龙门山中段前缘构造特征及油气保存条件研究
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摘要
龙门山中段前缘不仅位于条带状生烃高峰区,具近烃源特点,而且陆相、海陆交互相储集岩十分发育,展布好。兼之受关口断层挤压隆升作用发育了一系列褶皱构造,本区理应是形成油气藏理想区域。但是由于龙门山逆冲推覆体具复杂性、多期性特点,次生断裂十分发育,以至于目前在金马-鸭子河构造带上的油气勘探进展甚微。因此要想在龙门山中段前缘油气勘探获得突破,这就有必要对本区的保存条件进行深入研究。
本文利用遥感地质解译、核物理氡气测量、土壤地球化学、水文地球化学、大地电场测深等物化探方法以及野外地质调查在龙门山中段前缘识别出多条隐伏断层。这些隐伏断层大都表现出很强的活动性,它既可以造成地下圈闭气藏的泄漏,又可以形成天然气在致密地覆体中运移聚集的通道,进而形成裂缝型气藏,因此研究隐伏断层的活动性具有很好的现实意义。为论证本区主要隐伏断层的活动性以及氡气浓度变化的应震效果,我们应用氡气测量技术对余震进行定时监测,发现余震与氡气浓度变化相关度好,表明氡气测量在判别隐伏断层的存在性以及活动性有很好的应用前景。
受关口断层推覆上升的影响研究区次级断层多而复杂,发育了北西向、近东西向以及北东东向三组断层,其中尤以北西向断层最为发育,它延伸远,切割深,基本错穿整个莲花口组中上部泥岩盖层。分析本区断层的动力学性质,晚新生代以来受力方向发生了转变,由以前的北东-南西区域应力场转为北西-南东向。现今的北西-南东向应力场又可形成第二次序北北西-南南东向和北东东-南西西向剪切应力场,呈“米”字型力学结构。这亦是北西向断层具左行走滑和北东东向、近东西向断层具右行走滑的力学根源。
关口断层作为盆山耦合界线,前人普遍认为其为阻水断层,对深部须家河组圈闭封盖性好。但对关口断层封堵性评价只是考虑错穿泥岩及地静压力这两个因素,并没有把关口断层次生断层考虑在内。根据油气水文地球化学和地下水活动规律认为错穿关口上下盘次级断裂的存在使得关口断层为导水断层。本区浅层地下水水型以NaHCO3为主,在较深层-深层则为CaCl2,说明浅层以地表水作用为主,深层封盖性好,以沉积成因水作用为主。因此在单斜带上离关口断层较远,地表水作用较弱的地区,有可能形成水动力圈闭油气藏;聚源-鸭子河背斜构造带上,如果存在盆内隐伏断层发育,或在构造倾伏端裂隙发育处,可以在深层致密储层中形成裂缝型气藏;云西-徐家场鼻状背斜上地表水活跃,背斜顶部容易遭到破坏,故形成浅层气藏的可能性不大,但有望形成深层气藏;都江堰中兴-玉堂地区有可能在向斜内的局部隆起形成气藏,这都应值得注意。
The anterior margin in the middle of Long menshan locates in the zebraic region of producing much hydrocarbon, which is close to the hydrocarbon kitchen. Whatmore, the reservoir rocks in this region are much better, which belong to the terrestrial and paralic facies. This field is a good one to form oil and gas accumulation because there are a lot of folds which are affected by Guankou fault. However, because the Longmen Shan thrust nappe with complex, multi-phase characteristic and secondary fault develops quite well, so the outcome of exploration activity is lessly satisfied in Jinma-Yazihe tectonic belt.So in order to breakthrough oil and gas exploration in the Longmen Mountains front, it is necessary to study the preservation conditions in the area depthly.
This research has discriminated buried faults in the middle of Long menshan with many methods, such as the explanation of remote sensing geology, the measure of gas radon in nuclear physics, the magnetotelluric method, the magnetotelluric deep sounding and the field investigation. We verify that these buried faults are the important channels to basin, which leap the up and down Guankou fault. We also find that the remote sensing techniques and the geophysicaland geochemical methods are very feasible, serviceable and profitable.
