推帚式激光三维成像雷达关键技术研究
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摘要
推帚式激光三维成像雷达经过近十几年来的快速发展,如今已经成为现代民用和军用目标探测中极具应用前景的三维成像方式。而在推帚式激光三维成像雷达系统中,大功率半导体激光阵列准直系统、激光阵列回波信号接收系统、半导体激光器功率与探测距离的关系、激光扫描轨迹十分重要,直接影响激光成像的效果和探测距离。
本文主要针对推帚式激光三维成像雷达中的关键技术——大功率半导体激光阵列准直系统、激光阵列回波信号接收系统、半导体激光器功率的确定、激光扫描轨迹进行了深入的研究,并对准直光学系统和光学接收系统进行了优化设计和仿真。
论文主要内容如下:
1.对推帚式激光三维成像系统结构进行了分析,并研究了激光雷达测距原理,从分析微波雷达探测距离方程导出激光雷达探测距离方程,还深入研究了激光三维成像原理。
2.以计算机仿真为平台,研究了无球差双曲面-平面柱透镜,对大功率半导体激光阵列准直器件优化设计,并分析了激光光源振动对激光发散角的影响。仿真结果表明,所设计系统具有良好的准直效果,理论上点光源在焦点50μm范围内振动时,准直光束发散角不超过1mrad。
3.根据模式匹配原理,针对激光回波信号聚焦耦合入布拉格光纤进行优化设计。对于布拉格光纤,当不考虑纤芯外能量损失时,不同模式的激光最佳耦合效率不相同。
4.根据对激光探测距离方程分析,选定激光工作波长λ= 1550nm,得出激光探测距离与激光发射功率的关系。并对激光扫描轨迹进行分析建模,得出成像的最小像素。
Three-Dimensional line imaging laser radar has been experienced a rapid development in recent years; it has a wide range of three-dimensional imaging application in both military and civil use. While in the three-dimensional line imaging laser radar system, the high-power semiconductor laser array alignment system, laser array echo wave signal receiving system, the power of semiconductor laser and laser scanning track will have a direct impact on the imaging effect and detection distance.
Some in-depth research such as the high-power semiconductor laser array alignment system, the power of semiconductor laser and laser scanning track are discussed in this paper and also conduct some optimization design and stimulation in optical collimation system and optical receive system.
The main contents involved in this dissertation are as follows:
1.Analyzing the system structure of three-dimensional line imaging laser radar system and the principal of the laser radar ranging. From the microwave radar range equation, and then elicit the equation of three-dimensional line imaging laser radar system.
2.Using the computer stimulation to analyze the Spherical aberration-free double-surface - flat cylindrical lens when apply to the design of high-power semiconductor laser array alignment system and the influence of the laser divergence angle caused by the laser source vibration. The stimulation results show that such design has a good collimation effect, when the light spot vibrate within the focus range of 50μm , the divergence angle cannot beyond the 1mrad .
3.According to the model matching theory, make some optimization design of Bragg fiber coupling of focused echo signal. As to Bragg fiber, when ignore the energy loss outside the core, the coupling efficiency are different under different models.
4.Based on the laser radar detection equation, selected the laser wavelength 1550nm, and then obtain the relationship between laser detection distance and laser power. Through modeling the laser scanning track, get the minimum imaging pixel.
