盐间砂岩油藏精细地质建模
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摘要
盐间砂岩油藏是在特定的地质环境中形成的,受多重因素的控制,开发难度较大。该类油藏储层非均质性严重,层间、层内矛盾突出,注水采收率偏低,挖潜潜力较大。分析表明,制约盐间砂岩油藏高效开发的主要原因是油田特殊的地质特征。盐间油藏易形成盐隆构造,地层较陡。储层内部结构复杂,常见砂泥岩与盐岩互层。砂体规模较小,剖面上多呈透镜状,平面上呈叠瓦状。为了准确预测油田的剩余油,提高盐间砂岩油藏的开发水平,有必要建立高精度的储层地质模型。
本文针对盐间砂岩油藏的地质特征,以王场油田北区为例,围绕建立精细的地质模型,选取典型单元从油藏的内部结构进行详细解剖,综合运用地质、地震、岩心分析、测井、测试及生产动态等资料,将地震、测井、地质、数值模拟和动态分析有机地结合为一体,建立了高精度的确定性地质模型。并从静态上对储层砂体进行验证,利用油藏数值模拟技术以及动态资料对地质模型进行检验。
针对盐间砂岩油藏的特殊性,利用储层建筑结构分析法对成因砂体进行层次解剖,总结出叠置接触型、冲刷充填型、孤立分布型三种垂向组合模式,并指出该类油藏平面上具有明显的分带性,沿湖方向依次出现水下分流河道、河口坝、前缘席状砂、前三角洲泥和盐湖。盐间砂岩油藏砂体叠置关系复杂、隔夹层性质复杂,属于迷宫式储层。指出废弃河道、河道砂体顶部高程差异、河道砂体规模差异、不连续的河间砂体可作为单期河道的识别标志,单一水下分流河道作为河口坝的识别标志,对成因砂体进行识别与划分。通过密井网剖面分析,确定了各种成因砂体的规模,指出王场油田北区砂体在平面上以马蹄形、朵状、片状分布。
针对盐间砂岩油藏储层砂体薄,砂体类型对油藏开发有重要影响的特点,本文以成因砂体为建模单元,进行成因砂体级别的精细储层建模。针对王场油田北区盐丘构造是高陡构造的特点,应用了井震联合、蚂蚁追踪、水平切片等技术对构造层面及盐脊位置进行厘定,并应用双断层拟合法建立盐丘(脊)构造模型。针对盐间砂岩油藏储层建筑结构复杂,属于迷宫式储层,在构造建模时,将盐层、泥质隔层都作为独立的模拟层,并且对储层实施砂体边界控制,以盐间砂岩油藏的沉积模式等地质知识库作为约束条件建立砂岩储层框架模型,并采用标点过程模拟建立沉积相模型。针对盐间砂岩油藏储层分布零散、属性参数受盐脊侵入的影响较大、非均质性强等特点,在属性建模中,在构造模型和沉积相模型的控制下,选用适合连续变量的序贯高斯模拟方法,利用相控原理建立物性模型。
通过岩性含量验证、建筑结构模型剖面对比及砂体平面展布特征验证对三维地质砂体模型进行检验。进行油藏数值模拟研究,通过历史拟合情况反复修改三维地质模型,以达到历史拟合要求。历史拟合结果表明,模拟计算的综合含水率、油藏日平均产油量、油藏累计产油量等多项指标与实际油藏开采曲线吻合程度比较高,单井拟合率达到78.6%,说明建立的地质模型较好地反映了储层内部特征。并且通过动态资料对地质模型进行了验证,动态响应特征表明建立的地质模型客观地反映了地质实际。
本文利用多学科交叉、多种技术手段力求寻找出一套适合盐间砂岩油藏的建模方法。本文通过大量的工作认为该类油藏的建模应该注意四个方面的工作：一、加强成因砂体研究,为建模提供重要的地质知识库；二、有必要利用井震联合、蚂蚁追踪等技术对该类油藏的高陡构造和盐脊进行厘定,用双断层拟合盐脊构造；三、采用“双控、双模”(相控建模与砂控建模相结合、随机模拟与确定性建模相结合)的方法建立储层的属性模型；四、随着油田的不断深入开发,反复利用动静态资料以及油藏数值模拟技术对地质模型进行验证。
希望本次研究能够为王场油田北区的后期开发调整提供有价值的资料,同时也希望本文所用到的特殊技术手段和方法能够给同类油藏的建模提供帮助。
Inter-salt sandstone reservoirs are formed in the special geological environment. By multiple factors, these reservoirs are difficult to develop. Because of serious heterogeneity in these reservoirs, the interlayer and intrastratal contradiction is difficult, results in low recovery and great potentialities in later development. Analysis showed that the main reasons which restrict effective development with the inter-salt sandstone reservoirs are the special geological characteristics of oilfield.It is easy to form salt dome and steep stratigraphic in inter-salt reservoirs. The structure of reservoir is complex, which sandstone and mudstone usually are interbeded with salt rock. Sand body size of these reservoirs is smaller, which is lens in profile and imbricate in plane. In order to accurately predict residual oil reservoir and improve the development level of inter-salt sandstone reservoirs, it is necessary to establish a high precision of reservoir geologic model.
