濒危植物翅果油树种子蛋白多样性研究
摘要
翅果油树属胡颓子科胡颓子属,为中国二级珍稀濒危保护植物,主要分布于我国山西省的翼城、平陆和乡宁;已有的研究表明其具有非常重要的科学经济价值和生态价值。
本文以翅果油树种子蛋白为研究对象,对种子蛋白提取和电泳条件的相关主要指标进行优化实验,在此基础上对翅果油树三种生态型种子贮藏蛋白的含量进行测定和组分分析实验,以及利用种子总贮藏蛋白为遗传标记对翅果油树翼城、平陆和乡宁3个主要种群的共73粒种子进行遗传多样性分析实验;以期为翅果油树种子蛋白的进一步深入研究和应用研究提供一些基础理论依据,同时也为翅果油树的保护生物学提供一定的理论参考。
用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法和SDS-PAGE电泳技术对三种生态型翅果油树种子贮藏蛋白进行含量测定和电泳图谱分析,结果表明:大宫灯、长果型、小宫灯三种生态型种子中总贮藏蛋白的百分含量分别为33.753±0.746、32.075±1.111和26.633±1.091;翅果油树种子贮藏蛋白含量以谷蛋白含量最高,其次为清蛋白和球蛋白,醇溶蛋白的含量最低;三生态型间的总贮藏蛋白含量存在显著差异;电泳图谱显示三生态型之间清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的蛋白质亚基条带信息都存在差异,表明翅果油树生态型间种子贮藏蛋白具有多态性。
以种子总贮藏蛋白为遗传标记对翅果油树翼城、平陆和乡宁3个主要种群共73粒种子进行遗传多样性分析实验结果表明:(1)平陆种群的多态百分率为44.44%、乡宁和翼城两个种群的多态位点百分率均55.56%;种群平均多态位点百分率为51.85%,总多态位点百分率77.78%。(2)种群间的的遗传分化系数为GST=0.1539,说明翅果油树种群的遗传分化主要存在于种群内。(3)基于遗传分化系数估算的基因流是Nm=2.7492,大于1,表明种群间存着在一定的基因交流。(4) UPGMA聚类结果显示3个种群形成了明显的两支,平陆种群单独成为一支,乡宁和翼城种群聚为一支;遗传距离和地理距离的Mantel相关分析(相关系数r=0.99094>0.8)表明来自相似地理环境的或地理距离较近的种群具有相似的遗传背景。综合上述指标显示:翅果油树种群具有较高的遗传多样性,不存在着遗传上的衰退现象,能够适应多变自然生存环境;其濒危的主要原因可能是人类活动造成生境的破坏和种子萌发率低。
针对对翅果油树种子蛋白遗传多样性研究的这一结果,提出了以下保护策略:加强对翅果油树的组织培养快繁技术、种子贮藏保存技术及种子育苗繁殖技术的研究;建立翅果油树自然保护区,加强就地保护;加强翅果油树的经济价值开发研究,使人们充分认识到保护翅果油树的生态价值和经济价值。
Elaeagnus mollis diels(E.mollis diels) belongs to Elaeagnus (Elaeagna-ceae). It is considered a rare and endangered plant,and national second-class protected species in China. It only exists in China,and mainly distributes Xiang ning,Yi cheng,Ping lu of Shan xi’s province. And many studies in the past showed that it has the very important economical and ecological value.
This study used seed protein of E.mollis diels as the research object. Firstly, some key elements about extraction and electrophor- etic conditions of seed storage proteins were optimized in this thesis. Based on the results of the fist experiments, contents of storage protein of three kinds of ecotypes in E.mollis diels seeds were determined and components of its seed storage proteins were also analysized. The genetic diversity of three populations of E.mollis diels by seed total storage proteins were studied in the third experiment,and three major populations were separately Yi cheng, Ping lu and xiang ning. These research results of above experiments can provide not only some basic theories for further theoretical and applied research about seed proteins but also some theoretical references for Conservation Biology on E. mollis diels.
Seed storage proteins of three ecotypes in E. mollis diels were studied on the content determination and electrophoresis analysis by using the staining with coomassie brilliant blue G-250 and a sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis performed polyacrylamide gels(SDS- PAGE).The results indicated that the percentage content of total storage proteins in the seeds of three ecotypes,which are named Da-Gong Deng,Chang-Guo Xing and Xiao-Gong Deng,is respectively 33.753±0.746, 32.075±1.111,26.633±1.091.For E. mollis diels ,most of storage proteins are glutelin.The next is respectively albumin and globulin.There is a little alcohol soluble protein. There are significant differences in the content of total storage proteins between three ecotypers. Electrophoresis maps reveral that three ecotypers are differentiated by the information of protein subunits on glutelin, albumin,globulin and alcohol soluble protein ;these also show that seed storage proteins display obvious polymorphisms among three ecotypes.
This thesis studied the genetic diversity of three populations of E. mollis diels by using the genetic marker of seed storage proteins, the results revealed: (1) The genetic diversity of total 73 individuals from three populations were investigated. Seved within the total nine loci detected were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci in three populations(Yi cheng, Ping lu and xiang ning) are respectively 55.6%,44.44% and 55.6%. The mean percentage of polymorphic loci of three populations is 51.85%, and the total percentage of polymorphic loci of three populations is 77.78%. (2)With seed storage protein marker data, coefficient of genetic differentiation(GST) among three populations was 0.1539. This showed that the majority of genetic variation occurred within populations of E. mollis diels. (3) Based on the data of GST the estimated value of gene flow (Nm) was 2.7492, indicating that relatively high level of gene flow existed among populations. (4) The results of UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean) clustering analysis showed that three populations of E. mollis diels were clearly divided into two clusters. Ping lu population clustered into a single class. two populations of Xiang ning and Yi cheng clustered into the other class . The Mantel’test analysis on genetic distance and geographic distance (correlation coefficient r=0.99094>0.8) showed that those population- ns from similar geographical environment condition or closer geographical distance lied in similar genetic background. Acoording to these analysis above, E. mollis diels populations had higher genetic diversity, and there is no genetic deterioration among populations. This indicated that E. mollis diels could adapt to the changing natural habitats; so habitats destruction caused mainly by human activity and lower seed germination rate resulted that this speices was in endanger.
Finally, aiming at the research conclusions from seed protein genetic diversity of E.mollis diels in the end of this thesis, some corresponding protection strategyies are suggested that are :(1)strengthening basic theory and biotechnology studies on E.mollis diels such as tissue culture propagation techniques,seed preservat- ion storage and seedling breeding technology (2)establishing E.mollis diels nature reserves in order to strengthen in situ conservation;(3) developing the economic value research of E.mollis diels so as to make people fully understand the ecological value and economic value of protecting E.mollis diels.