本文主要针对推帚式激光三维成像雷达中的关键技术——大功率半导体激光阵列准直系统、激光阵列回波信号接收系统、半导体激光器功率的确定、激光扫描轨迹进行了深入的研究,并对准直光学系统和光学接收系统进行了优化设计和仿真。
论文主要内容如下:
1.对推帚式激光三维成像系统结构进行了分析,并研究了激光雷达测距原理,从分析微波雷达探测距离方程导出激光雷达探测距离方程,还深入研究了激光三维成像原理。
2.以计算机仿真为平台,研究了无球差双曲面-平面柱透镜,对大功率半导体激光阵列准直器件优化设计,并分析了激光光源振动对激光发散角的影响。仿真结果表明,所设计系统具有良好的准直效果,理论上点光源在焦点50μm范围内振动时,准直光束发散角不超过1mrad。
3.根据模式匹配原理,针对激光回波信号聚焦耦合入布拉格光纤进行优化设计。对于布拉格光纤,当不考虑纤芯外能量损失时,不同模式的激光最佳耦合效率不相同。
4.根据对激光探测距离方程分析,选定激光工作波长λ= 1550nm,得出激光探测距离与激光发射功率的关系。并对激光扫描轨迹进行分析建模,得出成像的最小像素。
Three-Dimensional line imaging laser radar has been experienced a rapid development in recent years; it has a wide range of three-dimensional imaging application in both military and civil use. While in the three-dimensional line imaging laser radar system, the high-power semiconductor laser array alignment system, laser array echo wave signal receiving system, the power of semiconductor laser and laser scanning track will have a direct impact on the imaging effect and detection distance.
Some in-depth research such as the high-power semiconductor laser array alignment system, the power of semiconductor laser and laser scanning track are discussed in this paper and also conduct some optimization design and stimulation in optical collimation system and optical receive system.
The main contents involved in this dissertation are as follows:
1.Analyzing the system structure of three-dimensional line imaging laser radar system and the principal of the laser radar ranging. From the microwave radar range equation, and then elicit the equation of three-dimensional line imaging laser radar system.
2.Using the computer stimulation to analyze the Spherical aberration-free double-surface - flat cylindrical lens when apply to the design of high-power semiconductor laser array alignment system and the influence of the laser divergence angle caused by the laser source vibration. The stimulation results show that such design has a good collimation effect, when the light spot vibrate within the focus range of 50μm , the divergence angle cannot beyond the 1mrad .
3.According to the model matching theory, make some optimization design of Bragg fiber coupling of focused echo signal. As to Bragg fiber, when ignore the energy loss outside the core, the coupling efficiency are different under different models.
4.Based on the laser radar detection equation, selected the laser wavelength 1550nm, and then obtain the relationship between laser detection distance and laser power. Through modeling the laser scanning track, get the minimum imaging pixel.
引文
[1]Adler Desmond C.,ChenYu,Schmitt Joseph, Connolly James,Fujimoto,James G.Three-dimensional endomicroscopy using optical coherence tomography.Nature photonics,2007,12(1):709-716
[2]Giuliano Scarcelli and seok HyunYun.Confocal Brillouin microscopy for three-dimensional mechanical imaging.Nature photonics,2007,1(2):39-43
[3]宋丰华.现代空间光电系统及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2004:156-160
[4]张志虑,李铁,杨小军.脉冲激光照射下目标特性研究.探测与控制学报, 2007,29(5):63-65
[5]戴永江.激光雷达原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002:5-7
[6]李翔.三维成像技术及高精度快速三维成像系统研究.现代电子技术,2006,22(12):113-117
