川西坳陷中段上三叠统须家河组天然气成藏特征研究
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摘要
四川盆地是我国重要的天然气勘探地区,其西部坳陷中段更是西南油气分公司的主力产气区。川西坳陷自晚三叠世以来,经历了印支、燕山、喜马拉雅多期构造运动,导致了上三叠统须家河组岩石物性、构造特征、流体性质和地压场的多期次变化,油气运移聚集经多次反复而成藏。川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组天然气富集带环绕彭灌生烃凹陷,在其东、西、北坡呈马蹄形分布。
本文通过现场调研、野外剖面观察、采样测试、钻井资料、和国内外现状的研究,综合烃源岩地球化学特征:有机碳、干酪根的镜检类型、热解参数和抽提物族组份特征、饱和烃色谱特征等对烃源岩进行综合分析与评价得出,平均有机碳大于1.5%,氯仿沥青“A”一般大于0.12%,Ro大于1%,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,下部烃源岩西部好于东部,而上部烃源岩烃源岩东部好于西部,表明生烃中心由西部向东部转移。另外,利用PetroMod盆地模拟软件模拟了生烃史、储层孔隙演化史、盖层孔隙演化史。总体表现为以须三为界线,对于须三以下层段的烃源岩,即马鞍塘、小塘子组、须二段、须三段烃源岩,由南西向北东,进入相同生油气阶段的时间逐渐提前,而对于相同的地质时期,则表现为西部地区所处的生油气阶段明显比东部地区靠后,须四段、须五段烃源岩,则表现为由南西向北东,则表现出一种相反的趋势,即进入相同生油气阶段的时间逐渐滞后,而对于相同的地质时期,则表现为南西部地区所处的生油气阶段比北东部地区提前;须二段在东部新场地区储层致密化时期为晚侏罗世遂宁组沉积末期,西部孝泉地区稍早为中侏罗世末期,东西向时间为西早东晚,南北向时间相差不大,须四段比须二段晚;盖层,须三段在西部鸭子河地区在须三段末期基本具封盖能力,中部新场基本到须四段沉积中期才具有封盖能力,东部的丰谷地区更晚,约在须五段沉积末期具备封盖能力,须五段在中部、东部较早,具备封盖能力时期主要在上沙溪庙组早期,而西部须五段泥页岩具备封盖能力时期相对较晚,在遂宁组早期。
结合前人在成藏年代学、构造发育史、裂缝发育史等研究成果总结出川西坳陷中段须一段上三叠统的原生气藏成藏期为印支中晚期-燕山中晚期。晚白垩世以后,储层整体致密化,油气被致密化作用所“封存”。喜马拉雅运动使区内产生强烈形变,主要表现为裂缝对早期致密化“封存”油气的活化作用。因此,川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组天然气的成藏特征:早期“古构造”是天然气藏聚集的基础;中期“致密化封存”是天然气保存的条件;晚期“裂缝活化”是天然气富集的关键。
Sichuan Basin is an important natural gas exploration area, its the middle of the western depression is the main gas production area for Southwest subsidiary of Sinopec. Since Late Triassic,Western Sichuan depression has experienced Indosinian,Yanshanian and Himalayan movements,leading to the multi-stage changes of poroperm characteristics,structural features,fluid properties and geo-pressure fields,as well as reservoiring through repeated migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons.Gas inUpperTriassic Xujiahe Formation in Western Sichuan depression has been accumulated around the Pengguan hydrocarbon-generating sag,and distributed in the eastern,western and northern slopes of the sag.
