基于毛管模型的泥质砂岩储层导电特性研究
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摘要
随着油田勘探开发的不断深入,逐渐探明了一些泥质砂岩的油气储层,在这些储层中均已发现工业性油气流,故泥质砂岩储层已成为油田增储上产和老油田改造挖潜的一个重要来源。但由于泥质砂岩储层与普通砂岩储层相比,导电机理发生变化,尤其是当泥质、地层水及岩石骨架含导电矿物等多种因素同时存在于同一储层时,储层的导电规律变得异常复杂,因此对泥质砂岩储层电学特性的研究一直以来是国内外石油工作者所关注和致力解决的重要研究课题,是十分必要而且非常有意义的工作。
本文通过储层岩石的物理特性研究,利用数值模拟方法对泥质砂岩电学特性及水驱油过程中岩电特性进行了研究,具体的研究成果如下:(1)依据储层岩石的物理性质和毛管模型的微观渗流机理,推导出了储层岩石物理性质与微观毛管模型参数之间的定量关系,并由多孔介质中的电化学传质动力学理论,推导出了含水泥质砂岩的电阻率表达式。(2)根据油藏流体的渗流特性,建立了含油毛管模型模拟含油泥质砂岩,推导出了该模型中微观参数的表达式和含油泥质砂岩电阻率的表达式,研究了岩石物性参数对含油泥质砂岩电阻率的影响。同时,分析了岩石物性对阿尔奇公式中饱和度指数和电阻率指数的影响。(3)由恒压注水岩电-相驱理论,推导出了水窜前和水窜后的岩石电阻率的方程式,数值模拟了油藏储渗特性及注入水电阻率在水驱过程中对储层岩石电阻率的影响。
通过泥质砂岩和水驱油过程岩石电性变化规律的研究,进一步加深了对储层导电机理及电学特性变化规律的认识,对泥质砂岩储层中的石油勘探开发,提供理论基础和技术指导。
With the development of oil exploration, the oil and gas reservoirs in shaly sandstone have been found gradually, which have industrial flows of oil and gas. So shaly sandstone reservoir is the main source of oil-field to increase production. Compared with the norma sandstone reservoir, the electrical conduction mechanism of shaly sandstone reservoir have been changed. Especially, when the shaly and formation water and rock matrix containing conductive minerals or many other factors existed simultaneously in the same reservoir, the electrical conduction mechanism of the reservoir is more complicated. Therefore, electrical properties of shaly sandstone reservoir are an important research topic at home and abroad.
In this paper, the electrical properties of shaly sandstone and the electrical properties of rocks during water flooding have been studied by numerical simulation, we itemize the main conclusions of my study: (1) Based on the physical properties of reservoir rocks and micropercolation mechanism of capillary model, we derived the relationship between physical properties of reservoir rock and parameters of microcapillary model. According to electrochemical kinetic theory in porous media, we deduced the resistivity expression of water-bearing shaly sandstone. (2)According to the seepage characteristics of reservoir fluid, we establish the oil capillary model to simulate oil shaly sandstone, deduced the expression of capillary model and resistivity expression of oil-bearing shaly sandstone. We study the influences of petrophysical parameters on the oil-bearing shale sandstone resistivity. At the same time, we analyze the influence of rock properties on Archie formula saturation index and resistivity index. (3)Application of constant pressure injection water rock power theory ,pushed out the water resistivity of rock equation about the water channeling before and after, numerical simulation of the reservoir permeability characteristics and the impact of injected water resistivity.
Through the study of variation of rock resistivity in the shale sandstone and water flooding process, we deep understand the physical properties of the reservoir and provides a theoretical basis in log interpretation and technical guidance for the oil and gas exploration and development.