[7]张宗华,彭翔.三维成像系统的性能仿真分析.系统仿真学报,2005,17 (2): 396-399
[8]焦宏伟.高速三维成像激光雷达的数据处理与可视化研究.[硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2006
[9]胡春生.脉冲半导体激光器高速三维成像激光雷达研究.[博士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学, 2005
[10]张璐璐.无扫描激光三维成像技术研究和系统实验平台的设计与实现.[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2006
[11]李敏,胡以华,赵楠翔,等.机载激光三维成像技术应用现状.激光与光电子学进展, 2008,45(3) : p43-48
[12]立庄,卞正中,李彬.有限衍射超声三维成像及其表面重建方法.中国图像图形学报,2004,9(7): 810-814
[13]李进,董衡,陶风源.超宽带雷达的军事应用及发展趋势.国防科技,2005,06:31-35
[14]余滨,毛赤龙.军事需求工程技术之需求描述与建模.国防科技,2006.06:34-38
[15]周敏龙,余滨.信息化战争条件下的军事需求分析.国防科技,2007.01:58-64
[16]倪树新,李一飞.军用激光雷达的发展趋势.红外与激光工程,2003,32(2):111-114
[17]倪树新.未来的军用激光雷达.光电系统,2001,97(3):1-7
[18]陈湘君,陈自来,等.固体激光雷达的发展现状.红外与激光工程,1998,27(6):24-28
[19]周建民.制导和监视用激光雷达进展.应用光学,1994,15(1):1-5
[20]Debora E Mosley.Application of HI-CLASS laser system for active imaging of space objects[A].SPIE[C],1999,3380:243-249
[21]Hogg,G.M. A Coherent CO2 Multi-mode laser radar. IEE Conference Pubilcation,1997,449:678-682
[22]Grossmann Benoist,Capbern Alain.Cable derection lidar system for helicopters.NASA Conference Publication,1992,3158(1):589
[23]Martin Nick,Garrini Roger,Chazelle Xavier . Development of Airborne Laser Radar. Radar,1994:10-13
[24]Gusravson Robert L.Davis Thomas E. Diode laser radar for low-cost.SPIE,1992,1633:21-32
[25] Brerr A.H,et al. Galbraith.Simulation-based analysis of range and cross-range resolution equirements for identification of vehicles in ladar imagery. Opt. Eng,2003, 42(9): 2734-2745
[26]Karlheinz Bers,Laser radar system for obstacle avoidance. SPIE,2008,5958(59581J):1-10
[27] Richard Cannata, William Clifton, et al. Obscuration Measurements of Tree Canopy Structure Using a 3D Imaging Ladar System.SPIE,2004,5412 :282-293
[28]贺敏,胡以华,赵楠翔,等.机载激光三维成像技术应用现状.光电探测,2008,45(3):43-49
[29]陈育伟.机载推帚式激光扫描成像系统的分析.红外,2003,(10):1-5
[30] Christoph Hug.Introducing the Next Generation Imaging Laser Almimeters: Concept of A Modular Airborne Pushbroom Laser Altimeter(MAPLA)[C]. The Fourth International Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition 21st Canadian symposium on Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,1999:21-24
[31]徐启阳,杨坤涛,王新兵.蓝绿激光雷达海洋探测[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002
[32]赵远,蔡喜平.成像激光雷达技术概述.激光与红外,2000,30(6):328-330
[33]屠大维,陆祖康.激光三维成像雷达系统的研究.浙江大学学报,1994,33(4):418-422
[34]严惠民,倪旭翔.无扫描三维激光雷达研究.中国激光,2000,27(9):861-864
[35]肖雅.远程激光跟踪雷达激光探测系统方案研究.[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[36]陈梅,郑世旺.无球差的光学曲面.河南科学,2005,23(3):331-335
[37]杨华军,胡渝,刘静娴,等.布拉格光纤传输特性研究[J].光电子.激光,2007,18(12):1410-1413
[38]邓科,王秉中,王旭,等.空间光-单模光纤耦合效率分析[J].电子科技大学学报,2007,36(5):889-891
[39]李玉权,朱勇,王江平.光通信原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:38-41
[40]Zhihui SUN,Jiaohao DENG.Pulsed laser ranging techniques based on digital signal processing methods for antomobile anti-collision application.SPIE,2009,(7160) :1-11
[2]Giuliano Scarcelli and seok HyunYun.Confocal Brillouin microscopy for three-dimensional mechanical imaging.Nature photonics,2007,1(2):39-43
[3]宋丰华.现代空间光电系统及应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2004:156-160