The main buried faults in the region are much active. They not only cause the disclosure of gas reservoir below ground, but also are the canals to transport gas. So researching the activity of buried faults is significative. To demonstrate the activity of major buried fault in this area and the effect of changes in radon concentration as earthquake happen, we apply the radon gas measurement carried out on regular monitoring of aftershocks,and find that the aftershock is much relevant to the concentration of gas radon, which demonstrates that gas radon not only is used to discriminate buried faults, but also keeps watch on the activity.
Longmenshan was tensional before the middle period of Norian, which means to be the centripetal fault. After it, the centripetal fault was reversed and Longmenshan moved upward. In this period, the thrust faulting of Longmenshan is very strong and the distance of disposition is much far. The fracture belt of Longmenshan is of sinistral strike slip before Late Pleistocene, and after that, it became to be of right lateral movement. All the drainage systems in this region are opposite“S”.
We can also analyse Guankou fault and its derivative architecture from mechanics and geological geomorphology. These buried faults are mainly northwest, east north east and latitudinal direction.The northwest faults are developed well, which cutout deeply and leap the upper cap rocks of Lianhuakou formation. We further know that the northwest faults are of sinistral strike slip and the east north east and latitudinal faults are of right lateral movement. The neotectonic movement is strong and the tenso shear is much apparent. The construction of those buried faults is“米”type.
As the boundary line in the allegiance of basin and mountain, Guankou fault is thought to be the one of resisting water, and covers well the trap of Xujiahe formation. But in the assessment of the luted feature in this fault, we only take value of the leaped mudstone and geostatic stress except secondary fault. According to the geochemistry of hydrology in oil gas and the regular pattern of groundwater, we can conclude that the secondary fault makes Guankou fault to be the one of diversing water. The type of groundwater is NaHCO3 in shallow layer, and CaCl2 in deep zone. This indicates that shallow layer is affected seriously by surface water, and the feature of sealing gland in deep zone is good, which belongs to sedimentogenic water. So there are hydrocarbon reservoirs of hydrodynamic closure in the region, which is far away from Guankou fault, and is affected weakly by superficial water. In the belt of anticlinal structure in Juanyuan-Yazihe, there may be fracture type reservoirs if buried faults and splits are growed well. The surficial water is much in the Yunxi-Xujiachang nose upfold, and the roof of the upfold is damaged easily. So the shallow gas pools are difficult to be generated, but the deep ones can be created. We also notice that gas accumulations may be found in downfolds in Zhongxing-Yutang of Dujiangyan region.
本文利用遥感地质解译、核物理氡气测量、土壤地球化学、水文地球化学、大地电场测深等物化探方法以及野外地质调查在龙门山中段前缘识别出多条隐伏断层。这些隐伏断层大都表现出很强的活动性,它既可以造成地下圈闭气藏的泄漏,又可以形成天然气在致密地覆体中运移聚集的通道,进而形成裂缝型气藏,因此研究隐伏断层的活动性具有很好的现实意义。为论证本区主要隐伏断层的活动性以及氡气浓度变化的应震效果,我们应用氡气测量技术对余震进行定时监测,发现余震与氡气浓度变化相关度好,表明氡气测量在判别隐伏断层的存在性以及活动性有很好的应用前景。
受关口断层推覆上升的影响研究区次级断层多而复杂,发育了北西向、近东西向以及北东东向三组断层,其中尤以北西向断层最为发育,它延伸远,切割深,基本错穿整个莲花口组中上部泥岩盖层。分析本区断层的动力学性质,晚新生代以来受力方向发生了转变,由以前的北东-南西区域应力场转为北西-南东向。现今的北西-南东向应力场又可形成第二次序北北西-南南东向和北东东-南西西向剪切应力场,呈“米”字型力学结构。这亦是北西向断层具左行走滑和北东东向、近东西向断层具右行走滑的力学根源。
关口断层作为盆山耦合界线,前人普遍认为其为阻水断层,对深部须家河组圈闭封盖性好。但对关口断层封堵性评价只是考虑错穿泥岩及地静压力这两个因素,并没有把关口断层次生断层考虑在内。根据油气水文地球化学和地下水活动规律认为错穿关口上下盘次级断裂的存在使得关口断层为导水断层。本区浅层地下水水型以NaHCO3为主,在较深层-深层则为CaCl2,说明浅层以地表水作用为主,深层封盖性好,以沉积成因水作用为主。因此在单斜带上离关口断层较远,地表水作用较弱的地区,有可能形成水动力圈闭油气藏;聚源-鸭子河背斜构造带上,如果存在盆内隐伏断层发育,或在构造倾伏端裂隙发育处,可以在深层致密储层中形成裂缝型气藏;云西-徐家场鼻状背斜上地表水活跃,背斜顶部容易遭到破坏,故形成浅层气藏的可能性不大,但有望形成深层气藏;都江堰中兴-玉堂地区有可能在向斜内的局部隆起形成气藏,这都应值得注意。