本文以翅果油树种子蛋白为研究对象,对种子蛋白提取和电泳条件的相关主要指标进行优化实验,在此基础上对翅果油树三种生态型种子贮藏蛋白的含量进行测定和组分分析实验,以及利用种子总贮藏蛋白为遗传标记对翅果油树翼城、平陆和乡宁3个主要种群的共73粒种子进行遗传多样性分析实验;以期为翅果油树种子蛋白的进一步深入研究和应用研究提供一些基础理论依据,同时也为翅果油树的保护生物学提供一定的理论参考。
用考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法和SDS-PAGE电泳技术对三种生态型翅果油树种子贮藏蛋白进行含量测定和电泳图谱分析,结果表明:大宫灯、长果型、小宫灯三种生态型种子中总贮藏蛋白的百分含量分别为33.753±0.746、32.075±1.111和26.633±1.091;翅果油树种子贮藏蛋白含量以谷蛋白含量最高,其次为清蛋白和球蛋白,醇溶蛋白的含量最低;三生态型间的总贮藏蛋白含量存在显著差异;电泳图谱显示三生态型之间清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的蛋白质亚基条带信息都存在差异,表明翅果油树生态型间种子贮藏蛋白具有多态性。
以种子总贮藏蛋白为遗传标记对翅果油树翼城、平陆和乡宁3个主要种群共73粒种子进行遗传多样性分析实验结果表明:(1)平陆种群的多态百分率为44.44%、乡宁和翼城两个种群的多态位点百分率均55.56%;种群平均多态位点百分率为51.85%,总多态位点百分率77.78%。(2)种群间的的遗传分化系数为GST=0.1539,说明翅果油树种群的遗传分化主要存在于种群内。(3)基于遗传分化系数估算的基因流是Nm=2.7492,大于1,表明种群间存着在一定的基因交流。(4) UPGMA聚类结果显示3个种群形成了明显的两支,平陆种群单独成为一支,乡宁和翼城种群聚为一支;遗传距离和地理距离的Mantel相关分析(相关系数r=0.99094>0.8)表明来自相似地理环境的或地理距离较近的种群具有相似的遗传背景。综合上述指标显示:翅果油树种群具有较高的遗传多样性,不存在着遗传上的衰退现象,能够适应多变自然生存环境;其濒危的主要原因可能是人类活动造成生境的破坏和种子萌发率低。
针对对翅果油树种子蛋白遗传多样性研究的这一结果,提出了以下保护策略:加强对翅果油树的组织培养快繁技术、种子贮藏保存技术及种子育苗繁殖技术的研究;建立翅果油树自然保护区,加强就地保护;加强翅果油树的经济价值开发研究,使人们充分认识到保护翅果油树的生态价值和经济价值。
Elaeagnus mollis diels(E.mollis diels) belongs to Elaeagnus (Elaeagna-ceae). It is considered a rare and endangered plant,and national second-class protected species in China. It only exists in China,and mainly distributes Xiang ning,Yi cheng,Ping lu of Shan xi’s province. And many studies in the past showed that it has the very important economical and ecological value.
This study used seed protein of E.mollis diels as the research object. Firstly, some key elements about extraction and electrophor- etic conditions of seed storage proteins were optimized in this thesis. Based on the results of the fist experiments, contents of storage protein of three kinds of ecotypes in E.mollis diels seeds were determined and components of its seed storage proteins were also analysized. The genetic diversity of three populations of E.mollis diels by seed total storage proteins were studied in the third experiment,and three major populations were separately Yi cheng, Ping lu and xiang ning. These research results of above experiments can provide not only some basic theories for further theoretical and applied research about seed proteins but also some theoretical references for Conservation Biology on E. mollis diels.
Seed storage proteins of three ecotypes in E. mollis diels were studied on the content determination and electrophoresis analysis by using the staining with coomassie brilliant blue G-250 and a sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis performed polyacrylamide gels(SDS- PAGE).The results indicated that the percentage content of total storage proteins in the seeds of three ecotypes,which are named Da-Gong Deng,Chang-Guo Xing and Xiao-Gong Deng,is respectively 33.753±0.746, 32.075±1.111,26.633±1.091.For E. mollis diels ,most of storage proteins are glutelin.The next is respectively albumin and globulin.There is a little alcohol soluble protein. There are significant differences in the content of total storage proteins between three ecotypers. Electrophoresis maps reveral that three ecotypers are differentiated by the information of protein subunits on glutelin, albumin,globulin and alcohol soluble protein ;these also show that seed storage proteins display obvious polymorphisms among three ecotypes.
This thesis studied the genetic diversity of three populations of E. mollis diels by using the genetic marker of seed storage proteins, the results revealed: (1) The genetic diversity of total 73 individuals from three populations were investigated. Seved within the total nine loci detected were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic loci in three populations(Yi cheng, Ping lu and xiang ning) are respectively 55.6%,44.44% and 55.6%. The mean percentage of polymorphic loci of three populations is 51.85%, and the total percentage of polymorphic loci of three populations is 77.78%. (2)With seed storage protein marker data, coefficient of genetic differentiation(GST) among three populations was 0.1539. This showed that the majority of genetic variation occurred within populations of E. mollis diels. (3) Based on the data of GST the estimated value of gene flow (Nm) was 2.7492, indicating that relatively high level of gene flow existed among populations. (4) The results of UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean) clustering analysis showed that three populations of E. mollis diels were clearly divided into two clusters. Ping lu population clustered into a single class. two populations of Xiang ning and Yi cheng clustered into the other class . The Mantel’test analysis on genetic distance and geographic distance (correlation coefficient r=0.99094>0.8) showed that those population- ns from similar geographical environment condition or closer geographical distance lied in similar genetic background. Acoording to these analysis above, E. mollis diels populations had higher genetic diversity, and there is no genetic deterioration among populations. This indicated that E. mollis diels could adapt to the changing natural habitats; so habitats destruction caused mainly by human activity and lower seed germination rate resulted that this speices was in endanger.
Finally, aiming at the research conclusions from seed protein genetic diversity of E.mollis diels in the end of this thesis, some corresponding protection strategyies are suggested that are :(1)strengthening basic theory and biotechnology studies on E.mollis diels such as tissue culture propagation techniques,seed preservat- ion storage and seedling breeding technology (2)establishing E.mollis diels nature reserves in order to strengthen in situ conservation;(3) developing the economic value research of E.mollis diels so as to make people fully understand the ecological value and economic value of protecting E.mollis diels.
