模糊控制算法研究及其在水泥球磨机上的应用
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摘要
在现代水泥生产的整个流程中,生料粉磨具有重要的地位,磨机工作的稳定性以及出磨生料的质量将直接影响水泥产品的最终质量和等级。目前,国内水泥企业使用的生料磨系统大都是球磨机,然而,水泥球磨机系统具有多变量、强耦合、非线性严重以及生产工况变化大等工作特性。而目前广泛使用的手动控制或者简单的单回路PID调节器等常规控制方式难以适应由于球磨机内部工况复杂造成的非线性等特性,从而无法及时克服系统中的扰动,难以取得理想的控制效果。
模糊控制算法是一种将专家的控制经验应用于控制器的智能控制算法,对于被控对象的非线性和强耦合等特点具有极强的适应性。因此,从1965年模糊控制理论被提出以来,模糊控制技术已经在工业控制的很多领域中得到了广泛的应用。根据水泥球磨机的工作特性以及模糊控制的特点,将模糊控制算法应用于生料磨系统的控制中,结合人工的控制经验可以取得较好的控制效果。然而,纯粹的模糊控制往往具有稳态误差较大,存在扰动等问题,单独的使用模糊控制难以完全满足对于生料磨系统实际控制的需要,因此,模糊控制与其他控制算法或者多个模糊控制器按照一定算法组合使用成为必要的选择。通过对从流程工业系统中抽象出来的同样具有多变量、强耦合、非线性特点的实验设备——储联罐系统的上下罐水位的控制来模拟流程工业过程中对液位、压力、流量等被控量的控制,对于算法的移植和实用化具有一定的现实意义。
本课题正是基于水泥生料磨系统和模糊控制的特点,针对山东水泥厂4#水泥生产线的球磨机系统,设计相应的模糊控制器,并完成一系列C++编程和OPC通讯等具体的工程实践工作。通过对球磨机的模糊优化控制和对配料系统的优化控制,可以基本保证水泥生料磨的高效稳定运行,同时保证产品的质量。从而实现对整个水泥生料磨系统的优化控制,实现生产的整体优化。这说明模糊控制算法能够很好的解决水泥球磨机系统中存在的多变量、强耦合、非线性等问题,并且对负荷扰动、系统噪声等也都具有一定的抑制能力。
In modern cement production process, the raw material grinding has an important place, who works stability, and the quality of the out raw materials will directly affect the quality of the final cement product and grade. At present, the usual raw mill system that the domestic cement companies used are mostly ball grinding mill systems, which has the characteristics of multi-variable, strong coupling, nonlinear serious and variation greatly in different operating conditions, and the widely used conventional control methods, such as manual control or simple single-loop PID regulator are difficult to adapt to the complex non-linear and other conditions within the ball mill. So it can not overcome the system disturbance in time, and it is difficult to achieve the desired control effects.
The fuzzy control algorithm is an intelligent controller which can applied to the experience of the experts, and for the nonlinear controlled and strong coupling objects, it has a strong adaptability. Therefore, since 1965, the fuzzy control theory was proposed, it has been used widely in the industrial control areas. According to the operating characteristics of the cement raw ball mill system, as well as the characteristics of fuzzy control, combining with the manual control experience, fuzzy control algorithm can get better control effect. However, pure fuzzy control tend to have higher steady-state error and disturbances, so the only use of fuzzy control is impossible to completely satisfy the raw mill system for the actual control needs, therefore, with other control algorithms or more of the fuzzy control devices used together become a necessary choice. Through the control of water tank system, which is abstract from the industrial process system and has the same characteristics of multi-variable, strong coupling, and non-linear, to simulate the control of industrial processes in level, pressure, flow rate is practical significance in algorithms transplanting.
This issue designed the corresponding fuzzy controller, and complete a series of C + + programming and the engineering work of OPC communications based on the characteristics of cement raw material grinding system and fuzzy control, according to Shandong Cement Factory cement production line 4 # ball grinding machine system. By the fuzzy optimal controlling of ball grinding machine, the cement raw mill can work in highly efficient and stable operation, while ensuring product quality, which means the fuzzy control algorithm can be a good solution to deal with multi-variable, strong coupling, nonlinear problems in cement mill system, and to disturbances, system noise, it also have a certain suppression ability.
