东海玉泉构造带及其邻区的构造特征及演化研究
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摘要
本项研究以大量地震、钻井资料为基础,对玉泉构造及周边区域30几条二维测线、进行了10个地震反射层位(Tg、T34、T32、T30、T20、T16、T12、T10、T0)的标定和构造解释,采用定性与定量、区域构造与局部构造研究相结合的思路,运用剖面伸缩量分析、断层活动速率计算、断层的反转率分析、平衡剖面研究等各种地质分析方法,从几何学、运动学、动力学三个方面对研究区主要目的层系的反转构造样式、反转期次、反转强度、构造演化过程等进行了系统、定量的分析和研究,为盆地的油气资源勘探提供了参考。
研究发现,玉泉构造主要经历了玉泉、花港、龙井三次构造反转运动,分别对应于可明显识别的T30(始新世末)、T20(渐新世末)、T12(中新世末)三个区域不整合面界面。其中,中新世晚期的龙井运动(T12)是最强的一次扭压反转构造运动,使得早期发育的中央坳陷不断隆升、遭受剥蚀。并最终造就了现今的中央反转构造带构造格局。通过对玉泉构造几何学的研究,我们发现西湖凹陷反转类型丰富,在研究区可识别出五种基本的反转构造样式：上下均正型、下正上逆型、上下均逆型、下凹上凸型、下正上隆型。反转构造平面组合几何形态众多,发育有Y形、反Y形、人字形、入字形、复合Y字形、火字形、似花状和帚状八种反转构造组合样式。从反转强度来看,通过对研究区反转构造活动速率和反转率的定量统计计算结果表明,中央隆起带反转构造的总体上表现为由北部(反转断层活动速率和反转率分别为5.3～5.9m/Ma、0.5～0.96)向南部(反转构造的活动速率和反转率分别为2.3～2.8m/Ma、0.24～0.5)反转强度逐渐减弱的趋势,北部反转断层的穿透性明显强于南部地区的反转断层。
通过平衡剖面的制作及对玉泉构造区域动力学的了解,得知玉泉构造是由古、始新世开始形成发育的,经历了多阶段的构造演化。在渐新世之前,盆地以裂陷——断陷构造样式为特征；在渐新世——中新世,盆地以坳陷——挤压反转构造样式为主；在上新世以来,以区域稳定沉降为主。新生代大体上演化经历了裂陷阶段、断陷阶段、坳陷阶段、挤压反转阶段和区域性沉降五个阶段,不同的构造演化阶段具有不同的构造作用,控制着盆地内的各种构造样式及圈闭的形成与演化。
玉泉构造断层发育众多,从其规模大小及影响范围来可分为一、二、三级断裂。此外,通过对研究区内构造图的绘制、研究,可发现反转断层的生成时间是从北向南、从西向东逐渐发展的。
This research based on a large amount of seismic and drilling data carries out calibration and structure interpretation to 10 seismic reflection horizon(Tg、T34、T32、T30、T21、T20、T16、T12、T10、T0) and exceed 30 two-dimensional lines surrounding Yuquan structure. It takes use of the thought of combining quality and quantity,regional and local structure research. Additionally the study apply various geological analysis methods such as section extension analysis,fault activity rate calculation,the reversal rate analysis of fault and balanced section study. In terms of geometry,kinematics and dynamics,the study simulation-analyze and research reverse tectonic style, reverse period, reverse strength and tectonic evolution process of the main target intervals systematically and quantitatively and it offers a reference to the oil and gas exploration of the basin。
The study found that the Yuquan structure had mainly undergone three tectonic reverse movement such as Yuquan, Huagang and Longjing. The three movements partly correspond to three apparent regional unconformable surface such as T30(late Eocene),T20(late Oligocene),T12(late Miocene).Among them, the late Miocene Longjing movement(T12) is the strongest twisting-pressure reversion tectonic movement,enabling early developed central depressive basin uplift continuously and suffer erosion. Finally it create a modern central reversion structure framework. Because of the research of Yuquan structure geometry,we found that Xihu depressive basin was rich in reversion types and it could identify five basic reversion structure types in the research area:both the upper and lower normal model, lower normal and upper inverse model, both the upper and lower inverse model, lower concave and upper convex model, lower normal and upper uplift model. There are lots of inverse structure planar geometry combinations,such as y-shaped, anti-y-shaped, into-shaped,people-shaped, compound y-shaped. fire-shaped, flower-like-shaped and brush-shaped etc seven inverse tectonic combination styles.As to the inverse strengthen, the calculate result of the inverse tectonic activity rate and the inverse quantitative statistics to the research area showed that the central uplift reverse structure generally displayed a weaken trend from the north part (reverse fault activity rate and reverse the rate of respectively 5.3-5.9m/Ma,0.5-0.96) to the south (inversion tectonic activity rate and reversal rate were 2.3-2.8m/Ma.0.24-0.5).The penetration of northern reverse fault obviously stronger than that of the southern reverse fault.
Through the production of the balanced section and the regional dynamics of the Yuquan structure, we can know that the Yuquan structure began to develop in the ancient-Eocene and it experienced multi-stage tectonic evolution. Prior to the Oligocene, the basin is characterized by extensional tectonic style. In the Oligocene-Miocene it dominated in extrusive tectonic style. From the Miocene to now it has generally developed regional extensive strike-slip structure. During the Cenozoic era, the basin generally evolve five stages such as the rifting-concave stage, the rupture-concave stage, the depression-concave stage, the reversal depression-concave stage and the regional subsidence stage. Different tectonic evolution stage has different tectonic effect. Every effect controls different tectonic styles and trap development and evolution of the basin.