Through field research, field profile, sample tests, drilling data, and the status of research abroad, comprehensive the characteristic of source rock geochemistry: TOC, Microscopic examination of kerogen type, thermal decomposition parameters and characteristics of extracts were ethnic group, saturated hydrocarbon chromatographic characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks on the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of obtained, the average organic carbon than 1.5%, chloroform bitumen "A" generally greater than 0.12%, Ro than 1%, the main type of organic matter typeⅢ, lower source rocks west than the east, while the upper part of hydrocarbon source rocks in the eastern source rock is better than the west, that center of the hydrocarbon west to east transfer. In addition, use of PetroMod basin modeling software to simulate the Hydrocarbon generation history, pore evolution of reservoir, pore evolution of cap. Overall performance is to be the third of Xujiahe formation for the boundary line for the following paragraph to the three source rocks, that Ma'antang,Xiaotangzi, the second and the third of Xujiahe formation source rocks, north-east from the Southwest, into the same generation hydrocarbon stage gradually advance, while for the same geological period, is manifested in which the students the western region was less marked than oil and gas stage after east district, the fourth and the fifth source rocks, the performance of the grounds of southwest to northeast , then showed a contrary trend, that is, into the same hydrocarbon phase lag gradually over time, but for the same geological period, the performance of the South West Region are oil and gas phase advance than the northeast region;Xinchang field in the eastern the reservoir of the second of Xujiahe formation compaction during the Late Jurassic,end of Suining Formation deposition Xiaoquan field in western region after as late Middle Jurassic, what time the West to the East as early as late north-south difference in time, not to large, the fourth of Xujiahe formation later than the second of Xujiahe formation; The cap rock,the third of Xujiahe formation in the western region Yazihe to end of the third of Xujiahe formation deposition have ability of the sealing gland, the middle of the Xinchang feild to the end of the fourth of Xujiahe deposited with the sealing gland ability, the eastern part of Fenggu area later that about to be fifth of Xujiahe formation have the ability,the fifth of Xujiahe formation eastern and middle area earlier, have the ability to cover on the earlier period of Shaximiao formation, but the west area have the sealing ability of shale with relatively late, in the Suining formation early.
Combined with previous chronology in the accumulation, tectonic evolution history, fracture history and other research results summarized that the original gas reservoirs in the UpperTriassic in West-ern Sichuan depression have been formed in middle-late Indosinian to middle-late Yanshanian. Since Late Creta-ceous,the whole reservoirs have been compacted,peak of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion has finished,and hy-drocarbons have been“sealed up”as a result of the compaction.This area has been strongly deformed by Himalayan movement and the hydrocarbons“sealed up”during the earlier compaction have been reactivated by the fractures.Therefore,the reservoiring of gas inUpperTriassic Xujiahe Formation of inWestern Sichuan depression are characterized by the early“palaeo-structures”to be the basis of gas accumulation,intermediate“compaction seal-up”to be the condition of gas preservation,and the late“fracture activation”to be the key to gas enrichment.
本文通过现场调研、野外剖面观察、采样测试、钻井资料、和国内外现状的研究,综合烃源岩地球化学特征:有机碳、干酪根的镜检类型、热解参数和抽提物族组份特征、饱和烃色谱特征等对烃源岩进行综合分析与评价得出,平均有机碳大于1.5%,氯仿沥青“A”一般大于0.12%,Ro大于1%,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,下部烃源岩西部好于东部,而上部烃源岩烃源岩东部好于西部,表明生烃中心由西部向东部转移。另外,利用PetroMod盆地模拟软件模拟了生烃史、储层孔隙演化史、盖层孔隙演化史。总体表现为以须三为界线,对于须三以下层段的烃源岩,即马鞍塘、小塘子组、须二段、须三段烃源岩,由南西向北东,进入相同生油气阶段的时间逐渐提前,而对于相同的地质时期,则表现为西部地区所处的生油气阶段明显比东部地区靠后,须四段、须五段烃源岩,则表现为由南西向北东,则表现出一种相反的趋势,即进入相同生油气阶段的时间逐渐滞后,而对于相同的地质时期,则表现为南西部地区所处的生油气阶段比北东部地区提前;须二段在东部新场地区储层致密化时期为晚侏罗世遂宁组沉积末期,西部孝泉地区稍早为中侏罗世末期,东西向时间为西早东晚,南北向时间相差不大,须四段比须二段晚;盖层,须三段在西部鸭子河地区在须三段末期基本具封盖能力,中部新场基本到须四段沉积中期才具有封盖能力,东部的丰谷地区更晚,约在须五段沉积末期具备封盖能力,须五段在中部、东部较早,具备封盖能力时期主要在上沙溪庙组早期,而西部须五段泥页岩具备封盖能力时期相对较晚,在遂宁组早期。
结合前人在成藏年代学、构造发育史、裂缝发育史等研究成果总结出川西坳陷中段须一段上三叠统的原生气藏成藏期为印支中晚期-燕山中晚期。晚白垩世以后,储层整体致密化,油气被致密化作用所“封存”。喜马拉雅运动使区内产生强烈形变,主要表现为裂缝对早期致密化“封存”油气的活化作用。因此,川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组天然气的成藏特征:早期“古构造”是天然气藏聚集的基础;中期“致密化封存”是天然气保存的条件;晚期“裂缝活化”是天然气富集的关键。
Sichuan Basin is an important natural gas exploration area, its the middle of the western depression is the main gas production area for Southwest subsidiary of Sinopec. Since Late Triassic,Western Sichuan depression has experienced Indosinian,Yanshanian and Himalayan movements,leading to the multi-stage changes of poroperm characteristics,structural features,fluid properties and geo-pressure fields,as well as reservoiring through repeated migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons.Gas inUpperTriassic Xujiahe Formation in Western Sichuan depression has been accumulated around the Pengguan hydrocarbon-generating sag,and distributed in the eastern,western and northern slopes of the sag.