引文
【1】姚建信.应加强保护和合理开发利用的珍稀树种—翅果油树[M].山西林业科技.2005, 3(1)39-41
【2】谢树莲,凌元洁.珍稀濒危植物翅果油树的生物学特性及其保护[J].植物研究.1997, 17(2):153-157
【3】山西省林业科学研究所,山西省临汾地区林业局.优良的木本油料—植物翅果油树[J].中国林业科学. 1977, 4:35-40
【4】于永福.我国野生植物保护的里程碑[J].植物杂志.1999,5:3-11
【5】杜大至等.翅果油树的生态学特性及其根瘤固氮活性的研究[J].生态学报.1989,9(4):360-365
【6】上官铁梁等.山西翅果油树灌丛的生态地理分布和群落学特征[J].植物生态学报.1992, 16 (3):283-291
【7】上官铁梁,毕润成等.山西翅果油树灌丛的生态地理分布和群落学特征[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报.1992,16(3):283-291
【8】张峰,上官铁梁.翅果油树群落的数量分类[J].生态学报.1994,增刊:138-140
【9】王国祥,刘学勤,乔俊.山西森林[M].北京:中国林业出版社.1992, 309-314
【10】苗道仁.翅果油树—新的木本油料植物[J].科学实验.1978, (3):34-35
【11】王念文,刘世鹏等.翅果油树[J].中国油脂.2003, 28 (5):10-12
【12】方文培,张泽荣.中国植物志(五十二卷,第二分册)[M].北京:科学出版社.1983, 2:42-44
【13】国家环境保护局,中科院植物所.中国珍稀濒危重点保护植物名录[M].北京:科学出版社.1987,5:189-190
【14】杜大至等.翅果油树种子的休眠和萌发生理[M].植物生理学通讯.1989, 6:36-38
【15】杨晓玲等.翅果油树生物学特性的研究[M].北方植物学研究(一)(王伏雄主编).天津南开大学出版社.1993, 3:215-218
【16】张义贤等.胡颓子属两种植物的核型研究[J].山西大学学报.1991,14 (2):196-201
【17】冯宝英,杨坪荣.翅果油树种仁化学成分分析研究[J].山西林业科技,1989, (4):6-9
【18】王联结,白新生.翅果油树叶化学成分的研究[M].北方植物研究(一)(王伏雄主编),天津南开大学出版社.1993,5:141-146
【19】谢树莲等.翅果油树体内矿质元素的初步研究[J].植物研究.1994,14 (4): 94-97
【20】谢苏婧等.原子吸收光谱法测定翅果油树体内的八种无机元素[J].光谱学与光谱分析.1992,6(1):154-155
【21】王毅岩等.一种新的共生固氮植物—翅果油树[J].植物学报.1981, 23 (5):389-391
【22】袁长芳.由同种宿主植物分离的两个Frankia菌株差异性的研究[J].微生物学报.l989,29 (1):360-363
【23】杜大至等.翅果油树苗期接种Frankia的研究[J].植物学报.1990,32(7):521-527
【24】张峰等.翅果油树地理分布与生态环境关系分析[J].山西大学学报.2001,24(1):86-88
【25】袁丽环等.丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对翅果油树幼苗根系的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(3): 0580-0585
【26】《树木志》山西编写组.山西省临汾地区林业局汇编[C],1976:230-232
【31】张峰,上官铁梁.逐步聚类及其应用[J].植物生态学报.1996,20(6):561-567
【32】张峰,上官铁梁.山西翅果油树群落多样性研究[J].植物生态学报.1999,23(5): 471-474
【33】上官铁梁等.山西翅果油树灌丛的生态地理分布和群落学特征[J].植物生态学报. 1992, 16 (3):283-291
【34】张峰,上官铁梁.山西翅果油树灌丛研究II.群落生物量[J].见:北方植物学研究(1)(王伏雄主编).天津:南开大学出版社.1993,312-315
【35】刘任涛,毕润成等.翅果油树幼苗抗旱性[J].生态学杂志.2006,25(12):1528-1531
【36】马引利等.土壤水分对翅果油树幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报.2008, 28(7): 1397-1403
【37】马引利,闰桂琴等.外源一氧化氮供体浸种对翅果油树种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].西北林学院学报.2007,22(1):5-7
【38】刘群龙,宁婵娟等.翅果油树净光合速率日变化及其主要影响因子[J].中国生态农业学报.2009,5(3):474-478
【39】闫桂琴,杨红梅等.濒危植物翅果油树根际土壤磷的有效性研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,9(16):47-51
【40】杨利艳等.温度对翅果油树种子萌发的影响[J].山西师范大学学报.2003,12(17)
【41】翟静娟,王小花等.影响翅果油树种子萌发及幼苗生长的几种因素的比较研究[J].植物研究.2008,11(28):757-759
【42】杜大至,李荣儿等翅果油树种子的休眠和萌发生理[J].植物生理学通讯.1989(6):36-38,
【43】尹大泽,王小国等.翅果油树休眠芽和种子的试管萌发[J].中草药.2001,32(12):115-120
【44】闫桂琴等.翅果油树脱毒试管苗的组织培养技术研究[J].西北植物学报2003,23(7): 1297—1303
【45】张红梅等.翅果油树茎尖快速繁殖与植株再生研究[J].山西农业业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,28 (3):369-372
【46】陈惠等.翅果油树茎段愈伤组织和芽发生的组织学研究[J].广西植物,1998,18:157-159
【47】闫桂琴,田丽宏等.濒危植物翅果油树愈伤组织诱导中褐变问题的研究[J].西北植物学报.2004,24 (8):1384-1389
【48】闫桂琴等.稀有濒危植物翅果油树种群黄酮类化合物多样性研究[J].植物研究, 2003,40:443-448
【49】闫桂琴,张俊彦等.濒危植物翅果油树种群的叶绿素和硝酸还原酶活性的研究[J].西北植物学报.2004,24(6):1047-1051
【27】省林科所造林组.翅果油树调查实验初报[J].山西林业科技.1974,01:1-6
【28】郝瑞玉.翅果油树叶的形态与结构[J].科技情报开发与经济,2003,13(1):139-140
【29】张峰等.山西翅果油树群落种间关系的数量分析[J].植物生态学报,2000,2(3): 351-55
【30】张峰,上官铁梁.山西翅果油树群落优势种群的分布格局研究[J].植物生态学报.2000, 24(5):590-594
【50】张建民.翅果油树分子生态学研究[J].山西大学硕士论文,2003,25-26
【51】秦永燕等.濒危植物翅果油树花药等位酶及其活性的研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,20(3):35-37
【52】秦永燕.濒危植物翅果油树种群遗传多样性研究[J].山西师范大学硕士论文,2007,50-51
【53】秦永燕等.濒危植物翅果油树种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].分子植物育种.2006 ,4 (6):31-36
【54】王冬梅,李琰等.大孔吸附树脂提取分离翅果油树叶总黄酮的研究[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(9):1621-1624
【55】邵芬娟等.翅果油树叶片中生物碱抑菌活性研究[J].植物保护,2009,35(1):126-128
【56】邵芬娟等.翅果油树叶片中总生物碱抗氧化活性研究[J].西北植物学报.2008,28 (7):1339-1342
【57】黄玲,王宝贵等.翅果油抗氧化作用的研究[J].卫生研究,2002,6(31),3:172-174
【58】张钦弟,秦永燕等.濒危植物翅果油树种群传粉生物学研究[J].西北植物学报.2006,26(8): 1584-1587
【59】刘亚娟,苏俊霞等.翅果油树大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育[J].林业科学,2008, 12,44(12):39-44
【60】陈惠等.珍稀濒危植物翅果油树表皮毛的微形态观察研究[J].西北植物学报.2004,24(8): 1390 -1396
【61】曹志勇,魏学智等.翅果油树叶表皮毛发育的研究[J].植物研究,2008,11,28(6):663-667
【62】魏学智,张悦正等.国家二级保护植物翅果油树营养器官结构的研究[J].植物研究,2004, 7,24 (3): 297-302
【63】王志红,张坤,周维芝等.山西翅果油树资源及可持续利用研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版).2002, 25(4):358-360
【64】陈晓蓉.翅果油树的开发与应用[J].山西食品工业.2004,2:36-37
【65】张颖娟,杨持.西鄂尔多斯特有种四合木种群遗传多样性和遗传分化研究[J].生态学报.2001, 21:506-511
【66】刘占林,李珊等.华山新麦草自然种群的遗传结构和种内遗传多样性研究[J].遗传学报.2001, 28:769-777
【67】葛颂,洪德元.濒危物种裂叶沙参及其近缘广布种泡沙参的遗传多样性研究[J].遗传学报,1999, 26:410-417
【68】Dood,S.C.,and K.Helemirim.Genetic diversity in Delphinium variegatum(Ranunculaceae):a comparison of two insular endemic subspecies and their widespread mainland relative[J].American Journal of Botany,2002,89:613-622
【69】Young,A.G.,and A-H.D.Brown. Comparative population genetic structure of the rare woodland shrub Daviesia suaveolens and its common congener dmimosoides[J]. Conservation biology,1996,10:1220-1228
【70】Broadhurst, L.and D.Cotest.Genetic diversity within and divergence between rare and geographically widespread taxa of the Acaia acuminata benth complex[J]. Heredity,2002,88:250-257
【71】Gitzenndzer.M.A,Soltis P.S. Patterns of genetic variation in,and widespread plant congeners[J]. American Journal of Botany,2000,87:783-792
【72】Ellstrend,N.C.and D.R.Elam.Population genetic consequences of small populations size: implications for plant conservation[J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Svstematics,1993,23:237-261
