AZ31镁合金表面铝合金化层的制备与性能研究
摘要
镁合金是目前工业上最轻的金属结构材料,它具有密度低,比刚度、比强度高,阻尼减震性好,易切削加工,以及良好的可回收利用等优点,得到普遍应用。但是镁合金低的耐蚀耐磨性能制约了其优势的发挥。因此,采用表面改性技术以增强镁合金表面的耐蚀耐磨性具有重要的现实意义。本文以AZ31镁合金为研究对象,采用铝在镁合金表面进行预置式脉冲钨极氩弧合金化技术以及激光合金化技术提高镁合金表面的性能。同时采用Al+La_2O_3混合粉末进行激光合金化处理来改善合金化层质量。
本文分析了合金化层形成机理,在适当的工艺参数下(脉冲钨极氩弧I=80 A,保护气体流量L=15 L/min;激光P=1.2 KW,V=500 mm/min)所得到的合金化层宏观表面均匀平整,气孔、夹渣、弧坑等缺陷较少。对于脉冲钨极氩弧合金化,随着焊接电流或者保护气体流量的增加,熔深呈上升趋势;对于激光合金化,随着扫描速度的增加,合金化层的熔深、熔宽呈下降趋势。在合金化层内获得了均匀细化的晶粒,合金化层中存在着不同的显微组织特征,呈现柱状、等轴状、雪花状以及网状结构。
与镁合金AZ31母材的硬度相比(约为50 HV),铝合金化使处理显微硬度有较大的提高。脉冲钨极氩弧表面合金化层显微硬度值在200 HV左右,而激光铝合金化层的显微硬度在150 HV左右。合金化层显微硬度的提高主要归因于合金化层中晶粒细化、大量的Mg_(17)Al_(12)、Mg_2Al_3等第二相的存在以及基体中铝含量的增加。显微硬度的提高也使得合金化层的耐磨性较基体提高。激光Al+5wt%La_2O_3合金化层显微硬度和耐磨性略低于未加入稀土的铝合金化层。
在3.5%NaCl溶液中进行电化学腐蚀试验结果表明,合金化层的耐蚀性要好于基体AZ31镁合金。合金化层耐蚀性增强主要是由于合金化层内的晶粒细化,合金化层中密集呈网状分布的第二相,以及基材表层Al含量的提高。
Magnesium as the lightest metal structure of industrial materials, magnesium and its alloys are widely used because of their low densities, high specific strength, strong electromagnetic shielding and antiradiation, easy cutting and recycling. However, the poor anticorrosion performance of magnesium alloys restricts their expanded appli- cations. Therefore, it is great significant to enhance the corrosion resistance and wear of Mg alloys by using the surface modification technology. In this study, AZ31 magnesium alloy was studied with the aluminum alloy surface through the prepulsed tungsten inert gas arc alloying (GTA), laser alloying technology to improve the surface properties of magnesium alloy. In order to improve the quality of alloyed layer, the laser processing on the surface of magnesium alloy were studied with Al+La_2O_3 powders.
The formation mechanism of the alloying layer was analyzed. Under the optimi- zed processing parameters(I=80 A,L=15 L/min and P=1.2 KW,v=500 mm/min), the macrosurface of melting layer was uniform and less defects such as porosities, slag and craters. The study of GTA alloying showed that the depth of alloyed layers increase with increasing the welding current or protective gas flow rate; as for the laser alloying, the depth and width decrease with increasing laser translation speed. Within the alloy layer uniform refined grain, and several different microstructure in the alloy layer, such as columnar, equiaxed, snowflake and network structure.
Compared with the hardness of AZ31 alloy (approximately 50 HV), the alloyed layer microhardness significantly increased. The hardness of GTA surface melting layer reinforced was approximately 200 HV. Al alloy layer of the laser micro hardness of about 150 HV. Alloyed layer micro hardness increase is mainly fine grains、Al content increases and a mass of Mg_(17)Al_(12)、Mg_2Al_3 phase distribution in melting layer. Al +5wt%La_2O_3 laser alloyed layer micro hardness and wear were slightly lower than without adding rare earth elements.