The anterior margin in the middle of Long menshan locates in the zebraic region of producing much hydrocarbon, which is close to the hydrocarbon kitchen. Whatmore, the reservoir rocks in this region are much better, which belong to the terrestrial and paralic facies. This field is a good one to form oil and gas accumulation because there are a lot of folds which are affected by Guankou fault. However, because the Longmen Shan thrust nappe with complex, multi-phase characteristic and secondary fault develops quite well, so the outcome of exploration activity is lessly satisfied in Jinma-Yazihe tectonic belt.So in order to breakthrough oil and gas exploration in the Longmen Mountains front, it is necessary to study the preservation conditions in the area depthly.
This research has discriminated buried faults in the middle of Long menshan with many methods, such as the explanation of remote sensing geology, the measure of gas radon in nuclear physics, the magnetotelluric method, the magnetotelluric deep sounding and the field investigation. We verify that these buried faults are the important channels to basin, which leap the up and down Guankou fault. We also find that the remote sensing techniques and the geophysicaland geochemical methods are very feasible, serviceable and profitable.
The main buried faults in the region are much active. They not only cause the disclosure of gas reservoir below ground, but also are the canals to transport gas. So researching the activity of buried faults is significative. To demonstrate the activity of major buried fault in this area and the effect of changes in radon concentration as earthquake happen, we apply the radon gas measurement carried out on regular monitoring of aftershocks,and find that the aftershock is much relevant to the concentration of gas radon, which demonstrates that gas radon not only is used to discriminate buried faults, but also keeps watch on the activity.
Longmenshan was tensional before the middle period of Norian, which means to be the centripetal fault. After it, the centripetal fault was reversed and Longmenshan moved upward. In this period, the thrust faulting of Longmenshan is very strong and the distance of disposition is much far. The fracture belt of Longmenshan is of sinistral strike slip before Late Pleistocene, and after that, it became to be of right lateral movement. All the drainage systems in this region are opposite“S”.
We can also analyse Guankou fault and its derivative architecture from mechanics and geological geomorphology. These buried faults are mainly northwest, east north east and latitudinal direction.The northwest faults are developed well, which cutout deeply and leap the upper cap rocks of Lianhuakou formation. We further know that the northwest faults are of sinistral strike slip and the east north east and latitudinal faults are of right lateral movement. The neotectonic movement is strong and the tenso shear is much apparent. The construction of those buried faults is“米”type.
As the boundary line in the allegiance of basin and mountain, Guankou fault is thought to be the one of resisting water, and covers well the trap of Xujiahe formation. But in the assessment of the luted feature in this fault, we only take value of the leaped mudstone and geostatic stress except secondary fault. According to the geochemistry of hydrology in oil gas and the regular pattern of groundwater, we can conclude that the secondary fault makes Guankou fault to be the one of diversing water. The type of groundwater is NaHCO3 in shallow layer, and CaCl2 in deep zone. This indicates that shallow layer is affected seriously by surface water, and the feature of sealing gland in deep zone is good, which belongs to sedimentogenic water. So there are hydrocarbon reservoirs of hydrodynamic closure in the region, which is far away from Guankou fault, and is affected weakly by superficial water. In the belt of anticlinal structure in Juanyuan-Yazihe, there may be fracture type reservoirs if buried faults and splits are growed well. The surficial water is much in the Yunxi-Xujiachang nose upfold, and the roof of the upfold is damaged easily. So the shallow gas pools are difficult to be generated, but the deep ones can be created. We also notice that gas accumulations may be found in downfolds in Zhongxing-Yutang of Dujiangyan region.
引文
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