【73】马克平,钱迎倩,王晨.生物多样性研究的现状与趋势.见:中国科学院生物多样性委员会编.生物多样性研究的原理和方法[M].中国科学技术出版社,1994,1-12
【74】Wri,IUCN and Use Earth’s Botic Wealthy Sustainablity and Equitably[M].Washington D C.WRI. 1992,223-225
【75】马克平.试论生物多样性的概念[J].生物多样性,1993,1(1):20-22
【76】陈灵芝.中国的生物多样性一现状及其保护对策[M].北京:科学出版社,1993,99-113
【77】Fisher,R.A.The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian in heritance Trans[J].Roy.Soc.Edinburgh.1918,52:399-433
【78】Wright.S.The genetical structure of popul-ations. Genetics. 1951,118-125
【79】Wright.Isolation by distance[J]. Genetics. 1943,28:114-138
【80】梅里尔D J.黄瑞复等译.生态遗传学[M].北京:科学出版社.1991,44-50
【81】王中仁.植物等位酶分析[M].科学出版社,1996,84-89
【82】Nei.M. Gentic distance between population[J]. Alme:Naturalist,1972,6:283-293
【83】Nei M.Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations[J].Proc Nat Acad Sci.USA,1973, 70(12):3321-3323
【84】Nei.NL.Molecular population genetics and evolution[M].NorhHolland Publ.Co, Amsterdam and New York.1975,80(11):352-362
【85】Wright S.The genetical structure of populations[J].Annals of Eugenics,1951,15:323-354
【86】葛学军.植物遗传多样性研究中等位基因酶分析的遗传参数及其计算方法(综述) [J]. 热带亚热带植物学报.1996,4(2):79-84
【87】根井正利.王家玉译.分子群休遗传学与进化论[M].北京:农业出版社.1983,134:169-196
【88】冯夏莲,何承忠等.植物遗传多样性研究方法概述[J].西南林学院学报.2006, 2,26(1):69-74
【89】张传军,刘亦肖等.遗传多样性与植物的遗传标记[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版).2006, 3(34):275-278
【90】时明芝,宋会兴等.植物遗传多样性研究方法概述[J].世界林业研究,2005,10,18(5):27-31
【91】解新明,云锦凤.植物遗传多样性及其检测方法[J].中国草地,2000,6:51-59
【92】董玉探.生物多样性及作物遗传多样性检测[J].世界林业研究,1995,3:1-5
【93】王洪新,胡志昂.种子蛋白遗传多样性[M].中国科学院生物多样性委员会编,生物多样性研究的原理与方法,中国科学技术出版社.1997,497-501
【94】胡志昂,王洪新.蛋白质多样性和品种鉴定[J].植物学报,1991,33(7):556-564.
【95】王洪新,胡志昂.生物多样性研究的原理和方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社.1997,497-501
【96】李拥军,苏加楷.中国苜蓿地方品种亲缘关系的研究[J].草业学报.1999,8(1):31-41
【97】Schaal B A,Leverich W J,Rogstad S H.Comparison of methods for assessing genetic variation inplant conservation biology[J].In Falk,D.A.and K.E.Holsinger(eds.).Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants.NewYork:Oxford University Press.1991,123-134
【98】胡晋主编.种子生物学[M].高等教育出版社.2006:69-70.
【99】Osdorne T.B.Ergabn physiol [M]. Cereal Chem,1910,10:47
【100】魏益民.小麦籽粒的蛋白组分[J].种子,1988,2:1-2
【101】周新安,益均锰,马育华大豆种子储存蛋白质组成及相关分析[J].大豆科学,1992,11(3): 191-197
【102】胡志辉,陈禅友.辣椒种子贮藏蛋白质的组成研究[J].北方园艺.2008(7):1-4
【103】乔辰,徐伟红等.落叶松种子贮藏蛋白的含量测定和电泳分析[J].内蒙古林学院学报(自然科学版).1997,9(3):1-4
【104】Cagampang GB,Cruz L J,Espiritu S G,et al.Studies on the extraction and composition of rice protein[J].Cereal Chem.1966,43:145-155.
【105】王洪新,胡志昂等.毛乌素沙地锦鸡儿种群种子蛋白多样性及其生物学意义[J].生态学报.1994,12,14(4):372-379
【106】金征宇,李星.蓖麻饼粕的饲用开发[J].粮食与饲料工业.1995,05:259-270
【107】Ladizinsky C,Hymowitz T.Seed protein electrophoresis in conifer seeds[J]. Can.J.Bot,1979, 48:1911-1912
【108】Ladizinsky C,Hymowitz T.Seed protein electrophoresis in taxonomic and evolution studies[J]. Theor.Appl.Gene.1979,54:145-151
【109】朱睦元.小麦籽粒蛋白质含量及其品质的遗传分析[J].遗传学报.1983,10,352-361
【110】Lewontin,R.C.and J.L.Hubby.A molecular approach to the study of genetic heterozygosity in natural populations.II[M].Genetics.1966.54:596-605
【111】Harris. Enzyme polymorphism in man[J].Proc.Royal.Soc.1966,B164:298-310
【112】张国平.大麦籽粒蛋白质的研究[J].种子,1987,3:5-6
【113】朱睦元.小麦籽粒蛋白质含量及其品质的遗传分析[J].遗传学报.1983,10:352-361
【114】David J L,Zivym,et al.Protein evolution in dynamically managed populations of wheat:adaptive responses to macro-environmental conditions[J].Theor Appl Genet.1997,95:932 -941
【115】Posch A,vanden Berg B M, Postel W,G?rg A.Genetic variabilityof pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)seed proteins studied by 2-D electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients[J]. Electrophoresis,1992, 13(1): 774-777
【116】Skylas D J, Copeland L, Rathmell W G, Wrigley C W. The wheat grain proteome as a basis for more efficient cultivar identification[J]. Proteomics.2001, 1(12):1542~1546
【117】Gottlieb L D,de Vienne D.Assessment of pleiotropic effects of a gene substitution in pea by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis[J]. Genetics, 1988, 119(3):705~710
【118】Hajduch M, Gapathy A, Stein J W, Thelen J J. A systematic proteomic study of seed filling insoybean.Eestablishment of high-resolution two-dimensional reference maps, expression profiles, and an interactive proteome database[J]. Plant Physiol, 2005, 137(4): 1397-1419
【119】闫伟红,徐柱等.胡枝子属植物40个野生居群种子蛋白谱带多样性研究[J].草业科学.2007,24(5):58--63
【120】额尔敦嘎日迪,中田,李造哲.内蒙古干旱、半干旱地区野生扁蓿豆种子贮藏蛋白质的变异[J].中国草地学报,2006,28 (2):52-55.
【121】凌建群,何祖华等.稻醇溶蛋白的多态性研究[J].中国水稻科学,1997,11(3):129-135
【122】陆作楣,王华等.杂交水稻胚乳贮藏蛋白多态性及其应用[J].南京农业大学学报,2001,24(2):6-11
【123】湛小燕,林榕辉.部分栽培稻和野生稻种子谷蛋白的电泳分析[J].中国水稻科学,1991,5(3):109-113
【124】蒋冬花,杨宝峰等.水稻种子贮藏蛋白总含量分布和多态性分析[J].中国水稻科学( Chinese J Rice Sci), 2007, 21(6) :673-676
【125】赵杨等.二色胡枝子种子储藏蛋白多样性研究[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(9):1767-1771
【126】王洪新,胡志昂.谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白的电泳分析及小麦品种鉴定[J].华北农学报.1987,2 (4):16-21
【127】张吾庆,尹燕平等.棉花种子蛋白多样性与品种鉴定方法的研究[J].中国农业科学研究.1998,31(6):16-19
【128】胡志昂,王洪新等.菜豆种子蛋白的变异和品种鉴定[J].华北农业学报,1986,1(1):1-7
【129】王文真,刘兴媛等.中国大豆种子资源的蛋白质含量研究[J].作物品种资源,1998,1:35-36
【130】许月,朱长甫等.大豆种子贮藏蛋白的研究概况[J]大豆科学,1998,8,17(3):262-267
【131】夏其昌主编.蛋白质化学研究技术与进展[M].科学出版社.1997:99-108.