本文通过储层岩石的物理特性研究,利用数值模拟方法对泥质砂岩电学特性及水驱油过程中岩电特性进行了研究,具体的研究成果如下:(1)依据储层岩石的物理性质和毛管模型的微观渗流机理,推导出了储层岩石物理性质与微观毛管模型参数之间的定量关系,并由多孔介质中的电化学传质动力学理论,推导出了含水泥质砂岩的电阻率表达式。(2)根据油藏流体的渗流特性,建立了含油毛管模型模拟含油泥质砂岩,推导出了该模型中微观参数的表达式和含油泥质砂岩电阻率的表达式,研究了岩石物性参数对含油泥质砂岩电阻率的影响。同时,分析了岩石物性对阿尔奇公式中饱和度指数和电阻率指数的影响。(3)由恒压注水岩电-相驱理论,推导出了水窜前和水窜后的岩石电阻率的方程式,数值模拟了油藏储渗特性及注入水电阻率在水驱过程中对储层岩石电阻率的影响。
通过泥质砂岩和水驱油过程岩石电性变化规律的研究,进一步加深了对储层导电机理及电学特性变化规律的认识,对泥质砂岩储层中的石油勘探开发,提供理论基础和技术指导。
With the development of oil exploration, the oil and gas reservoirs in shaly sandstone have been found gradually, which have industrial flows of oil and gas. So shaly sandstone reservoir is the main source of oil-field to increase production. Compared with the norma sandstone reservoir, the electrical conduction mechanism of shaly sandstone reservoir have been changed. Especially, when the shaly and formation water and rock matrix containing conductive minerals or many other factors existed simultaneously in the same reservoir, the electrical conduction mechanism of the reservoir is more complicated. Therefore, electrical properties of shaly sandstone reservoir are an important research topic at home and abroad.
In this paper, the electrical properties of shaly sandstone and the electrical properties of rocks during water flooding have been studied by numerical simulation, we itemize the main conclusions of my study: (1) Based on the physical properties of reservoir rocks and micropercolation mechanism of capillary model, we derived the relationship between physical properties of reservoir rock and parameters of microcapillary model. According to electrochemical kinetic theory in porous media, we deduced the resistivity expression of water-bearing shaly sandstone. (2)According to the seepage characteristics of reservoir fluid, we establish the oil capillary model to simulate oil shaly sandstone, deduced the expression of capillary model and resistivity expression of oil-bearing shaly sandstone. We study the influences of petrophysical parameters on the oil-bearing shale sandstone resistivity. At the same time, we analyze the influence of rock properties on Archie formula saturation index and resistivity index. (3)Application of constant pressure injection water rock power theory ,pushed out the water resistivity of rock equation about the water channeling before and after, numerical simulation of the reservoir permeability characteristics and the impact of injected water resistivity.
Through the study of variation of rock resistivity in the shale sandstone and water flooding process, we deep understand the physical properties of the reservoir and provides a theoretical basis in log interpretation and technical guidance for the oil and gas exploration and development.
引文
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[2] Patnode H.W and Wyllie M.R .The presence of cond uctive solids in reservoir rock as a factor in electric log interpretation[J] .Trans AIME,1950,189:47-52
[3] Dewitte L .Relations between resistivities and fluid contents of porous rocks[J]. Oil or Gas J ,1950,89-24
[4] Wyllie M.R.J and Soutihwick P.F .An experimental investigation of the S.Pand resistivity phenomena indirtysands[J] .Trans AIME,1954,207:65-72
[5] De .Witte .L .A study of electric log interperetation methods in shaly Formations[J] .Trans AIME ,1955,204:103-110
[6] Hil.H.J and Miburn.J.D .Effect of clay and water salinity on electroc-Hemical behavior of reservoir rocks[J] .Trans AMIE,1956,207:65-72
[7] De.Witte .Saturation and porosity from electric logs in shaly sands[J] .Oil or Gas.J,1957,August 120-132
[8] Hossin A .Calcul des saturation eneauparla methode duciment argileux(formuled’Archie generalisee) [J] .Bull.Assoc,FrancaiseTech.Pet,140:12-14
