滹沱河冲积扇冲洪积物光释光测年及其晚更新世以来气候演化释光年代学
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摘要
晚第四纪冲积、洪积、湖积和冰水沉积等水成沉积物在我国华北、东北及西北地区广泛分布,尤其在平原、低山丘陵处大量发育。冲洪积物的岩性、岩相信息直接反映它的沉积环境特征,沉积地层中蕴藏着丰富的区域气候环境变迁信息。对冲洪积物进行年代学研究,建立区域气候演变过程的年代学框架,预测未来环境变化,这对于当今人类的生产生活、经济建设等社会活动具有重要意义。光释光测年因其在松散沉积物方面独有的优势受到第四纪工作者的青睐。本文以滹沱河冲洪积物样品为例进行冲洪积物的前处理条件研究、回授释光可行性探讨以及滹沱河冲积扇晚更新世以来气候环境演化释光年代学研究,得到成果如下：
1、通过对滹沱河冲洪积物细颗粒多矿物组分进行“等浓度不等时间”和“等时间不等浓度”氟硅酸刻蚀实验以及对已知年龄样品进行光释光测年表明,对于水成沉积物样品,尤其对于冲洪积物样品来说,由于其沉积环境复杂多变,各个样品中矿物构成及来源不同,用冲洪积物样品光释光测年时,不能用统一的方法进行样品前处理,各个样品需要视其具体情况而定。
2、通过对冲洪积物粗颗粒组分进行重液、十二胺浮选石英,并进行X衍射、石英OSL信号衰减对比实验可知,应用十二胺浮选的样品中含有10.5%的杂质。多钨酸钠重液分选的样品中石英含量高达98%。重液分选法可以得到更为纯净的石英。
3、滹沱河冲洪积样品和阳原地区湖相样品的细颗粒石英组分均具有明显热转移光释光信号,但冲积样品回授光释光信号没有随深度逐步增加的规律,而湖相样品热转移光释光信号随深度逐渐增大；冲洪积物细颗粒石英样品回授光释光不能得出剂量值,剂量不能恢复：同一湖相样品回授光释光测年结果与简单多片光释光测年结果对比说明,回授光释光测年在一定时间范围内对于湖相样品测年是可行的。
4、通过对滹沱河晚更新世以来沉积地层的光释光年龄测定、对比、孢粉分析,将该区域晚更新世以来气候环境变化粗略划分成四个发展阶段：约146±8.1ka B.P.以前,为温和偏干的荒漠草原气候；146±8.1 ka B.P.-80±4.5ka B.P.,气候变得温暖潮湿,植被演变为针阔叶混交林-草原类型；80±4.5ka B.P.-18±2.5ka B.P.,气候变干冷,植被类型是以荒漠草原为主,局部地段有疏林草原的植被景观；18±2.5ka B.P.一今,冷暖交替,植被类型演变为疏林草原景观。
Aqueous deposits,such as alluvial sediments, diluvial-deposits, lacustrine sediments and fluvioglacial deposits of Late Quaternary sediments are widely distributed in the North, Northeast and Northwest of China, especially in plains, hills and the mountain front. The lithology and lithofacies of alluvial sediments directly reflect the characteristics of the sedimentary environments, and information about regional climate and environmental change are rich in the sedimentary strata.It is significant for human production and economic development to carry out chronological study of regional climate evolution and create a chronological framework so as to predict future environmental changes. Quaternary workers think highly of OSL dating for its unique advantages in dating of loose deposits. Taking Hutuo-river alluvial-diluvial sediments for example, Pre-treatment experiment,the possibility of Re-OSL dating with fine-grained quartz for water-deposited sediments and the environmental change of the Hutuo-river alluvial area has been studied in this paper.The results are as follows.
1.The fine-grained quartz samples have been divided into 7 different groups of the same amount. Silicon fluoride acid etching experiments have been conducted in each group through controlling of time and concentration respectively. The results show that we should choose corresponding pre-treatment methods for different samples, because of the complex sedimentary environment, the various of mineral composition, and different sources of the water sediments,especially for the alluvial sediments.
2.By the experiments of etching the coarse particles with heavy liquid and 12 amine to purify quartz, the comparative study of X-diffraction and quartz OSL signal attenuation implies that samples by 12 amine flotation still contain 10.5% impurities. Samples which are separated by the heavy liquid contain quartz up to 98%. Therefore, heavy liquid separation can purify quartz better than other methods.
3.There are TT-OSL signals in the fine-grained quartz both of alluvial sediments of Hutuo-river and lacustrine sediments of Yangyuan area,The OSL signals of the fluvial sediments does not increase gradually with depth while the lacustrine does; The recovery dose experiment reveal that dose value can not be restored of the alluvial sediments; Comparing the multiple aliquots fine-grained quartz SMAR and Re-OSL dating results of the same lacustrine sediments, the result shows that the Re-OSL dating for lacustrine sediments is feasible to some range of time.