【132】李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].高等教育出版社, 2000: 178-185
【133】胡志辉,陈禅友等.辣椒种子贮藏蛋白的含量测定和电泳分析[J].种子, 2007,1(26):18-21.
【134】Hartl D L,Clark A G.Principles of population genetics[M].2nded. Sunderland,M A, Sinauer Associates.1989:125-130
【135】Nei M. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided population [J]. Procceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 1973, 70: 3321-3323
【136】Wright S. Evolution in Mendelian populations[J]. Genetics.1931, 16:97-159.
【137】Nei M. Estimation of average heterozygosisty and genetics distance from a small number of individuals[J].Genetics.1978, 89:583-590.
【138】Smouse P E, Long J C and Sokal R R. Multiple regression and correlateion extensions of the Mantel test of matrix correspondednce[J]. Systematic Zool.1986,35:627-632.
【139】王秀奇,秦淑媛等编.基础生物化学实验(第二版) [M].高等教育出版社,1999,(6):106-108
【140】李慧峰,李贵全,李玲.晋豆2460Coγ射线诱变后代种子贮藏蛋白的研究[M].核农学报.2008,22 (3):260-264
【141】黎茵,黄上志,傅家瑞.同品种花生种子蛋白质的电泳分析[J].植物学报,1998,40(6):534-541
【142】黄秀丽,庄东红,胡忠,曲莹.南瓜属4个栽培种种子蛋白质电泳分析[J].武汉植物学研究, 2005,23(2):183-187
【143】Osborne TB. The Vegetable Proteins[M].Green &Co.London,Longmans,2nd edn.1924:284-285
【144】Muntz K. Deposition of storage protein [J].Plant Mol Biol,1998,38 (1-2):77-99..
【145】曲乐庆,魏晓丽等.水稻种子贮藏谷蛋白α-2亚基减少突变体[J].植物学报.2001,43(11): 1167-1171
【146】黄学林,陈润政等主编.种子生理实验手册[M].农业出版社,1990:21-24
【147】Gepts P.Genetic diversity of seed storage proteins in plants. in "Plant Population Genetics, Breeding, and Genetic Re-sources"[M].Sinauer Associates Inc. 1990, 64-82
【148】李拥军,苏加楷.中国苜蓿地方品种种子贮藏蛋白标记—遗传多样性的研究[J].草地学报,1998,6 (3):115-118
【149】胡志昂,刘长江,王洪新.裸子植物的生化系统学(二)—松科植物的种子蛋白多态[J].植物分类学报,1984,22(5):360-366.
【150】马瑞君,李常宝等.四种沙棘种子可溶性蛋白谱带分析研究[J].沙棘,1997,10(3):3-9.
【151】Hamrick J L,Godt M J W. Allozyme diversity in plant species. In: Brown AHD, Clegg MT, Kahler A L, et al.Plant population genetics, breeding and genetic resources [J].Sinauer Associates Inc, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.1989, 43-63
【152】Hamrick J L,Godt M J W. Allozyme diversity in plant species[A].In: Brown A D H,Clegg M T, Kahler A L,etal.Plant Population Genetics,Breeding,and Genetic Resources[C].Sunderland: Sinauer. 1990,43-63.
【153】洪德元,葛頌,张大明等.植物濒危机制研究的原理和方法[J].生物多样性研究进展[M].北京:中国科技出版社.1995,119-250
【154】廖文芳等.华木莲的遗传多样性研究[J].云南植物研究,2004,26(1):58-64
【155】Qiu YX, Hong DY, Fu CX, Cameron KM. Genetic variation in the endangered and endemic species Changium smyrnioides (Apiaceae) [J].Biochemical Systematic and Ecology. 2004,32:583 -596
【156】Coates.D.J.and VL.Hamley.Genetic divergence end the mating system in the endangered and geographically restricted species,Lamber-tia orbifolia gardner[J].Heredity.1999,83:418427
【157】Karron, J.D., YB.Linhart, CA.Chaulk,and CA.Robertson.Genetic structure of populations of geographically restricted and widespread species of Astmgalus (Fabaceae).American Journal of Botany.1988,75:1114-1119
【158】葛永奇,邱英雄等.孑遗植物银杏群体遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].生物多样性,2003,11(4): 276-287
【159】Hamrick, J.L., M.L. Wgoat. et al. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species[J]. New Forests,1992,6:95-124.
【160】Nybom H,Bartish I.V. Effects of life history traits and sampling strategies on genetic diversity estimates obtained with RAPD markers in plants[J]. Perspect Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst.,2000,312:93-114
【161】王国样,刘学勤,乔俊.山西森林[M].北京:中国林业出版社.1992,309-314
【162】Hamrick J L, Godt M J W. Effect of life history traits on genetic diversity in plant species [J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Series B,Biological Sciences.1996a,351: 1291-1298
【163】刘占林,赵桂芳.居群遗传学原理及其在濒危珍稀植物保护中的应用[J].生物多样性,1999, 7 (4):340-346
【164】Sagnard F, Barberot C, Fady B. Structure of Genetic diversity in Abies alba Mill. From southwestern Alps: multivariate analysis of adaptive and non-adaptive traits for conservation in France [J]. Forest Ecology and Managenment. 2002,157:175-189
【165】钱韦,葛颂等.采用RAPD和ISSR标记探讨中国疣粒野生稻的遗传多样性[J].植物学报. 2000.42 (7):741-750
【166】王小全,邹喻萍等.银杉遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].中国科学(C辑),1996,26:436-442
【167】熊丹,陈发菊等.神农架地区濒危植物香果树的遗传多样性研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26 (6):1272-1276
【168】CHen X Y (陈小勇).Gene flow of plants and its role in the conservat ion of endangered p lants[J]. Chinese Biodiversity (生物多样性),1996, 4 (2):97-102 ( in Chinese).
【169】Slatkinm.Gene flow and geographic structure of natural populations[J].Science,1987, 236:787-792.