While focusing on geological characteristics of inter-salt sandstone reserviors, this thesis, taking the reserior in the north area of Wangchang Oilfie for example, makes a detailed description of typical units of internal reservoir to establish a geological database of inter-salt sandstone reservoirs. While using the data of geology, seismic, logging, geology, core analysis and dynamic history etc. with a integrated analysis of seismic, logging, geology, numeric simulation and dynamic data, it builds a high-precision deterministic geological model. Whereafter, reservoir sandbody of the geological model is verified by static analysis. The numeric simulation technology with dynamic data is used to test the geological model built.
According to the specificity of inter-salt sandstone reserviors, this thesis, using architecture-element analysis, makes a hierarchical description for Genetic sand.It results that there are three composite pattern in vertical, such as. superimposed contact, alluvial fill intercalation, distribution of isolation, and obvious zoning features in plane that channel sandbodies, river mouth bars, front blanket sand, predelta mud, and saline appeared in order. The relationship of sand body is complex for inter-salt sandstone reserviors which belong to the labyrinth reservoir. The abandoned river channel, top elevation difference, channel sand body size, and discontinuous sand body can be used as single channel. Single distributary channel can be used as a single of mouth bar to identify and partition causes sand body. Through the profile analysis for dense pattern, it determines the scale of various Genetic sand body, and the shape of sand body of north area in Wangchang Oilfield in plane with horse-shape, flower, flake distribution.
Sandbody's thickness is small and its type has a significant effect on the development of inter-salt sandstone reservoirs. A study is made to built a reservevior mode on the level of genetic sand bodies. For the steeply structural features of north area in Wangchang Oilfield, this thesis, basing on the recognition of structural surfaces by advanced technologies, such as logging and seismic comprehensive method,ant tracking, time slices and so on., builds structure model by using double faults simulate salt dome structure. The architecture of inter-salt sandstone reservoir is very complex, and it is labyrinth reservoir. It takes salt layer, mudstone barrier as the independent simulated layer,and controled the sand body boundary of reservoir while structure modeling.Taking geological knowledge database,such as sedimentary model of inter-salt sandstone reservoirs,as the constraint conditions,it chooses marked point process simulation to build sedimentary facies model. For scattered distribution of sandstone, property effected by the salt ridge, strong heterogeneity in the inter-salt sandstone reservoir, it, under the control of structure model and sedimentary facies model,choosing Sequence Gauss simulation method, suitable to continuous variables, builds physical property model of reservoir by facies-controlling principles.
It verifies the 3d geological sand body model from the lithology, profile correlation of the architectural structure model and the distribution characteristics of sand in plane. It gradually modifies 3-d geological model to achieve requirements of history matching according to reservoir numerical simulation. History matching results show a number of development indexes, such as field water cut, daily average oil production, cumulative oil production and so on, are highly consistency with the actual reservoir development curve. The matching rate about single well reached 78.6%, which shows the geological model accurately reflect the characteristics of internal reservoir.It is to prove the geological model by using the dynamic data. The dynamic responses show that geological model objectively reflects the actual geology.
This paper try to find out a suitable reservoir modeling method for inter-salt sandstone reservoirs based on intercrossing of multi-subject and the integration of multi-technique. Based on lots of work, the modeling for such reservoirs should pay attention in four aspects:First, it should increase sand body studies in order to provide important geological knowledge base for modeling. This research will supply useful experiences for the later developing schedule adjustment of the north area in Wangchang Oilfield. The special technical means and methods in this work could help the similar reservoir modeling. Second,for the steeply structural features in this reservoir, it is necessary to build structure model by using double faults simulate salt dome structure, basing on the recognition of structural surfaces by logging and seismic comprehensive method,ant tracking, time slices and so on.. Third, it is necessary to build property model by combining facies-controlled modeling with sand control modeling and random simulation with deterministic model. Four, with the deepening of oilfield development, it should repeatedly verify the geological model by using the dynamic and static data and reservoir numerical simulation technology.