模糊控制算法是一种将专家的控制经验应用于控制器的智能控制算法,对于被控对象的非线性和强耦合等特点具有极强的适应性。因此,从1965年模糊控制理论被提出以来,模糊控制技术已经在工业控制的很多领域中得到了广泛的应用。根据水泥球磨机的工作特性以及模糊控制的特点,将模糊控制算法应用于生料磨系统的控制中,结合人工的控制经验可以取得较好的控制效果。然而,纯粹的模糊控制往往具有稳态误差较大,存在扰动等问题,单独的使用模糊控制难以完全满足对于生料磨系统实际控制的需要,因此,模糊控制与其他控制算法或者多个模糊控制器按照一定算法组合使用成为必要的选择。通过对从流程工业系统中抽象出来的同样具有多变量、强耦合、非线性特点的实验设备——储联罐系统的上下罐水位的控制来模拟流程工业过程中对液位、压力、流量等被控量的控制,对于算法的移植和实用化具有一定的现实意义。
本课题正是基于水泥生料磨系统和模糊控制的特点,针对山东水泥厂4#水泥生产线的球磨机系统,设计相应的模糊控制器,并完成一系列C++编程和OPC通讯等具体的工程实践工作。通过对球磨机的模糊优化控制和对配料系统的优化控制,可以基本保证水泥生料磨的高效稳定运行,同时保证产品的质量。从而实现对整个水泥生料磨系统的优化控制,实现生产的整体优化。这说明模糊控制算法能够很好的解决水泥球磨机系统中存在的多变量、强耦合、非线性等问题,并且对负荷扰动、系统噪声等也都具有一定的抑制能力。
In modern cement production process, the raw material grinding has an important place, who works stability, and the quality of the out raw materials will directly affect the quality of the final cement product and grade. At present, the usual raw mill system that the domestic cement companies used are mostly ball grinding mill systems, which has the characteristics of multi-variable, strong coupling, nonlinear serious and variation greatly in different operating conditions, and the widely used conventional control methods, such as manual control or simple single-loop PID regulator are difficult to adapt to the complex non-linear and other conditions within the ball mill. So it can not overcome the system disturbance in time, and it is difficult to achieve the desired control effects.
The fuzzy control algorithm is an intelligent controller which can applied to the experience of the experts, and for the nonlinear controlled and strong coupling objects, it has a strong adaptability. Therefore, since 1965, the fuzzy control theory was proposed, it has been used widely in the industrial control areas. According to the operating characteristics of the cement raw ball mill system, as well as the characteristics of fuzzy control, combining with the manual control experience, fuzzy control algorithm can get better control effect. However, pure fuzzy control tend to have higher steady-state error and disturbances, so the only use of fuzzy control is impossible to completely satisfy the raw mill system for the actual control needs, therefore, with other control algorithms or more of the fuzzy control devices used together become a necessary choice. Through the control of water tank system, which is abstract from the industrial process system and has the same characteristics of multi-variable, strong coupling, and non-linear, to simulate the control of industrial processes in level, pressure, flow rate is practical significance in algorithms transplanting.
This issue designed the corresponding fuzzy controller, and complete a series of C + + programming and the engineering work of OPC communications based on the characteristics of cement raw material grinding system and fuzzy control, according to Shandong Cement Factory cement production line 4 # ball grinding machine system. By the fuzzy optimal controlling of ball grinding machine, the cement raw mill can work in highly efficient and stable operation, while ensuring product quality, which means the fuzzy control algorithm can be a good solution to deal with multi-variable, strong coupling, nonlinear problems in cement mill system, and to disturbances, system noise, it also have a certain suppression ability.
引文
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[3]王仲春.水泥工业粉磨工艺技术[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2004.
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[5]韩仲琦.现代水泥粉磨技术的发展[J].山西建材,2000(3):8-12.
[6]李沛然,申涛,王孝红.粉磨过程负荷优化控制系统[J].济南大学学报,2008,22(2):116-123.
[7]张万胜.影响球磨机效率的主要因素[J].江苏陶瓷,2001,34(2):33-34.
[8]张永谋.中卸烘干磨的操作要点[J].四川水泥,2002(2):36-39.
[9]李仁龙.中卸烘干磨的操作要点[J].新世纪水泥导报,2005 (3):13-14.
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[12] J. Zhu, Fuzzy Control Principle & Application, China Machine Press, Beijing, 2001.
[13] W. Z. Qiao and M. Mizumoto, PID type fuzzy controller and parameters adaptive method, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1996, pp. 23-35.
[14] S. Z. He, S. H. Tan, F. L. Xu and P. Z. Wang, Fuzzy self-tuning of PID controllers, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1993, pp. 37-46.
[15] A. Maidi, M. Diaf and J.P. Corriou, Optimal linear PI fuzzy controller design of a heat exchanger, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2008, pp. 938-945.
[16] Y. T. Juang, Y.T. Chang and C. P. Huang, Design of fuzzy PID controllers using modified triangular membership functions, Information Sciences, 2008, pp. 1325-1333.
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