4. Through OSL dating of alluvial sediments of Hutuo-river since late pleistocene and comparing the sample age with the pollen analysis, the chronological framework of paleoclimatic evolution since late Pleistocene of the study area was reconstructed. It can be divided into four stages. Before 146±8.1ka B.P., the climate was moderate and dry. The vegetation environment was desert and steppe type; From 146±8.1 ka B.P. to 80±4.5ka B.P.,the climate became warm and wet and the vegetation changed into mixed forests of coniferous and latifoliate and grassland; From 80±4.5ka B.P. to 18±2.5ka B.P.,the climate was dry and cold and the vegetation was mainly desert and steppe with steppe-woodland in part of the region; Since 18±2.5ka B.P. the climate has been alternate with cold and warm and the vegetation has become steppe-woodland.
1、通过对滹沱河冲洪积物细颗粒多矿物组分进行“等浓度不等时间”和“等时间不等浓度”氟硅酸刻蚀实验以及对已知年龄样品进行光释光测年表明,对于水成沉积物样品,尤其对于冲洪积物样品来说,由于其沉积环境复杂多变,各个样品中矿物构成及来源不同,用冲洪积物样品光释光测年时,不能用统一的方法进行样品前处理,各个样品需要视其具体情况而定。
2、通过对冲洪积物粗颗粒组分进行重液、十二胺浮选石英,并进行X衍射、石英OSL信号衰减对比实验可知,应用十二胺浮选的样品中含有10.5%的杂质。多钨酸钠重液分选的样品中石英含量高达98%。重液分选法可以得到更为纯净的石英。
3、滹沱河冲洪积样品和阳原地区湖相样品的细颗粒石英组分均具有明显热转移光释光信号,但冲积样品回授光释光信号没有随深度逐步增加的规律,而湖相样品热转移光释光信号随深度逐渐增大；冲洪积物细颗粒石英样品回授光释光不能得出剂量值,剂量不能恢复：同一湖相样品回授光释光测年结果与简单多片光释光测年结果对比说明,回授光释光测年在一定时间范围内对于湖相样品测年是可行的。
4、通过对滹沱河晚更新世以来沉积地层的光释光年龄测定、对比、孢粉分析,将该区域晚更新世以来气候环境变化粗略划分成四个发展阶段：约146±8.1ka B.P.以前,为温和偏干的荒漠草原气候；146±8.1 ka B.P.-80±4.5ka B.P.,气候变得温暖潮湿,植被演变为针阔叶混交林-草原类型；80±4.5ka B.P.-18±2.5ka B.P.,气候变干冷,植被类型是以荒漠草原为主,局部地段有疏林草原的植被景观；18±2.5ka B.P.一今,冷暖交替,植被类型演变为疏林草原景观。
Aqueous deposits,such as alluvial sediments, diluvial-deposits, lacustrine sediments and fluvioglacial deposits of Late Quaternary sediments are widely distributed in the North, Northeast and Northwest of China, especially in plains, hills and the mountain front. The lithology and lithofacies of alluvial sediments directly reflect the characteristics of the sedimentary environments, and information about regional climate and environmental change are rich in the sedimentary strata.It is significant for human production and economic development to carry out chronological study of regional climate evolution and create a chronological framework so as to predict future environmental changes. Quaternary workers think highly of OSL dating for its unique advantages in dating of loose deposits. Taking Hutuo-river alluvial-diluvial sediments for example, Pre-treatment experiment,the possibility of Re-OSL dating with fine-grained quartz for water-deposited sediments and the environmental change of the Hutuo-river alluvial area has been studied in this paper.The results are as follows.
1.The fine-grained quartz samples have been divided into 7 different groups of the same amount. Silicon fluoride acid etching experiments have been conducted in each group through controlling of time and concentration respectively. The results show that we should choose corresponding pre-treatment methods for different samples, because of the complex sedimentary environment, the various of mineral composition, and different sources of the water sediments,especially for the alluvial sediments.
2.By the experiments of etching the coarse particles with heavy liquid and 12 amine to purify quartz, the comparative study of X-diffraction and quartz OSL signal attenuation implies that samples by 12 amine flotation still contain 10.5% impurities. Samples which are separated by the heavy liquid contain quartz up to 98%. Therefore, heavy liquid separation can purify quartz better than other methods.
3.There are TT-OSL signals in the fine-grained quartz both of alluvial sediments of Hutuo-river and lacustrine sediments of Yangyuan area,The OSL signals of the fluvial sediments does not increase gradually with depth while the lacustrine does; The recovery dose experiment reveal that dose value can not be restored of the alluvial sediments; Comparing the multiple aliquots fine-grained quartz SMAR and Re-OSL dating results of the same lacustrine sediments, the result shows that the Re-OSL dating for lacustrine sediments is feasible to some range of time.
4. Through OSL dating of alluvial sediments of Hutuo-river since late pleistocene and comparing the sample age with the pollen analysis, the chronological framework of paleoclimatic evolution since late Pleistocene of the study area was reconstructed. It can be divided into four stages. Before 146±8.1ka B.P., the climate was moderate and dry. The vegetation environment was desert and steppe type; From 146±8.1 ka B.P. to 80±4.5ka B.P.,the climate became warm and wet and the vegetation changed into mixed forests of coniferous and latifoliate and grassland; From 80±4.5ka B.P. to 18±2.5ka B.P.,the climate was dry and cold and the vegetation was mainly desert and steppe with steppe-woodland in part of the region; Since 18±2.5ka B.P. the climate has been alternate with cold and warm and the vegetation has become steppe-woodland.
引文
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