[4]张志虑,李铁,杨小军.脉冲激光照射下目标特性研究.探测与控制学报, 2007,29(5):63-65
[5]戴永江.激光雷达原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002:5-7
[6]李翔.三维成像技术及高精度快速三维成像系统研究.现代电子技术,2006,22(12):113-117
[7]张宗华,彭翔.三维成像系统的性能仿真分析.系统仿真学报,2005,17 (2): 396-399
[8]焦宏伟.高速三维成像激光雷达的数据处理与可视化研究.[硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2006
[9]胡春生.脉冲半导体激光器高速三维成像激光雷达研究.[博士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学, 2005
[10]张璐璐.无扫描激光三维成像技术研究和系统实验平台的设计与实现.[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2006
[11]李敏,胡以华,赵楠翔,等.机载激光三维成像技术应用现状.激光与光电子学进展, 2008,45(3) : p43-48
[12]立庄,卞正中,李彬.有限衍射超声三维成像及其表面重建方法.中国图像图形学报,2004,9(7): 810-814
[13]李进,董衡,陶风源.超宽带雷达的军事应用及发展趋势.国防科技,2005,06:31-35
[14]余滨,毛赤龙.军事需求工程技术之需求描述与建模.国防科技,2006.06:34-38
[15]周敏龙,余滨.信息化战争条件下的军事需求分析.国防科技,2007.01:58-64
[16]倪树新,李一飞.军用激光雷达的发展趋势.红外与激光工程,2003,32(2):111-114
[17]倪树新.未来的军用激光雷达.光电系统,2001,97(3):1-7
[18]陈湘君,陈自来,等.固体激光雷达的发展现状.红外与激光工程,1998,27(6):24-28
[19]周建民.制导和监视用激光雷达进展.应用光学,1994,15(1):1-5
[20]Debora E Mosley.Application of HI-CLASS laser system for active imaging of space objects[A].SPIE[C],1999,3380:243-249
[21]Hogg,G.M. A Coherent CO2 Multi-mode laser radar. IEE Conference Pubilcation,1997,449:678-682
[22]Grossmann Benoist,Capbern Alain.Cable derection lidar system for helicopters.NASA Conference Publication,1992,3158(1):589
[23]Martin Nick,Garrini Roger,Chazelle Xavier . Development of Airborne Laser Radar. Radar,1994:10-13
[24]Gusravson Robert L.Davis Thomas E. Diode laser radar for low-cost.SPIE,1992,1633:21-32
[25] Brerr A.H,et al. Galbraith.Simulation-based analysis of range and cross-range resolution equirements for identification of vehicles in ladar imagery. Opt. Eng,2003, 42(9): 2734-2745
[26]Karlheinz Bers,Laser radar system for obstacle avoidance. SPIE,2008,5958(59581J):1-10
[27] Richard Cannata, William Clifton, et al. Obscuration Measurements of Tree Canopy Structure Using a 3D Imaging Ladar System.SPIE,2004,5412 :282-293
[28]贺敏,胡以华,赵楠翔,等.机载激光三维成像技术应用现状.光电探测,2008,45(3):43-49
[29]陈育伟.机载推帚式激光扫描成像系统的分析.红外,2003,(10):1-5
[30] Christoph Hug.Introducing the Next Generation Imaging Laser Almimeters: Concept of A Modular Airborne Pushbroom Laser Altimeter(MAPLA)[C]. The Fourth International Airborne Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition 21st Canadian symposium on Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,1999:21-24
[31]徐启阳,杨坤涛,王新兵.蓝绿激光雷达海洋探测[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002
[32]赵远,蔡喜平.成像激光雷达技术概述.激光与红外,2000,30(6):328-330
[33]屠大维,陆祖康.激光三维成像雷达系统的研究.浙江大学学报,1994,33(4):418-422
[34]严惠民,倪旭翔.无扫描三维激光雷达研究.中国激光,2000,27(9):861-864
[35]肖雅.远程激光跟踪雷达激光探测系统方案研究.[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2006
[36]陈梅,郑世旺.无球差的光学曲面.河南科学,2005,23(3):331-335
[37]杨华军,胡渝,刘静娴,等.布拉格光纤传输特性研究[J].光电子.激光,2007,18(12):1410-1413
[38]邓科,王秉中,王旭,等.空间光-单模光纤耦合效率分析[J].电子科技大学学报,2007,36(5):889-891
[39]李玉权,朱勇,王江平.光通信原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:38-41
[40]Zhihui SUN,Jiaohao DENG.Pulsed laser ranging techniques based on digital signal processing methods for antomobile anti-collision application.SPIE,2009,(7160) :1-11
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