【170】Widen B,Svensson L.Conservation of genetic variation in plants: the importance of population size and gene flow[A ].In: Hansson,ed . Ecologoical principles of nature conservation: application in temperate and boreal environments[M].New York: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1992:113-161
【171】N.Ttero,J.Aspi,P.et al.Genetic structure and gene flow in a metapopulation of an endangered plant species, Silene tatarica[J]. Molecular Ecology (2003) 12, 2073–2085
【2】谢树莲,凌元洁.珍稀濒危植物翅果油树的生物学特性及其保护[J].植物研究.1997, 17(2):153-157
【3】山西省林业科学研究所,山西省临汾地区林业局.优良的木本油料—植物翅果油树[J].中国林业科学. 1977, 4:35-40
【4】于永福.我国野生植物保护的里程碑[J].植物杂志.1999,5:3-11
【5】杜大至等.翅果油树的生态学特性及其根瘤固氮活性的研究[J].生态学报.1989,9(4):360-365
【6】上官铁梁等.山西翅果油树灌丛的生态地理分布和群落学特征[J].植物生态学报.1992, 16 (3):283-291
【7】上官铁梁,毕润成等.山西翅果油树灌丛的生态地理分布和群落学特征[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报.1992,16(3):283-291
【8】张峰,上官铁梁.翅果油树群落的数量分类[J].生态学报.1994,增刊:138-140
【9】王国祥,刘学勤,乔俊.山西森林[M].北京:中国林业出版社.1992, 309-314
【10】苗道仁.翅果油树—新的木本油料植物[J].科学实验.1978, (3):34-35
【11】王念文,刘世鹏等.翅果油树[J].中国油脂.2003, 28 (5):10-12
【12】方文培,张泽荣.中国植物志(五十二卷,第二分册)[M].北京:科学出版社.1983, 2:42-44
【13】国家环境保护局,中科院植物所.中国珍稀濒危重点保护植物名录[M].北京:科学出版社.1987,5:189-190
【14】杜大至等.翅果油树种子的休眠和萌发生理[M].植物生理学通讯.1989, 6:36-38
【15】杨晓玲等.翅果油树生物学特性的研究[M].北方植物学研究(一)(王伏雄主编).天津南开大学出版社.1993, 3:215-218
【16】张义贤等.胡颓子属两种植物的核型研究[J].山西大学学报.1991,14 (2):196-201
【17】冯宝英,杨坪荣.翅果油树种仁化学成分分析研究[J].山西林业科技,1989, (4):6-9
【18】王联结,白新生.翅果油树叶化学成分的研究[M].北方植物研究(一)(王伏雄主编),天津南开大学出版社.1993,5:141-146
【19】谢树莲等.翅果油树体内矿质元素的初步研究[J].植物研究.1994,14 (4): 94-97
【20】谢苏婧等.原子吸收光谱法测定翅果油树体内的八种无机元素[J].光谱学与光谱分析.1992,6(1):154-155
【21】王毅岩等.一种新的共生固氮植物—翅果油树[J].植物学报.1981, 23 (5):389-391
【22】袁长芳.由同种宿主植物分离的两个Frankia菌株差异性的研究[J].微生物学报.l989,29 (1):360-363
【23】杜大至等.翅果油树苗期接种Frankia的研究[J].植物学报.1990,32(7):521-527
【24】张峰等.翅果油树地理分布与生态环境关系分析[J].山西大学学报.2001,24(1):86-88
【25】袁丽环等.丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对翅果油树幼苗根系的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009,29(3): 0580-0585
【26】《树木志》山西编写组.山西省临汾地区林业局汇编[C],1976:230-232
【31】张峰,上官铁梁.逐步聚类及其应用[J].植物生态学报.1996,20(6):561-567
【32】张峰,上官铁梁.山西翅果油树群落多样性研究[J].植物生态学报.1999,23(5): 471-474
【33】上官铁梁等.山西翅果油树灌丛的生态地理分布和群落学特征[J].植物生态学报. 1992, 16 (3):283-291
【34】张峰,上官铁梁.山西翅果油树灌丛研究II.群落生物量[J].见:北方植物学研究(1)(王伏雄主编).天津:南开大学出版社.1993,312-315
【35】刘任涛,毕润成等.翅果油树幼苗抗旱性[J].生态学杂志.2006,25(12):1528-1531
【36】马引利等.土壤水分对翅果油树幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报.2008, 28(7): 1397-1403
【37】马引利,闰桂琴等.外源一氧化氮供体浸种对翅果油树种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].西北林学院学报.2007,22(1):5-7
【38】刘群龙,宁婵娟等.翅果油树净光合速率日变化及其主要影响因子[J].中国生态农业学报.2009,5(3):474-478
【39】闫桂琴,杨红梅等.濒危植物翅果油树根际土壤磷的有效性研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,9(16):47-51
【40】杨利艳等.温度对翅果油树种子萌发的影响[J].山西师范大学学报.2003,12(17)
【41】翟静娟,王小花等.影响翅果油树种子萌发及幼苗生长的几种因素的比较研究[J].植物研究.2008,11(28):757-759
【42】杜大至,李荣儿等翅果油树种子的休眠和萌发生理[J].植物生理学通讯.1989(6):36-38,
【43】尹大泽,王小国等.翅果油树休眠芽和种子的试管萌发[J].中草药.2001,32(12):115-120
【44】闫桂琴等.翅果油树脱毒试管苗的组织培养技术研究[J].西北植物学报2003,23(7): 1297—1303
【45】张红梅等.翅果油树茎尖快速繁殖与植株再生研究[J].山西农业业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,28 (3):369-372
【46】陈惠等.翅果油树茎段愈伤组织和芽发生的组织学研究[J].广西植物,1998,18:157-159
【47】闫桂琴,田丽宏等.濒危植物翅果油树愈伤组织诱导中褐变问题的研究[J].西北植物学报.2004,24 (8):1384-1389
【48】闫桂琴等.稀有濒危植物翅果油树种群黄酮类化合物多样性研究[J].植物研究, 2003,40:443-448
【49】闫桂琴,张俊彦等.濒危植物翅果油树种群的叶绿素和硝酸还原酶活性的研究[J].西北植物学报.2004,24(6):1047-1051
【27】省林科所造林组.翅果油树调查实验初报[J].山西林业科技.1974,01:1-6
【28】郝瑞玉.翅果油树叶的形态与结构[J].科技情报开发与经济,2003,13(1):139-140
【29】张峰等.山西翅果油树群落种间关系的数量分析[J].植物生态学报,2000,2(3): 351-55
【30】张峰,上官铁梁.山西翅果油树群落优势种群的分布格局研究[J].植物生态学报.2000, 24(5):590-594
【50】张建民.翅果油树分子生态学研究[J].山西大学硕士论文,2003,25-26
【51】秦永燕等.濒危植物翅果油树花药等位酶及其活性的研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,20(3):35-37
【52】秦永燕.濒危植物翅果油树种群遗传多样性研究[J].山西师范大学硕士论文,2007,50-51
【53】秦永燕等.濒危植物翅果油树种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].分子植物育种.2006 ,4 (6):31-36
【54】王冬梅,李琰等.大孔吸附树脂提取分离翅果油树叶总黄酮的研究[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(9):1621-1624
【55】邵芬娟等.翅果油树叶片中生物碱抑菌活性研究[J].植物保护,2009,35(1):126-128
【56】邵芬娟等.翅果油树叶片中总生物碱抗氧化活性研究[J].西北植物学报.2008,28 (7):1339-1342
【57】黄玲,王宝贵等.翅果油抗氧化作用的研究[J].卫生研究,2002,6(31),3:172-174
【58】张钦弟,秦永燕等.濒危植物翅果油树种群传粉生物学研究[J].西北植物学报.2006,26(8): 1584-1587
【59】刘亚娟,苏俊霞等.翅果油树大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育[J].林业科学,2008, 12,44(12):39-44
【60】陈惠等.珍稀濒危植物翅果油树表皮毛的微形态观察研究[J].西北植物学报.2004,24(8): 1390 -1396
【61】曹志勇,魏学智等.翅果油树叶表皮毛发育的研究[J].植物研究,2008,11,28(6):663-667
【62】魏学智,张悦正等.国家二级保护植物翅果油树营养器官结构的研究[J].植物研究,2004, 7,24 (3): 297-302
【63】王志红,张坤,周维芝等.山西翅果油树资源及可持续利用研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版).2002, 25(4):358-360
【64】陈晓蓉.翅果油树的开发与应用[J].山西食品工业.2004,2:36-37
【65】张颖娟,杨持.西鄂尔多斯特有种四合木种群遗传多样性和遗传分化研究[J].生态学报.2001, 21:506-511
【66】刘占林,李珊等.华山新麦草自然种群的遗传结构和种内遗传多样性研究[J].遗传学报.2001, 28:769-777
【67】葛颂,洪德元.濒危物种裂叶沙参及其近缘广布种泡沙参的遗传多样性研究[J].遗传学报,1999, 26:410-417
【68】Dood,S.C.,and K.Helemirim.Genetic diversity in Delphinium variegatum(Ranunculaceae):a comparison of two insular endemic subspecies and their widespread mainland relative[J].American Journal of Botany,2002,89:613-622