Yuquan structure developed a number of faults.It can be divided into one, two, three level fracture by the scope and impact. In addition,Through the drawing of the region structure. It can be found that the formation of reverse fault time is from north to south, from west to east.
研究发现,玉泉构造主要经历了玉泉、花港、龙井三次构造反转运动,分别对应于可明显识别的T30(始新世末)、T20(渐新世末)、T12(中新世末)三个区域不整合面界面。其中,中新世晚期的龙井运动(T12)是最强的一次扭压反转构造运动,使得早期发育的中央坳陷不断隆升、遭受剥蚀。并最终造就了现今的中央反转构造带构造格局。通过对玉泉构造几何学的研究,我们发现西湖凹陷反转类型丰富,在研究区可识别出五种基本的反转构造样式：上下均正型、下正上逆型、上下均逆型、下凹上凸型、下正上隆型。反转构造平面组合几何形态众多,发育有Y形、反Y形、人字形、入字形、复合Y字形、火字形、似花状和帚状八种反转构造组合样式。从反转强度来看,通过对研究区反转构造活动速率和反转率的定量统计计算结果表明,中央隆起带反转构造的总体上表现为由北部(反转断层活动速率和反转率分别为5.3～5.9m/Ma、0.5～0.96)向南部(反转构造的活动速率和反转率分别为2.3～2.8m/Ma、0.24～0.5)反转强度逐渐减弱的趋势,北部反转断层的穿透性明显强于南部地区的反转断层。
通过平衡剖面的制作及对玉泉构造区域动力学的了解,得知玉泉构造是由古、始新世开始形成发育的,经历了多阶段的构造演化。在渐新世之前,盆地以裂陷——断陷构造样式为特征；在渐新世——中新世,盆地以坳陷——挤压反转构造样式为主；在上新世以来,以区域稳定沉降为主。新生代大体上演化经历了裂陷阶段、断陷阶段、坳陷阶段、挤压反转阶段和区域性沉降五个阶段,不同的构造演化阶段具有不同的构造作用,控制着盆地内的各种构造样式及圈闭的形成与演化。
玉泉构造断层发育众多,从其规模大小及影响范围来可分为一、二、三级断裂。此外,通过对研究区内构造图的绘制、研究,可发现反转断层的生成时间是从北向南、从西向东逐渐发展的。
This research based on a large amount of seismic and drilling data carries out calibration and structure interpretation to 10 seismic reflection horizon(Tg、T34、T32、T30、T21、T20、T16、T12、T10、T0) and exceed 30 two-dimensional lines surrounding Yuquan structure. It takes use of the thought of combining quality and quantity,regional and local structure research. Additionally the study apply various geological analysis methods such as section extension analysis,fault activity rate calculation,the reversal rate analysis of fault and balanced section study. In terms of geometry,kinematics and dynamics,the study simulation-analyze and research reverse tectonic style, reverse period, reverse strength and tectonic evolution process of the main target intervals systematically and quantitatively and it offers a reference to the oil and gas exploration of the basin。
The study found that the Yuquan structure had mainly undergone three tectonic reverse movement such as Yuquan, Huagang and Longjing. The three movements partly correspond to three apparent regional unconformable surface such as T30(late Eocene),T20(late Oligocene),T12(late Miocene).Among them, the late Miocene Longjing movement(T12) is the strongest twisting-pressure reversion tectonic movement,enabling early developed central depressive basin uplift continuously and suffer erosion. Finally it create a modern central reversion structure framework. Because of the research of Yuquan structure geometry,we found that Xihu depressive basin was rich in reversion types and it could identify five basic reversion structure types in the research area:both the upper and lower normal model, lower normal and upper inverse model, both the upper and lower inverse model, lower concave and upper convex model, lower normal and upper uplift model. There are lots of inverse structure planar geometry combinations,such as y-shaped, anti-y-shaped, into-shaped,people-shaped, compound y-shaped. fire-shaped, flower-like-shaped and brush-shaped etc seven inverse tectonic combination styles.As to the inverse strengthen, the calculate result of the inverse tectonic activity rate and the inverse quantitative statistics to the research area showed that the central uplift reverse structure generally displayed a weaken trend from the north part (reverse fault activity rate and reverse the rate of respectively 5.3-5.9m/Ma,0.5-0.96) to the south (inversion tectonic activity rate and reversal rate were 2.3-2.8m/Ma.0.24-0.5).The penetration of northern reverse fault obviously stronger than that of the southern reverse fault.
Through the production of the balanced section and the regional dynamics of the Yuquan structure, we can know that the Yuquan structure began to develop in the ancient-Eocene and it experienced multi-stage tectonic evolution. Prior to the Oligocene, the basin is characterized by extensional tectonic style. In the Oligocene-Miocene it dominated in extrusive tectonic style. From the Miocene to now it has generally developed regional extensive strike-slip structure. During the Cenozoic era, the basin generally evolve five stages such as the rifting-concave stage, the rupture-concave stage, the depression-concave stage, the reversal depression-concave stage and the regional subsidence stage. Different tectonic evolution stage has different tectonic effect. Every effect controls different tectonic styles and trap development and evolution of the basin.
Yuquan structure developed a number of faults.It can be divided into one, two, three level fracture by the scope and impact. In addition,Through the drawing of the region structure. It can be found that the formation of reverse fault time is from north to south, from west to east.
引文
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