The potentiodynamic polarization results confirm that the corrosion resistance of alloying layer is better than the magnesium alloy AZ31 matrix. The main reason is the grain size in melting layer was obviously refined, and the occurrence of network- intensive second phase, Al elements increasing.
本文分析了合金化层形成机理,在适当的工艺参数下(脉冲钨极氩弧I=80 A,保护气体流量L=15 L/min;激光P=1.2 KW,V=500 mm/min)所得到的合金化层宏观表面均匀平整,气孔、夹渣、弧坑等缺陷较少。对于脉冲钨极氩弧合金化,随着焊接电流或者保护气体流量的增加,熔深呈上升趋势;对于激光合金化,随着扫描速度的增加,合金化层的熔深、熔宽呈下降趋势。在合金化层内获得了均匀细化的晶粒,合金化层中存在着不同的显微组织特征,呈现柱状、等轴状、雪花状以及网状结构。
与镁合金AZ31母材的硬度相比(约为50 HV),铝合金化使处理显微硬度有较大的提高。脉冲钨极氩弧表面合金化层显微硬度值在200 HV左右,而激光铝合金化层的显微硬度在150 HV左右。合金化层显微硬度的提高主要归因于合金化层中晶粒细化、大量的Mg_(17)Al_(12)、Mg_2Al_3等第二相的存在以及基体中铝含量的增加。显微硬度的提高也使得合金化层的耐磨性较基体提高。激光Al+5wt%La_2O_3合金化层显微硬度和耐磨性略低于未加入稀土的铝合金化层。
在3.5%NaCl溶液中进行电化学腐蚀试验结果表明,合金化层的耐蚀性要好于基体AZ31镁合金。合金化层耐蚀性增强主要是由于合金化层内的晶粒细化,合金化层中密集呈网状分布的第二相,以及基材表层Al含量的提高。
Magnesium as the lightest metal structure of industrial materials, magnesium and its alloys are widely used because of their low densities, high specific strength, strong electromagnetic shielding and antiradiation, easy cutting and recycling. However, the poor anticorrosion performance of magnesium alloys restricts their expanded appli- cations. Therefore, it is great significant to enhance the corrosion resistance and wear of Mg alloys by using the surface modification technology. In this study, AZ31 magnesium alloy was studied with the aluminum alloy surface through the prepulsed tungsten inert gas arc alloying (GTA), laser alloying technology to improve the surface properties of magnesium alloy. In order to improve the quality of alloyed layer, the laser processing on the surface of magnesium alloy were studied with Al+La_2O_3 powders.
The formation mechanism of the alloying layer was analyzed. Under the optimi- zed processing parameters(I=80 A,L=15 L/min and P=1.2 KW,v=500 mm/min), the macrosurface of melting layer was uniform and less defects such as porosities, slag and craters. The study of GTA alloying showed that the depth of alloyed layers increase with increasing the welding current or protective gas flow rate; as for the laser alloying, the depth and width decrease with increasing laser translation speed. Within the alloy layer uniform refined grain, and several different microstructure in the alloy layer, such as columnar, equiaxed, snowflake and network structure.
Compared with the hardness of AZ31 alloy (approximately 50 HV), the alloyed layer microhardness significantly increased. The hardness of GTA surface melting layer reinforced was approximately 200 HV. Al alloy layer of the laser micro hardness of about 150 HV. Alloyed layer micro hardness increase is mainly fine grains、Al content increases and a mass of Mg_(17)Al_(12)、Mg_2Al_3 phase distribution in melting layer. Al +5wt%La_2O_3 laser alloyed layer micro hardness and wear were slightly lower than without adding rare earth elements.
The potentiodynamic polarization results confirm that the corrosion resistance of alloying layer is better than the magnesium alloy AZ31 matrix. The main reason is the grain size in melting layer was obviously refined, and the occurrence of network- intensive second phase, Al elements increasing.
引文
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