本文针对盐间砂岩油藏的地质特征,以王场油田北区为例,围绕建立精细的地质模型,选取典型单元从油藏的内部结构进行详细解剖,综合运用地质、地震、岩心分析、测井、测试及生产动态等资料,将地震、测井、地质、数值模拟和动态分析有机地结合为一体,建立了高精度的确定性地质模型。并从静态上对储层砂体进行验证,利用油藏数值模拟技术以及动态资料对地质模型进行检验。
针对盐间砂岩油藏的特殊性,利用储层建筑结构分析法对成因砂体进行层次解剖,总结出叠置接触型、冲刷充填型、孤立分布型三种垂向组合模式,并指出该类油藏平面上具有明显的分带性,沿湖方向依次出现水下分流河道、河口坝、前缘席状砂、前三角洲泥和盐湖。盐间砂岩油藏砂体叠置关系复杂、隔夹层性质复杂,属于迷宫式储层。指出废弃河道、河道砂体顶部高程差异、河道砂体规模差异、不连续的河间砂体可作为单期河道的识别标志,单一水下分流河道作为河口坝的识别标志,对成因砂体进行识别与划分。通过密井网剖面分析,确定了各种成因砂体的规模,指出王场油田北区砂体在平面上以马蹄形、朵状、片状分布。
针对盐间砂岩油藏储层砂体薄,砂体类型对油藏开发有重要影响的特点,本文以成因砂体为建模单元,进行成因砂体级别的精细储层建模。针对王场油田北区盐丘构造是高陡构造的特点,应用了井震联合、蚂蚁追踪、水平切片等技术对构造层面及盐脊位置进行厘定,并应用双断层拟合法建立盐丘(脊)构造模型。针对盐间砂岩油藏储层建筑结构复杂,属于迷宫式储层,在构造建模时,将盐层、泥质隔层都作为独立的模拟层,并且对储层实施砂体边界控制,以盐间砂岩油藏的沉积模式等地质知识库作为约束条件建立砂岩储层框架模型,并采用标点过程模拟建立沉积相模型。针对盐间砂岩油藏储层分布零散、属性参数受盐脊侵入的影响较大、非均质性强等特点,在属性建模中,在构造模型和沉积相模型的控制下,选用适合连续变量的序贯高斯模拟方法,利用相控原理建立物性模型。
通过岩性含量验证、建筑结构模型剖面对比及砂体平面展布特征验证对三维地质砂体模型进行检验。进行油藏数值模拟研究,通过历史拟合情况反复修改三维地质模型,以达到历史拟合要求。历史拟合结果表明,模拟计算的综合含水率、油藏日平均产油量、油藏累计产油量等多项指标与实际油藏开采曲线吻合程度比较高,单井拟合率达到78.6%,说明建立的地质模型较好地反映了储层内部特征。并且通过动态资料对地质模型进行了验证,动态响应特征表明建立的地质模型客观地反映了地质实际。
本文利用多学科交叉、多种技术手段力求寻找出一套适合盐间砂岩油藏的建模方法。本文通过大量的工作认为该类油藏的建模应该注意四个方面的工作：一、加强成因砂体研究,为建模提供重要的地质知识库；二、有必要利用井震联合、蚂蚁追踪等技术对该类油藏的高陡构造和盐脊进行厘定,用双断层拟合盐脊构造；三、采用“双控、双模”(相控建模与砂控建模相结合、随机模拟与确定性建模相结合)的方法建立储层的属性模型；四、随着油田的不断深入开发,反复利用动静态资料以及油藏数值模拟技术对地质模型进行验证。
希望本次研究能够为王场油田北区的后期开发调整提供有价值的资料,同时也希望本文所用到的特殊技术手段和方法能够给同类油藏的建模提供帮助。
Inter-salt sandstone reservoirs are formed in the special geological environment. By multiple factors, these reservoirs are difficult to develop. Because of serious heterogeneity in these reservoirs, the interlayer and intrastratal contradiction is difficult, results in low recovery and great potentialities in later development. Analysis showed that the main reasons which restrict effective development with the inter-salt sandstone reservoirs are the special geological characteristics of oilfield.It is easy to form salt dome and steep stratigraphic in inter-salt reservoirs. The structure of reservoir is complex, which sandstone and mudstone usually are interbeded with salt rock. Sand body size of these reservoirs is smaller, which is lens in profile and imbricate in plane. In order to accurately predict residual oil reservoir and improve the development level of inter-salt sandstone reservoirs, it is necessary to establish a high precision of reservoir geologic model.