【69】Young,A.G.,and A-H.D.Brown. Comparative population genetic structure of the rare woodland shrub Daviesia suaveolens and its common congener dmimosoides[J]. Conservation biology,1996,10:1220-1228
【70】Broadhurst, L.and D.Cotest.Genetic diversity within and divergence between rare and geographically widespread taxa of the Acaia acuminata benth complex[J]. Heredity,2002,88:250-257
【71】Gitzenndzer.M.A,Soltis P.S. Patterns of genetic variation in,and widespread plant congeners[J]. American Journal of Botany,2000,87:783-792
【72】Ellstrend,N.C.and D.R.Elam.Population genetic consequences of small populations size: implications for plant conservation[J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Svstematics,1993,23:237-261
【73】马克平,钱迎倩,王晨.生物多样性研究的现状与趋势.见:中国科学院生物多样性委员会编.生物多样性研究的原理和方法[M].中国科学技术出版社,1994,1-12
【74】Wri,IUCN and Use Earth’s Botic Wealthy Sustainablity and Equitably[M].Washington D C.WRI. 1992,223-225
【75】马克平.试论生物多样性的概念[J].生物多样性,1993,1(1):20-22
【76】陈灵芝.中国的生物多样性一现状及其保护对策[M].北京:科学出版社,1993,99-113
【77】Fisher,R.A.The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian in heritance Trans[J].Roy.Soc.Edinburgh.1918,52:399-433
【78】Wright.S.The genetical structure of popul-ations. Genetics. 1951,118-125
【79】Wright.Isolation by distance[J]. Genetics. 1943,28:114-138
【80】梅里尔D J.黄瑞复等译.生态遗传学[M].北京:科学出版社.1991,44-50
【81】王中仁.植物等位酶分析[M].科学出版社,1996,84-89
【82】Nei.M. Gentic distance between population[J]. Alme:Naturalist,1972,6:283-293
【83】Nei M.Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations[J].Proc Nat Acad Sci.USA,1973, 70(12):3321-3323
【84】Nei.NL.Molecular population genetics and evolution[M].NorhHolland Publ.Co, Amsterdam and New York.1975,80(11):352-362
【85】Wright S.The genetical structure of populations[J].Annals of Eugenics,1951,15:323-354
【86】葛学军.植物遗传多样性研究中等位基因酶分析的遗传参数及其计算方法(综述) [J]. 热带亚热带植物学报.1996,4(2):79-84
【87】根井正利.王家玉译.分子群休遗传学与进化论[M].北京:农业出版社.1983,134:169-196
【88】冯夏莲,何承忠等.植物遗传多样性研究方法概述[J].西南林学院学报.2006, 2,26(1):69-74
【89】张传军,刘亦肖等.遗传多样性与植物的遗传标记[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版).2006, 3(34):275-278
【90】时明芝,宋会兴等.植物遗传多样性研究方法概述[J].世界林业研究,2005,10,18(5):27-31
【91】解新明,云锦凤.植物遗传多样性及其检测方法[J].中国草地,2000,6:51-59
【92】董玉探.生物多样性及作物遗传多样性检测[J].世界林业研究,1995,3:1-5
【93】王洪新,胡志昂.种子蛋白遗传多样性[M].中国科学院生物多样性委员会编,生物多样性研究的原理与方法,中国科学技术出版社.1997,497-501
【94】胡志昂,王洪新.蛋白质多样性和品种鉴定[J].植物学报,1991,33(7):556-564.
【95】王洪新,胡志昂.生物多样性研究的原理和方法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社.1997,497-501
【96】李拥军,苏加楷.中国苜蓿地方品种亲缘关系的研究[J].草业学报.1999,8(1):31-41
【97】Schaal B A,Leverich W J,Rogstad S H.Comparison of methods for assessing genetic variation inplant conservation biology[J].In Falk,D.A.and K.E.Holsinger(eds.).Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants.NewYork:Oxford University Press.1991,123-134
【98】胡晋主编.种子生物学[M].高等教育出版社.2006:69-70.
【99】Osdorne T.B.Ergabn physiol [M]. Cereal Chem,1910,10:47
【100】魏益民.小麦籽粒的蛋白组分[J].种子,1988,2:1-2
【101】周新安,益均锰,马育华大豆种子储存蛋白质组成及相关分析[J].大豆科学,1992,11(3): 191-197
【102】胡志辉,陈禅友.辣椒种子贮藏蛋白质的组成研究[J].北方园艺.2008(7):1-4
【103】乔辰,徐伟红等.落叶松种子贮藏蛋白的含量测定和电泳分析[J].内蒙古林学院学报(自然科学版).1997,9(3):1-4
【104】Cagampang GB,Cruz L J,Espiritu S G,et al.Studies on the extraction and composition of rice protein[J].Cereal Chem.1966,43:145-155.
【105】王洪新,胡志昂等.毛乌素沙地锦鸡儿种群种子蛋白多样性及其生物学意义[J].生态学报.1994,12,14(4):372-379
【106】金征宇,李星.蓖麻饼粕的饲用开发[J].粮食与饲料工业.1995,05:259-270
【107】Ladizinsky C,Hymowitz T.Seed protein electrophoresis in conifer seeds[J]. Can.J.Bot,1979, 48:1911-1912
【108】Ladizinsky C,Hymowitz T.Seed protein electrophoresis in taxonomic and evolution studies[J]. Theor.Appl.Gene.1979,54:145-151
【109】朱睦元.小麦籽粒蛋白质含量及其品质的遗传分析[J].遗传学报.1983,10,352-361
【110】Lewontin,R.C.and J.L.Hubby.A molecular approach to the study of genetic heterozygosity in natural populations.II[M].Genetics.1966.54:596-605
【111】Harris. Enzyme polymorphism in man[J].Proc.Royal.Soc.1966,B164:298-310
【112】张国平.大麦籽粒蛋白质的研究[J].种子,1987,3:5-6
【113】朱睦元.小麦籽粒蛋白质含量及其品质的遗传分析[J].遗传学报.1983,10:352-361
【114】David J L,Zivym,et al.Protein evolution in dynamically managed populations of wheat:adaptive responses to macro-environmental conditions[J].Theor Appl Genet.1997,95:932 -941
【115】Posch A,vanden Berg B M, Postel W,G?rg A.Genetic variabilityof pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)seed proteins studied by 2-D electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients[J]. Electrophoresis,1992, 13(1): 774-777
【116】Skylas D J, Copeland L, Rathmell W G, Wrigley C W. The wheat grain proteome as a basis for more efficient cultivar identification[J]. Proteomics.2001, 1(12):1542~1546
【117】Gottlieb L D,de Vienne D.Assessment of pleiotropic effects of a gene substitution in pea by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis[J]. Genetics, 1988, 119(3):705~710
【118】Hajduch M, Gapathy A, Stein J W, Thelen J J. A systematic proteomic study of seed filling insoybean.Eestablishment of high-resolution two-dimensional reference maps, expression profiles, and an interactive proteome database[J]. Plant Physiol, 2005, 137(4): 1397-1419
【119】闫伟红,徐柱等.胡枝子属植物40个野生居群种子蛋白谱带多样性研究[J].草业科学.2007,24(5):58--63
【120】额尔敦嘎日迪,中田,李造哲.内蒙古干旱、半干旱地区野生扁蓿豆种子贮藏蛋白质的变异[J].中国草地学报,2006,28 (2):52-55.