[9] Simandoux P .Dielectric meansurements on porous media:application to The measurement of water saturations,study of the behavior of argillaceous formations[J] . Revue De.L Institut Franais du Petrole IB,1963,Suppleme-Ntary Issue,193-215
[10] Poupon A,Leveaux J .Evaluateration of Water Saturations in Shaly Fora tion[J].The Log Analyst,1971,1:3-8
[11] Waxman.M.H and Smits.L.J.M. Electrical Conductivities in oil-Bearing Shaly Sands [J]. SPE,June,1968:107-122
[12] Clavioer.C,Ccates Gand Dumanoir J .The Theoretical and Experi mental Bases for the Electric“Dual Water”Model for interimental of Shaly Sands[J] .PE,68-59
[13] Clavioer.C,Ccates Gand Dumanoir J .The Theoretical and Experimental Basesfor the Electric dual-water Model for Interimental of Shaly Sands[J] .SPEJ,19 84,24:153-167
[14] Silva L.P.and Bassioni Z.A . Shaly Sand Conductivity Model Based on Variable Equivalent Counterion Conductivity and Dual WaterConcepts[C].SPWLA 26th Annual Logging Symposium.June,1985:17-20
[15] Silva L.P and Bassioni Z.A .Statistical Evaluation of the S-B Conductivity Modelfor Water-bearing Shaly Fomations[J]. The Log Analyst,May-June,1986:25-28
[16] Silva L.P and Bassioni Z.A .Hydrocarbon Saturation Equation in Shaly Sands According to the S-B Conductivity Model[J] .SPE Form Eva,September,1988:503-509
[17] Kan R,Sen P.N .Electrolytic conduction in periodic array of insulators With charges.J[J] .Chem.Phys.1987,86:57-48
[18] Johnson D.L,Sen P.N .Dependence of the conductivity of a porous medium On electrolyte conductivity[J] .Phys,Rev,1988,B37:32-35
[19] Sen P.N,Goode P.A .Sibbit A.Electrical conduction in clay bearing sand Stones at low and high salinities[J] .Appl.Phys,1988,63:48-32
[20] Schwartz L.M,Sen P.L .Electrolytic conduction in partially saturated Shaly formations[J] .SPE,18131,1988:266-272
[21] Gious.H .Proprietes petrophysiquset resistivite degress argileux Petroliferes[J] .These E.N.S.Mines de Paris,1987:111-113
[22] Argaud M,Aquitaine E .Giouse H et al.Salinity and saturation effects On shaly sandstone conductivity[J] .SPE 19577,1989:49-60
[23] Jing X.Dand Archer J.S .An Improved Waxman-Smits Model for Interpreting Shaly Sand Conductivity at Reservoir Conditions[C] .SPWLA 32nd Annual Logging Symposium,June 16-19,1991,Paper K
[24] D.C.Herrick and W.D.Kenndy .Electrial Efficincy:A Porre Geometric Model for The Electrical Properties of Rocks [C] .SPWLA 34th Annual Logging Symposium,June,1993:13-16
[25] V.S.Afanasyev and Afanasyev.S.V .Accurate Method for Water Saturatin EvaluaTion Based on Advanced Theory of Electrical Conductivity of TheTerrigenous Rock[J] .SPWLA 37th Annuallogging Symposium,Junr,1996:16-19
[26] Hill H.J,Milburn J.D .Effect of Clay and Water Salinity on Electrochemical Behavior of Reservoir Rocks[J] .Trans.AIME,1956,207:65-72
[27]潘和平,王家映,樊政军等.新疆塔北低阻油气储层导电模型—双水泥质骨架导电模型[J].中国科学,2001,31(2):103-110.
[28]邓少贵,范宜仁,刘兵开等.含油气泥质砂岩导电性研究[J].石油大学学报,2001,25(4):30-33
[29]宋延杰等.混合泥质砂岩有效介质通用HB电导率模型研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(3):275-280
[30]宋延杰等.混合泥质砂岩有效介质通用HB电阻率模型在高泥储层中的应用[J].测井技术,2003,27(6):50-51.
[31]宋延杰,邢丽波.新型混合泥质砂岩通用双电层电导率模型[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(6):7-10
[32]于宝.混合泥质砂岩双水电导率模型[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(4):95-97
[33]沈金松,苏本玉,王智茹等.泥质砂岩电导率模型的分析及对比[J].测井技术,2008,32(5):385-393
[34] Wang Y,Sharma M M .A network model for the resistivity behavior of Partially satutated rocks[C] .Transactions of the SPWLA 29th Annual Logging Symp- Osium San Antonio,TX,1988,Paper G.
[35]李剑浩.混合电导率公式及其在测井解释中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1993,36(5):674-681
[36]张宁生.颗粒与油珠造成地层损害的实验与网络模拟研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(1):48-51
[37]胡雪涛,李允.网络模拟研究微观剩余油分布[J].石油学报,2000,21(4):46-51
[38]王金勋,吴晓东,杨普华等.孔隙网络模型法计算气液体系吸吮过程相对渗透率[J].天然气工业,2003,23(2):8-11
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