While focusing on geological characteristics of inter-salt sandstone reserviors, this thesis, taking the reserior in the north area of Wangchang Oilfie for example, makes a detailed description of typical units of internal reservoir to establish a geological database of inter-salt sandstone reservoirs. While using the data of geology, seismic, logging, geology, core analysis and dynamic history etc. with a integrated analysis of seismic, logging, geology, numeric simulation and dynamic data, it builds a high-precision deterministic geological model. Whereafter, reservoir sandbody of the geological model is verified by static analysis. The numeric simulation technology with dynamic data is used to test the geological model built.
According to the specificity of inter-salt sandstone reserviors, this thesis, using architecture-element analysis, makes a hierarchical description for Genetic sand.It results that there are three composite pattern in vertical, such as. superimposed contact, alluvial fill intercalation, distribution of isolation, and obvious zoning features in plane that channel sandbodies, river mouth bars, front blanket sand, predelta mud, and saline appeared in order. The relationship of sand body is complex for inter-salt sandstone reserviors which belong to the labyrinth reservoir. The abandoned river channel, top elevation difference, channel sand body size, and discontinuous sand body can be used as single channel. Single distributary channel can be used as a single of mouth bar to identify and partition causes sand body. Through the profile analysis for dense pattern, it determines the scale of various Genetic sand body, and the shape of sand body of north area in Wangchang Oilfield in plane with horse-shape, flower, flake distribution.
Sandbody's thickness is small and its type has a significant effect on the development of inter-salt sandstone reservoirs. A study is made to built a reservevior mode on the level of genetic sand bodies. For the steeply structural features of north area in Wangchang Oilfield, this thesis, basing on the recognition of structural surfaces by advanced technologies, such as logging and seismic comprehensive method,ant tracking, time slices and so on., builds structure model by using double faults simulate salt dome structure. The architecture of inter-salt sandstone reservoir is very complex, and it is labyrinth reservoir. It takes salt layer, mudstone barrier as the independent simulated layer,and controled the sand body boundary of reservoir while structure modeling.Taking geological knowledge database,such as sedimentary model of inter-salt sandstone reservoirs,as the constraint conditions,it chooses marked point process simulation to build sedimentary facies model. For scattered distribution of sandstone, property effected by the salt ridge, strong heterogeneity in the inter-salt sandstone reservoir, it, under the control of structure model and sedimentary facies model,choosing Sequence Gauss simulation method, suitable to continuous variables, builds physical property model of reservoir by facies-controlling principles.
It verifies the 3d geological sand body model from the lithology, profile correlation of the architectural structure model and the distribution characteristics of sand in plane. It gradually modifies 3-d geological model to achieve requirements of history matching according to reservoir numerical simulation. History matching results show a number of development indexes, such as field water cut, daily average oil production, cumulative oil production and so on, are highly consistency with the actual reservoir development curve. The matching rate about single well reached 78.6%, which shows the geological model accurately reflect the characteristics of internal reservoir.It is to prove the geological model by using the dynamic data. The dynamic responses show that geological model objectively reflects the actual geology.
This paper try to find out a suitable reservoir modeling method for inter-salt sandstone reservoirs based on intercrossing of multi-subject and the integration of multi-technique. Based on lots of work, the modeling for such reservoirs should pay attention in four aspects:First, it should increase sand body studies in order to provide important geological knowledge base for modeling. This research will supply useful experiences for the later developing schedule adjustment of the north area in Wangchang Oilfield. The special technical means and methods in this work could help the similar reservoir modeling. Second,for the steeply structural features in this reservoir, it is necessary to build structure model by using double faults simulate salt dome structure, basing on the recognition of structural surfaces by logging and seismic comprehensive method,ant tracking, time slices and so on.. Third, it is necessary to build property model by combining facies-controlled modeling with sand control modeling and random simulation with deterministic model. Four, with the deepening of oilfield development, it should repeatedly verify the geological model by using the dynamic and static data and reservoir numerical simulation technology.
引文
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