【121】凌建群,何祖华等.稻醇溶蛋白的多态性研究[J].中国水稻科学,1997,11(3):129-135
【122】陆作楣,王华等.杂交水稻胚乳贮藏蛋白多态性及其应用[J].南京农业大学学报,2001,24(2):6-11
【123】湛小燕,林榕辉.部分栽培稻和野生稻种子谷蛋白的电泳分析[J].中国水稻科学,1991,5(3):109-113
【124】蒋冬花,杨宝峰等.水稻种子贮藏蛋白总含量分布和多态性分析[J].中国水稻科学( Chinese J Rice Sci), 2007, 21(6) :673-676
【125】赵杨等.二色胡枝子种子储藏蛋白多样性研究[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(9):1767-1771
【126】王洪新,胡志昂.谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白的电泳分析及小麦品种鉴定[J].华北农学报.1987,2 (4):16-21
【127】张吾庆,尹燕平等.棉花种子蛋白多样性与品种鉴定方法的研究[J].中国农业科学研究.1998,31(6):16-19
【128】胡志昂,王洪新等.菜豆种子蛋白的变异和品种鉴定[J].华北农业学报,1986,1(1):1-7
【129】王文真,刘兴媛等.中国大豆种子资源的蛋白质含量研究[J].作物品种资源,1998,1:35-36
【130】许月,朱长甫等.大豆种子贮藏蛋白的研究概况[J]大豆科学,1998,8,17(3):262-267
【131】夏其昌主编.蛋白质化学研究技术与进展[M].科学出版社.1997:99-108.
【132】李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].高等教育出版社, 2000: 178-185
【133】胡志辉,陈禅友等.辣椒种子贮藏蛋白的含量测定和电泳分析[J].种子, 2007,1(26):18-21.
【134】Hartl D L,Clark A G.Principles of population genetics[M].2nded. Sunderland,M A, Sinauer Associates.1989:125-130
【135】Nei M. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided population [J]. Procceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 1973, 70: 3321-3323
【136】Wright S. Evolution in Mendelian populations[J]. Genetics.1931, 16:97-159.
【137】Nei M. Estimation of average heterozygosisty and genetics distance from a small number of individuals[J].Genetics.1978, 89:583-590.
【138】Smouse P E, Long J C and Sokal R R. Multiple regression and correlateion extensions of the Mantel test of matrix correspondednce[J]. Systematic Zool.1986,35:627-632.
【139】王秀奇,秦淑媛等编.基础生物化学实验(第二版) [M].高等教育出版社,1999,(6):106-108
【140】李慧峰,李贵全,李玲.晋豆2460Coγ射线诱变后代种子贮藏蛋白的研究[M].核农学报.2008,22 (3):260-264
【141】黎茵,黄上志,傅家瑞.同品种花生种子蛋白质的电泳分析[J].植物学报,1998,40(6):534-541
【142】黄秀丽,庄东红,胡忠,曲莹.南瓜属4个栽培种种子蛋白质电泳分析[J].武汉植物学研究, 2005,23(2):183-187
【143】Osborne TB. The Vegetable Proteins[M].Green &Co.London,Longmans,2nd edn.1924:284-285
【144】Muntz K. Deposition of storage protein [J].Plant Mol Biol,1998,38 (1-2):77-99..
【145】曲乐庆,魏晓丽等.水稻种子贮藏谷蛋白α-2亚基减少突变体[J].植物学报.2001,43(11): 1167-1171
【146】黄学林,陈润政等主编.种子生理实验手册[M].农业出版社,1990:21-24
【147】Gepts P.Genetic diversity of seed storage proteins in plants. in "Plant Population Genetics, Breeding, and Genetic Re-sources"[M].Sinauer Associates Inc. 1990, 64-82
【148】李拥军,苏加楷.中国苜蓿地方品种种子贮藏蛋白标记—遗传多样性的研究[J].草地学报,1998,6 (3):115-118
【149】胡志昂,刘长江,王洪新.裸子植物的生化系统学(二)—松科植物的种子蛋白多态[J].植物分类学报,1984,22(5):360-366.
【150】马瑞君,李常宝等.四种沙棘种子可溶性蛋白谱带分析研究[J].沙棘,1997,10(3):3-9.
【151】Hamrick J L,Godt M J W. Allozyme diversity in plant species. In: Brown AHD, Clegg MT, Kahler A L, et al.Plant population genetics, breeding and genetic resources [J].Sinauer Associates Inc, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.1989, 43-63
【152】Hamrick J L,Godt M J W. Allozyme diversity in plant species[A].In: Brown A D H,Clegg M T, Kahler A L,etal.Plant Population Genetics,Breeding,and Genetic Resources[C].Sunderland: Sinauer. 1990,43-63.
【153】洪德元,葛頌,张大明等.植物濒危机制研究的原理和方法[J].生物多样性研究进展[M].北京:中国科技出版社.1995,119-250
【154】廖文芳等.华木莲的遗传多样性研究[J].云南植物研究,2004,26(1):58-64
【155】Qiu YX, Hong DY, Fu CX, Cameron KM. Genetic variation in the endangered and endemic species Changium smyrnioides (Apiaceae) [J].Biochemical Systematic and Ecology. 2004,32:583 -596
【156】Coates.D.J.and VL.Hamley.Genetic divergence end the mating system in the endangered and geographically restricted species,Lamber-tia orbifolia gardner[J].Heredity.1999,83:418427
【157】Karron, J.D., YB.Linhart, CA.Chaulk,and CA.Robertson.Genetic structure of populations of geographically restricted and widespread species of Astmgalus (Fabaceae).American Journal of Botany.1988,75:1114-1119
【158】葛永奇,邱英雄等.孑遗植物银杏群体遗传多样性的ISSR分析[J].生物多样性,2003,11(4): 276-287
【159】Hamrick, J.L., M.L. Wgoat. et al. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species[J]. New Forests,1992,6:95-124.
【160】Nybom H,Bartish I.V. Effects of life history traits and sampling strategies on genetic diversity estimates obtained with RAPD markers in plants[J]. Perspect Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst.,2000,312:93-114
【161】王国样,刘学勤,乔俊.山西森林[M].北京:中国林业出版社.1992,309-314
【162】Hamrick J L, Godt M J W. Effect of life history traits on genetic diversity in plant species [J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Series B,Biological Sciences.1996a,351: 1291-1298
【163】刘占林,赵桂芳.居群遗传学原理及其在濒危珍稀植物保护中的应用[J].生物多样性,1999, 7 (4):340-346
【164】Sagnard F, Barberot C, Fady B. Structure of Genetic diversity in Abies alba Mill. From southwestern Alps: multivariate analysis of adaptive and non-adaptive traits for conservation in France [J]. Forest Ecology and Managenment. 2002,157:175-189
【165】钱韦,葛颂等.采用RAPD和ISSR标记探讨中国疣粒野生稻的遗传多样性[J].植物学报. 2000.42 (7):741-750
【166】王小全,邹喻萍等.银杉遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].中国科学(C辑),1996,26:436-442
【167】熊丹,陈发菊等.神农架地区濒危植物香果树的遗传多样性研究[J].西北植物学报,2006,26 (6):1272-1276
【168】CHen X Y (陈小勇).Gene flow of plants and its role in the conservat ion of endangered p lants[J]. Chinese Biodiversity (生物多样性),1996, 4 (2):97-102 ( in Chinese).
【169】Slatkinm.Gene flow and geographic structure of natural populations[J].Science,1987, 236:787-792.
【170】Widen B,Svensson L.Conservation of genetic variation in plants: the importance of population size and gene flow[A ].In: Hansson,ed . Ecologoical principles of nature conservation: application in temperate and boreal environments[M].New York: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1992:113-161
【171】N.Ttero,J.Aspi,P.et al.Genetic structure and gene flow in a metapopulation of an endangered plant species, Silene tatarica[J]. Molecular Ecology (2003) 12, 2073–2085
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |