,隧洞等形式进行排洪,防治超洪水位运行;可采取贴坡反滤排水,提高坝体抗震能力等等。
Tailings dam is a heap of metal and non-metallic structures such as mineral processing wastes and also one of the major hazards in mines. Especially for areas of high seismic intensity high fine tailings stacked dam, in the event of dam-break accident, will give the people downstream of tailings dam caused huge losses of life and property, the environment pose a serious threat. This paper, through theoretical analysis, field testing, laboratory test, numerical analysis and field method of combining engineering practice, in seismic liquefaction stability of the fine tailings dam high heap a more systematic study. The main works done and the conclusions obtained are as follows:
(1) Analysis of fine-grained tailings dams at home and abroad, and high stability of the heap status of dam seismic liquefaction. This paper made a systematic study of fine tailings dam of high seismic liquefaction reactor stability analysis of urgency. Tailings conducted for the analysis of particle composition, physical and mechanical properties analysis and dynamic properties analysis. Through the calculation and analysis of Uniformity coefficient and curvature coefficient, the fine tailings tend to draw level with a good soil. The clay of Shallow mealy sand and tail silt content less than 13%, which may be liquefied, in the case of 8-degree earthquake, so seismic liquefaction need further analysis.
(2) Using the geotechnical software Geo-Studio create different conceptual model for dam height, Calculated by pseudo-static method analysis of different high degree of stability safety factor of Dams, Preliminarily determined that the fine-grained tailings dam can be stacked to 115m.
(3) Established dynamic response conceptual model of tailings dam for taking a step forward arguments for the stability of the dam's stability of anti-liquefaction. Use of synthetic seismic wave analysis of its dynamic response, and analyze different parts of the seismic response of dam acceleration, displacement and which changes over time in different. Compared the changes of void water pressure between before and after the earthquake, and draw it match with our tailing dam constructed with upstream method Observed in the case of actual earthquake.
(4) Combined with conventional liquefaction estimation and shear stress contrast method to get the shallow tailings dam liquefaction easy under 8 degrees of earthquake. Liquefied area mainly concentrated in the bank below the water surface and the downstream slope toe. Tailings dam under flood water to run a higher saturation line, Made at the downstream toe of the tailings is more prone to liquefaction, the range is greater, large-scale downstream slope of the shallow slide may occur, affecting the overall stability of the dam.
(5) Combined with the results of anti-liquefaction stability analysis and practical engineering, dam slope can use the drainage measures of Large-diameter radial well, reduce the slope water table, to eliminate causes of liquefied tailings; Drainage wells, tunnels and other forms can be used for inside the part of the tailings drainage, flood prevention and control over operations; You can also take sticking slope antilittering drainage, Improve the anti-liquefaction capacity of the dam, and so on.
(1)分析了国内外细粒尾矿筑坝和高堆坝抗震液化稳定性研究现状,提出了系统研究细粒尾矿高堆坝抗震液化稳定性分析的迫切性。针对尾矿进行颗粒组成分析,物理力学性质分析及动力特性分析。通过对不均匀系数和曲率系数的计算分析,得出该细粒尾矿趋于级配良好的土;浅层的尾粉砂、尾粉土粘粒含量均小于13%,8度地震时具有液化可能,需更进一步的抗震液化分析。
(2)利用Geo-Studio岩土软件建立不同筑坝高度的概化模型,通过拟静力法计算分析不同筑坝高度的稳定性安全系数,初步确定该细粒尾矿坝可堆筑至115m。
(3)为近一步论证坝体的抗震液化稳定性,建立尾矿坝动力响应分析的概化模型,利用人工合成的地震波对其进行动力响应分析。对坝体不同部位的地震反应加速度、位移的不同及随时间的变化进行分析,对比地震前后空隙水压力的变化,得出与我国上游法尾矿坝实际地震观测到的情况相符的结论。
(4)结合常规的现场液化判别和剪应力对比法得出8度地震作用下坝体浅层尾矿砂易于液化,液化区主要集中在库内水面线以下和下游坝坡坡脚处。地震作用下尾矿坝洪水位运行情况下坝体浸润线更高,使得下游坡脚处的尾砂更容易发生液化,范围也更大,下游坝坡可能发生较大规模的浅层滑动,影响坝体的整体稳定性。
(5)结合抗震液化稳定性分析结果和工程实际情况,为提高细粒尾矿高堆坝的抗震液化稳定性提出应对措施。坝坡可采用大口辐射井措施进行排渗,降低坝坡地下水位,以杜绝尾矿砂的液化根源;库内可采用排水井,隧洞等形式进行排洪,防治超洪水位运行;可采取贴坡反滤排水,提高坝体抗震能力等等。
Tailings dam is a heap of metal and non-metallic structures such as mineral processing wastes and also one of the major hazards in mines. Especially for areas of high seismic intensity high fine tailings stacked dam, in the event of dam-break accident, will give the people downstream of tailings dam caused huge losses of life and property, the environment pose a serious threat. This paper, through theoretical analysis, field testing, laboratory test, numerical analysis and field method of combining engineering practice, in seismic liquefaction stability of the fine tailings dam high heap a more systematic study. The main works done and the conclusions obtained are as follows:
(1) Analysis of fine-grained tailings dams at home and abroad, and high stability of the heap status of dam seismic liquefaction. This paper made a systematic study of fine tailings dam of high seismic liquefaction reactor stability analysis of urgency. Tailings conducted for the analysis of particle composition, physical and mechanical properties analysis and dynamic properties analysis. Through the calculation and analysis of Uniformity coefficient and curvature coefficient, the fine tailings tend to draw level with a good soil. The clay of Shallow mealy sand and tail silt content less than 13%, which may be liquefied, in the case of 8-degree earthquake, so seismic liquefaction need further analysis.
(2) Using the geotechnical software Geo-Studio create different conceptual model for dam height, Calculated by pseudo-static method analysis of different high degree of stability safety factor of Dams, Preliminarily determined that the fine-grained tailings dam can be stacked to 115m.
(3) Established dynamic response conceptual model of tailings dam for taking a step forward arguments for the stability of the dam's stability of anti-liquefaction. Use of synthetic seismic wave analysis of its dynamic response, and analyze different parts of the seismic response of dam acceleration, displacement and which changes over time in different. Compared the changes of void water pressure between before and after the earthquake, and draw it match with our tailing dam constructed with upstream method Observed in the case of actual earthquake.
(4) Combined with conventional liquefaction estimation and shear stress contrast method to get the shallow tailings dam liquefaction easy under 8 degrees of earthquake. Liquefied area mainly concentrated in the bank below the water surface and the downstream slope toe. Tailings dam under flood water to run a higher saturation line, Made at the downstream toe of the tailings is more prone to liquefaction, the range is greater, large-scale downstream slope of the shallow slide may occur, affecting the overall stability of the dam.
(5) Combined with the results of anti-liquefaction stability analysis and practical engineering, dam slope can use the drainage measures of Large-diameter radial well, reduce the slope water table, to eliminate causes of liquefied tailings; Drainage wells, tunnels and other forms can be used for inside the part of the tailings drainage, flood prevention and control over operations; You can also take sticking slope antilittering drainage, Improve the anti-liquefaction capacity of the dam, and so on.
引文
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