高浓度污泥分区机理及适用组件研制
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摘要
为保证废水生物处理系统的出水水质,工艺末端都需进行液固分离,其中以二沉池(重力沉降)和膜分离(机械筛分)较为常见。实践表明,当系统内污泥浓度增高时,液固分离稳定运行的难度加大。对二沉池而言,进池污泥浓度超过4gMLSS/L,则出水水质恶化,出水悬浮物明显升高。对膜分离来说,较高的污泥浓度(>10gMLSS/L)运行导致膜堵塞加剧、能耗骤升、膜清洗／更换费用显著增加。因此,高污泥浓度是制约二沉池和膜分离稳定运行的共性关键因素。如果能开发一种廉价可靠的技术,使得进泥浓度人为控制在3-5gMLSS/L,那么高浓度污泥对液固分离单元的限制即可解除。如此一来,生化单元便可维持在相对较高的污泥浓度稳定运行,从而提升处理效率、减少剩余污泥排放并降低总体能耗。
本研究自主研制一种次毫米过滤组件(SMFM, Sub-millifiltration module),并通过此组件对高浓度污泥的部分分离作用对反应器内的高浓度污泥强制调控分区,从而实现高、低污泥浓度的分区,保证进入二沉池和MBR区的污泥浓度在较佳的范围内,解除高浓度污泥对污水生物处理系统的束缚。
本文进行了以下几方面的研究：1.对高浓度污泥分区的机制机理进行了研究；2.对不同运行工况下(反应器内温度分别为20℃和5℃)高浓度污泥分区适用组件的研制进行了研究,为适用组件的研制提供合适的孔径范围。取得的主要成果有：
(1)对高浓度污泥分区进行物料衡算,得到稳态条件下两区(A区和B区)微生物浓度的理论计算公式。并从理论上分析XA、XB(微生物浓度)的变化规律,XA主要同HRTA(水力停留时间)以及进水COD浓度有关,HRTA越长,XA越小,进水COD越大,XA越大；XB主要同R(回流比)以及XA,B(次毫米过滤区出水微生物浓度)有关,R越大,XB越小,XA,B越大,XB越大。
(2)运行工况一(反应器内温度为20℃)试验：单周期运行时,最适用于高浓度污泥分区的过滤组件孔径为1.236mm,在初始通量为450L／m2.h,运行周期在20min内的出水平均通量为380 L／m2.h,平均SS为3.5g／L。多周期运行时,最适用于高浓度污泥分区的过滤组件孔径为0.581mm左右,稳定通量和稳定期SS为140L／m2.h和2.5g／L,稳定运行周期从第18个周期到第80个周期。其中0.581mm孔径以下的组件在此工况下运行时,过滤组件出水SS都能长周期的保持稳定并满足分区要求。
(3)运行工况二(反应器内温度为5℃)试验：在此运行工况下,过滤组件孔径在0.329mm以上时出水SS不能满足分区要求,所以不适用于工程实践中。本工况下最适用于高浓度污泥分区的过滤组件孔径在0.05-0.1mm之间。其中孔径为0.05mm的过滤组件在初始通量450L／m2.h、运行周期20min运行时,稳定通量可以达到170L／m2.h,为MBR膜通量的15-30倍左右,而且在此通量下系统可以稳定运行80个周期。
综合考虑运行工况一和运行工况二,适用于高浓度污泥分区的次毫米过滤组件研制应在0.05-0.1mm之间。
To ensure the effusive water quality in sewage biological disposal system,process ending are in need of solid-liquid separation, in which the secondary settling tank and membrane separation are more common. Practice shows that when the sludge concentration increased within the system, the stable operation of solid-liquid separation more difficult.
a) When sludge concentration into the secondary settling tank more than 4gMLSS/L, the effusive water quality will deterioration, effluent suspended solids increased significantly.
b) The high sludge concentration (>10gMLSS/L) leads to severe membrane plugging,increased enery consumption and costs of membrane cleaning/ replacement.
Therefore, high sludge concentration is the common key to constraint secondary settling tank and membrane separation stable operation.If we can develop a cheap and reliable technology, making the sludge concentration into the reactor control 3-5gMLSS/L, then the high sludge concentration on the solid-liquid separation unit of the restrictions can be resolved. Thus, biochemical unit can be maintained at a relatively high sludge concentration and stable operation, so as to enhance processing efficiency, reduce excess sludge and lower overall energy consumption.
A homemade sub-millifiltration module was introduced in this research,by separate function that confined high concentration of activated sludge within one tank,for desired appropriate sludge concentration in another tank, to ensure the sludge concentration access to the secondary settling tank and MBR in the context of better.so that sewage biological disposal system can relieve the restraint of high concentration sludge.
Research contents as followed:a) separate mechanism of high concentration sludge,b) study on the application modules in different working conditions (the temperature in the container are 20℃and 5℃), and provide appropriate pore size range for application modules.the following outcomes can be achieved:
(i) Through mass balance of the system,we can get the theory formula about sludge concentration(MLSS) of the two subareas(A and B area) under stable operation conditions. Except that,we can also gain the variation law in the theory:XA decreases while HRTA increases, XA increases while influent COD increases, XB decreases as R ascendes. And the higher the XA,B,the higher the XB.
(ii) Operation condition one(the temperature in reactor was setted in 20℃):the operation in a cycle,the optimal module appropriate size was 1.236mm, and initial flux was 450L/m2.h,after 20 minutes, the average flux was 380 L/m2.h and SS was obtained 3.5g/L.The operation in multicycles,the best suitable size was 0.581mm,the stable flux and SS were 140L/m2.h and 2.5g/L respectively, stable operation cycle period from 18 to 80 cycles. The following module of which 0.581mm, effluent SS can remain stable long-cycles and meet requirement.
(iii) Operation condition two(the temperature in reactor was setted in 5℃):In this operation condition, filter module size above 0.329mm can not meet the requirement, does not apply to engineering practice.The optimal module suitable size was between 0.05mm and 0.1mm.Under appropriate size 0.05mm and initial flux 450L/m2.h conditions, after 20 minutes, the stable flux was 170L/m2.h,15～30-folds higher than ultra/microfiltration.and the system can operate steadily 80 cycles.
A comprehensive consideration of operating condition one and operating condition two, for subarea of high concentration sludge of the modules were introduced should be between 0.05-0.1mm.
本研究自主研制一种次毫米过滤组件(SMFM, Sub-millifiltration module),并通过此组件对高浓度污泥的部分分离作用对反应器内的高浓度污泥强制调控分区,从而实现高、低污泥浓度的分区,保证进入二沉池和MBR区的污泥浓度在较佳的范围内,解除高浓度污泥对污水生物处理系统的束缚。
本文进行了以下几方面的研究：1.对高浓度污泥分区的机制机理进行了研究；2.对不同运行工况下(反应器内温度分别为20℃和5℃)高浓度污泥分区适用组件的研制进行了研究,为适用组件的研制提供合适的孔径范围。取得的主要成果有：
(1)对高浓度污泥分区进行物料衡算,得到稳态条件下两区(A区和B区)微生物浓度的理论计算公式。并从理论上分析XA、XB(微生物浓度)的变化规律,XA主要同HRTA(水力停留时间)以及进水COD浓度有关,HRTA越长,XA越小,进水COD越大,XA越大；XB主要同R(回流比)以及XA,B(次毫米过滤区出水微生物浓度)有关,R越大,XB越小,XA,B越大,XB越大。
(2)运行工况一(反应器内温度为20℃)试验：单周期运行时,最适用于高浓度污泥分区的过滤组件孔径为1.236mm,在初始通量为450L／m2.h,运行周期在20min内的出水平均通量为380 L／m2.h,平均SS为3.5g／L。多周期运行时,最适用于高浓度污泥分区的过滤组件孔径为0.581mm左右,稳定通量和稳定期SS为140L／m2.h和2.5g／L,稳定运行周期从第18个周期到第80个周期。其中0.581mm孔径以下的组件在此工况下运行时,过滤组件出水SS都能长周期的保持稳定并满足分区要求。
(3)运行工况二(反应器内温度为5℃)试验：在此运行工况下,过滤组件孔径在0.329mm以上时出水SS不能满足分区要求,所以不适用于工程实践中。本工况下最适用于高浓度污泥分区的过滤组件孔径在0.05-0.1mm之间。其中孔径为0.05mm的过滤组件在初始通量450L／m2.h、运行周期20min运行时,稳定通量可以达到170L／m2.h,为MBR膜通量的15-30倍左右,而且在此通量下系统可以稳定运行80个周期。
综合考虑运行工况一和运行工况二,适用于高浓度污泥分区的次毫米过滤组件研制应在0.05-0.1mm之间。
To ensure the effusive water quality in sewage biological disposal system,process ending are in need of solid-liquid separation, in which the secondary settling tank and membrane separation are more common. Practice shows that when the sludge concentration increased within the system, the stable operation of solid-liquid separation more difficult.
a) When sludge concentration into the secondary settling tank more than 4gMLSS/L, the effusive water quality will deterioration, effluent suspended solids increased significantly.
b) The high sludge concentration (>10gMLSS/L) leads to severe membrane plugging,increased enery consumption and costs of membrane cleaning/ replacement.
Therefore, high sludge concentration is the common key to constraint secondary settling tank and membrane separation stable operation.If we can develop a cheap and reliable technology, making the sludge concentration into the reactor control 3-5gMLSS/L, then the high sludge concentration on the solid-liquid separation unit of the restrictions can be resolved. Thus, biochemical unit can be maintained at a relatively high sludge concentration and stable operation, so as to enhance processing efficiency, reduce excess sludge and lower overall energy consumption.
A homemade sub-millifiltration module was introduced in this research,by separate function that confined high concentration of activated sludge within one tank,for desired appropriate sludge concentration in another tank, to ensure the sludge concentration access to the secondary settling tank and MBR in the context of better.so that sewage biological disposal system can relieve the restraint of high concentration sludge.
Research contents as followed:a) separate mechanism of high concentration sludge,b) study on the application modules in different working conditions (the temperature in the container are 20℃and 5℃), and provide appropriate pore size range for application modules.the following outcomes can be achieved:
(i) Through mass balance of the system,we can get the theory formula about sludge concentration(MLSS) of the two subareas(A and B area) under stable operation conditions. Except that,we can also gain the variation law in the theory:XA decreases while HRTA increases, XA increases while influent COD increases, XB decreases as R ascendes. And the higher the XA,B,the higher the XB.
(ii) Operation condition one(the temperature in reactor was setted in 20℃):the operation in a cycle,the optimal module appropriate size was 1.236mm, and initial flux was 450L/m2.h,after 20 minutes, the average flux was 380 L/m2.h and SS was obtained 3.5g/L.The operation in multicycles,the best suitable size was 0.581mm,the stable flux and SS were 140L/m2.h and 2.5g/L respectively, stable operation cycle period from 18 to 80 cycles. The following module of which 0.581mm, effluent SS can remain stable long-cycles and meet requirement.
(iii) Operation condition two(the temperature in reactor was setted in 5℃):In this operation condition, filter module size above 0.329mm can not meet the requirement, does not apply to engineering practice.The optimal module suitable size was between 0.05mm and 0.1mm.Under appropriate size 0.05mm and initial flux 450L/m2.h conditions, after 20 minutes, the stable flux was 170L/m2.h,15～30-folds higher than ultra/microfiltration.and the system can operate steadily 80 cycles.
A comprehensive consideration of operating condition one and operating condition two, for subarea of high concentration sludge of the modules were introduced should be between 0.05-0.1mm.
引文
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