黑龙江作物秸秆不同利用模式下的效益评价
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摘要
黑龙江省农作物秸秆资源丰富,但目前利用率比较低,大量的秸秆被焚烧或废弃,既造成严重的环境污染,破坏了农村的生态环境,又浪费了宝贵的可再生资源。因此,调查秸秆利用情况,找出秸秆利用中存在的问题,提出综合利用的对策,对搞好秸秆综合利用工作具有十分重要的现实意义。
本文从秸杆资源化利用的角度,综合评价了秸杆还田、秸秆饲料、秸秆沼气、秸秆发电、秸秆栽培食用菌的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益,提出了优化利用模式,为黑龙江省秸杆资源合理利用提供依据。本文主要研究内容为:
1、从可持续发展的角度,阐述了秸秆资源综合利用的背景,结合我国国情探讨了秸秆资源综合利用的意义,并对国内外农作物秸秆资源循环利用现状进行分析。
2、在对国内外农作物秸秆资源利用现状及模式有个初步了解的基础上,通过大量查阅文献及深入细致的实地调查,掌握黑龙江省秸秆资源利用现状,并选定黑龙江省五种主要的秸秆利用模式作为本文评价的对象。
3、在循环经济理念的指导下,针对秸杆还田、秸秆作饲料、秸秆制沼气、秸秆发电、秸秆栽培食用菌五种方案,从经济效益、社会效益、生态效益三个角度出发,建立农作物秸杆综合利用效益评价模型的指标体系。
4、针对黑龙江省五种主要作物秸秆综合利用模式进行重点调查,获得关于秸秆收集、储存、运输的方式和费用、秸秆利用的规划布局、工程投资、经济收益以及秸秆利用带动当地发展等相关方面的信息资料。通过对调查资料的分析整理,获得关于秸秆效益评价模型指标所需数据。
5、运用层次分析法,通过专家打分,构造判断矩阵,计算得出黑龙江省农作物秸秆综合利用效益评价各指标的权重值。
6、采用模糊数学的原理对作物秸秆综合利用效益进行模糊综合评判,从社会效益、经济效益和生态效益三方面出发评价黑龙江省秸秆五种利用模式的综合效益,得出五种秸杆利用模式效益的评价结果,最后提出黑龙江省农作物秸秆综合利用的发展方向。
There are abundant crop straw natural resources in Heilongjiang province, but nowadays the utilization rate is low.Incinerating or discarding massive straws, not only resulted in severe environmental pollution, destroyed the rural ecology environment, but also wasted precious recycling resources. Therefore, investigating the utilization state of straw, finding the problems of straw utilization, proposing the strategies of comprehensive utilization had extremely important practical significant to do well to the straw comprehensive utilization performance.
This thesis had evaluated the economic benefit, the social benefit and the ecological benefit of straw utilization as returning to the field, feed, methane, power generation, cultivating edible fungi from the point of straw utilization as a resource.Moreover, the thesis also put out the model of optimizing the utilization of crop straw,in order to provide the basis of straw utilization in a rational way in Heilongjiang province. Main contents of this thesis are as follows:
1、From the aspect of sustainable development, this study explained the background of comprehensive utilization of crop straw resources, discussed the significance of straw comprehensive utilization combinating our nation situation, and carried out analysis of crop straw resources current situation in both domestic and abroad.
2、On the initial comprehend fundament of current situation and pattern of crop straw utilization in both domestic and abroad, got by consulting magnanimous documents and intensive on-site inspection and grasped current situation of crop straws in Heilongjiang province,the study selected five main utilized models of straws as estimated object.
3、Under the guidance of ideas of recycling economy, the study established the index system of benefit evaluation on comprehensive utilization of crop straw, and aimed at five using models of crop srraw as returning to the field, feed, methane, power generation, cultivating edible fungi from three perspective of the economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
4、Aiming directly at five main utilized models of straw to undertake emphasis survey,obtained the correlated aspects information about the modes and expense of straw collection, storage and transportation, planning and disposition engineering investment, economic benefit of straw utilization and spuring the development in the locality. By way of analyseing and arranging the data means from investigation, this study obtained the requirement index data of straw benefit evaluation.
5、Implementing an Analytic Hierarchy Process, getting by expert scoring and structuring the judgment matrix, the study got weighted value of the index system of benefit evaluation on comprehensive utilization of crop straw.
6、Based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, this thesis evaluated the benefit on comprehensive utilization of crop straw using the method of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. The comprehensive benefit of the five using model of crop srraw was evaluated under the consideration of three aspects: economic benefit, societal benefit as well as the ecological benefit. According to the outcome of benefit evaluation on five using model of crop straw, the study offered development direction of the comprehensive utilization of crop straw in Heilongjiang province.