Through field research, field profile, sample tests, drilling data, and the status of research abroad, comprehensive the characteristic of source rock geochemistry: TOC, Microscopic examination of kerogen type, thermal decomposition parameters and characteristics of extracts were ethnic group, saturated hydrocarbon chromatographic characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks on the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of obtained, the average organic carbon than 1.5%, chloroform bitumen "A" generally greater than 0.12%, Ro than 1%, the main type of organic matter typeⅢ, lower source rocks west than the east, while the upper part of hydrocarbon source rocks in the eastern source rock is better than the west, that center of the hydrocarbon west to east transfer. In addition, use of PetroMod basin modeling software to simulate the Hydrocarbon generation history, pore evolution of reservoir, pore evolution of cap. Overall performance is to be the third of Xujiahe formation for the boundary line for the following paragraph to the three source rocks, that Ma'antang,Xiaotangzi, the second and the third of Xujiahe formation source rocks, north-east from the Southwest, into the same generation hydrocarbon stage gradually advance, while for the same geological period, is manifested in which the students the western region was less marked than oil and gas stage after east district, the fourth and the fifth source rocks, the performance of the grounds of southwest to northeast , then showed a contrary trend, that is, into the same hydrocarbon phase lag gradually over time, but for the same geological period, the performance of the South West Region are oil and gas phase advance than the northeast region;Xinchang field in the eastern the reservoir of the second of Xujiahe formation compaction during the Late Jurassic,end of Suining Formation deposition Xiaoquan field in western region after as late Middle Jurassic, what time the West to the East as early as late north-south difference in time, not to large, the fourth of Xujiahe formation later than the second of Xujiahe formation; The cap rock,the third of Xujiahe formation in the western region Yazihe to end of the third of Xujiahe formation deposition have ability of the sealing gland, the middle of the Xinchang feild to the end of the fourth of Xujiahe deposited with the sealing gland ability, the eastern part of Fenggu area later that about to be fifth of Xujiahe formation have the ability,the fifth of Xujiahe formation eastern and middle area earlier, have the ability to cover on the earlier period of Shaximiao formation, but the west area have the sealing ability of shale with relatively late, in the Suining formation early.
Combined with previous chronology in the accumulation, tectonic evolution history, fracture history and other research results summarized that the original gas reservoirs in the UpperTriassic in West-ern Sichuan depression have been formed in middle-late Indosinian to middle-late Yanshanian. Since Late Creta-ceous,the whole reservoirs have been compacted,peak of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion has finished,and hy-drocarbons have been“sealed up”as a result of the compaction.This area has been strongly deformed by Himalayan movement and the hydrocarbons“sealed up”during the earlier compaction have been reactivated by the fractures.Therefore,the reservoiring of gas inUpperTriassic Xujiahe Formation of inWestern Sichuan depression are characterized by the early“palaeo-structures”to be the basis of gas accumulation,intermediate“compaction seal-up”to be the condition of gas preservation,and the late“fracture activation”to be the key to gas enrichment.
引文
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