本文从秸杆资源化利用的角度,综合评价了秸杆还田、秸秆饲料、秸秆沼气、秸秆发电、秸秆栽培食用菌的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益,提出了优化利用模式,为黑龙江省秸杆资源合理利用提供依据。本文主要研究内容为:
1、从可持续发展的角度,阐述了秸秆资源综合利用的背景,结合我国国情探讨了秸秆资源综合利用的意义,并对国内外农作物秸秆资源循环利用现状进行分析。
2、在对国内外农作物秸秆资源利用现状及模式有个初步了解的基础上,通过大量查阅文献及深入细致的实地调查,掌握黑龙江省秸秆资源利用现状,并选定黑龙江省五种主要的秸秆利用模式作为本文评价的对象。
3、在循环经济理念的指导下,针对秸杆还田、秸秆作饲料、秸秆制沼气、秸秆发电、秸秆栽培食用菌五种方案,从经济效益、社会效益、生态效益三个角度出发,建立农作物秸杆综合利用效益评价模型的指标体系。
4、针对黑龙江省五种主要作物秸秆综合利用模式进行重点调查,获得关于秸秆收集、储存、运输的方式和费用、秸秆利用的规划布局、工程投资、经济收益以及秸秆利用带动当地发展等相关方面的信息资料。通过对调查资料的分析整理,获得关于秸秆效益评价模型指标所需数据。
5、运用层次分析法,通过专家打分,构造判断矩阵,计算得出黑龙江省农作物秸秆综合利用效益评价各指标的权重值。
6、采用模糊数学的原理对作物秸秆综合利用效益进行模糊综合评判,从社会效益、经济效益和生态效益三方面出发评价黑龙江省秸秆五种利用模式的综合效益,得出五种秸杆利用模式效益的评价结果,最后提出黑龙江省农作物秸秆综合利用的发展方向。
There are abundant crop straw natural resources in Heilongjiang province, but nowadays the utilization rate is low.Incinerating or discarding massive straws, not only resulted in severe environmental pollution, destroyed the rural ecology environment, but also wasted precious recycling resources. Therefore, investigating the utilization state of straw, finding the problems of straw utilization, proposing the strategies of comprehensive utilization had extremely important practical significant to do well to the straw comprehensive utilization performance.
This thesis had evaluated the economic benefit, the social benefit and the ecological benefit of straw utilization as returning to the field, feed, methane, power generation, cultivating edible fungi from the point of straw utilization as a resource.Moreover, the thesis also put out the model of optimizing the utilization of crop straw,in order to provide the basis of straw utilization in a rational way in Heilongjiang province. Main contents of this thesis are as follows:
1、From the aspect of sustainable development, this study explained the background of comprehensive utilization of crop straw resources, discussed the significance of straw comprehensive utilization combinating our nation situation, and carried out analysis of crop straw resources current situation in both domestic and abroad.
2、On the initial comprehend fundament of current situation and pattern of crop straw utilization in both domestic and abroad, got by consulting magnanimous documents and intensive on-site inspection and grasped current situation of crop straws in Heilongjiang province,the study selected five main utilized models of straws as estimated object.
3、Under the guidance of ideas of recycling economy, the study established the index system of benefit evaluation on comprehensive utilization of crop straw, and aimed at five using models of crop srraw as returning to the field, feed, methane, power generation, cultivating edible fungi from three perspective of the economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit.
4、Aiming directly at five main utilized models of straw to undertake emphasis survey,obtained the correlated aspects information about the modes and expense of straw collection, storage and transportation, planning and disposition engineering investment, economic benefit of straw utilization and spuring the development in the locality. By way of analyseing and arranging the data means from investigation, this study obtained the requirement index data of straw benefit evaluation.
5、Implementing an Analytic Hierarchy Process, getting by expert scoring and structuring the judgment matrix, the study got weighted value of the index system of benefit evaluation on comprehensive utilization of crop straw.
6、Based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, this thesis evaluated the benefit on comprehensive utilization of crop straw using the method of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. The comprehensive benefit of the five using model of crop srraw was evaluated under the consideration of three aspects: economic benefit, societal benefit as well as the ecological benefit. According to the outcome of benefit evaluation on five using model of crop straw, the study offered development direction of the comprehensive utilization of crop straw in Heilongjiang province.
引文
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崔小爱.2007.秸秆发电的现状和展望[J].污染防治技术.20(3):61~63
邓晟,陈波.2006.秸秆发电的利弊分析[J].水利电力机械.28(12):42~44
段茂盛,王革华.2003.畜禽养殖场沼气工程的温室气体减排效益及利用清洁发展机制CDM的影响分析[J].太阳能学报.24(3):386~389
蒋冬梅,诸培新,李效顺.2008.生物质秸秆资源发电的综合效益量化分析[J].资源科学.30(9):1307~1312
贾东兴,王亚平,薛桂莉等.2006.佳木斯地区食用菌生产现状及发展前景[J].现代化农业.(6):18
焦娜.2008.基于AHP和模糊评判的施工企业核心竞争力综合评价[J].建筑管理现代化.(3):22~25
韩鲁佳,闫巧娟,刘向阳等.2002.中国农作物秸秆资源及其利用现状[J].农业工程学报.8(3):87~91
郝素琴,刘艳.2007.我国农作物秸秆综合利用概况[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报.(1):65~67,73
郝淑玲.2006.秸秆还田技术在农业中的合理利用与发展[J].科技信息.(4):182
黄凤珍.2007.浅谈秸秆资源的综合利用[J].环境研究与监测.20(3):43,60
黄军军,黄程鹏,董军.2006.秸秆发电技术的现状和展望[J].能源与环境.5(2):95~96
高祥照,马文奇,马常宝等.2002.中国作物秸杆资源利用现状分析[J].华中农业大学学报.21(3):242~247
李鸿吉.2005.模糊数学基础及实用算法[M].北京:科学出版社.310~319
李清泉.2008.秸秆还田技术应用发展现状与前景分析[J].中国农村小康科技.(9):10~11
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