微电网并网逆变器软件控制与实现
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摘要
目前,世界上大部分电力系统已发展成为集中发电、远距离输电的大型互联网络系统。但是随着近年来用电负荷的不断增加,受端电网对外来电力的依赖程度也不断提高,使电网运行的稳定性和安全性下降。为解决问题,上世纪90年代以来在国外提出将分布式发电技术与储能技术综合在一起的特殊电网形式,即微型电网(Microgrid)。
并网逆变技术是微电网实现并网的关键技术,其主要功能是将各种间歇式能源发电组成的直流母线上的电能逆变成交流电,并通过一定的控制策略,使其输出的交流电与微电网侧电压保持等幅、同频、同相,以实现理想的并网目的。
本文介绍了微电网,并结合国家并网标准,对现有并网逆变拓扑结构及相关控制策略进行了详细的分析和对比,最终在本项目中选用了全桥式并网逆变结构,并采用SPWM控制策略。本文的主要研究内容包括:
1)对单极性和双极性SPWM调制方式及单相和三相并网逆变器控制原理进行介绍,通过分析进而确定单相和三相并网逆变器功率开关管的调制方式。
2)基于TMS320F2812DSP芯片,并通过CCS2000软件平台,开发出一套针对单相并网逆变器的软件控制系统。
3)实际开发了一套针对三相并网逆变器的开环控制系统。实验测试结果表明:该系统可以实现较好的三相逆变控制,与理想的逆变输出相比,实际的三相交流电频率偏差<0.5 Hz,相位差偏差<1o。
4)针对开环系统的不足,本文提出了基于闭环控制的三相并网逆变器的总体技术方案,并应用于Matlab/Simulink软件搭建仿真平台,进行实验,结果表明闭环控制系统优于开环控制。在此基础上,对控制系统的数据采集、处理及串口通信等模块开展了研究,为全面实现三相并网逆变器的闭环控制奠定了很好的理论基础。
Currently the great mass of the electricity systems in the world have become large-scale network systems with centralized generation and long-distance transmission. But in recent years, the increasing capacities of the power loads and the improving dependency rate of the external power supply result in the lower and lower operation stability and security in the power grids. To solve the problems, Microgrid, which is integrated distributed generation technology and storage technology, has been proposed since 1990s.
The inverter technology for power grid is a key technology to achieve the electric power contact between Microgrid and main power grid. The main function of an inverter is to invert the electric power of the DC bus composed of intermittent energy generations into AC power, and obtain the equi-amplitude, equi-frequency and equi-phase to achieve ideal grid-connection by introducing certain control strategies.
This paper introduces various micro power supplies and carries out detailed analysis and comparison of different topology structures and related control strategies of the existing grid inverters by referring to the corresponding national standards. The results lead to the selected full-bridge type grid inverter with SPWM control strategy in the practical project. The main research contents of this paper include:
1) The single-polarity and dual-polarity SPWM modulation modes and the corresponding control principles of the single-phase and three-phase grid inverters are described to determine the modulation methods of the single-phase and three-phase grid inverters;
2) A practical control system for the single-phase grid inverter was developed based on the TMS320F2812DSP chip and CCS2000 software platform;
3) A practical open-loop control system for the three-phase grid inverter was also developed in the work. The experimental results show that the developed system can achieve good control for the three-phase inverter, e.g., the actual AC frequency offset <0.5Hz and the phase offset <1o comparing to the ideal inverter.
4) To improve the performance of the open-loop control system, a closed-loop control scheme was further proposed in the work, with overall design and Matlab/Simulink-based simulation system completed. The results show that the performance of the closed-loop control system is better than that of the open-loop control system. Based on the above analysis, the studies on the practical systems including data acquisition, data processing and serial interface communication module were also carried out, which provide good bases for the development of the closed-loop control system of the practical three-phase grid inverter.
并网逆变技术是微电网实现并网的关键技术,其主要功能是将各种间歇式能源发电组成的直流母线上的电能逆变成交流电,并通过一定的控制策略,使其输出的交流电与微电网侧电压保持等幅、同频、同相,以实现理想的并网目的。
本文介绍了微电网,并结合国家并网标准,对现有并网逆变拓扑结构及相关控制策略进行了详细的分析和对比,最终在本项目中选用了全桥式并网逆变结构,并采用SPWM控制策略。本文的主要研究内容包括:
1)对单极性和双极性SPWM调制方式及单相和三相并网逆变器控制原理进行介绍,通过分析进而确定单相和三相并网逆变器功率开关管的调制方式。
2)基于TMS320F2812DSP芯片,并通过CCS2000软件平台,开发出一套针对单相并网逆变器的软件控制系统。
3)实际开发了一套针对三相并网逆变器的开环控制系统。实验测试结果表明:该系统可以实现较好的三相逆变控制,与理想的逆变输出相比,实际的三相交流电频率偏差<0.5 Hz,相位差偏差<1o。
4)针对开环系统的不足,本文提出了基于闭环控制的三相并网逆变器的总体技术方案,并应用于Matlab/Simulink软件搭建仿真平台,进行实验,结果表明闭环控制系统优于开环控制。在此基础上,对控制系统的数据采集、处理及串口通信等模块开展了研究,为全面实现三相并网逆变器的闭环控制奠定了很好的理论基础。
Currently the great mass of the electricity systems in the world have become large-scale network systems with centralized generation and long-distance transmission. But in recent years, the increasing capacities of the power loads and the improving dependency rate of the external power supply result in the lower and lower operation stability and security in the power grids. To solve the problems, Microgrid, which is integrated distributed generation technology and storage technology, has been proposed since 1990s.
The inverter technology for power grid is a key technology to achieve the electric power contact between Microgrid and main power grid. The main function of an inverter is to invert the electric power of the DC bus composed of intermittent energy generations into AC power, and obtain the equi-amplitude, equi-frequency and equi-phase to achieve ideal grid-connection by introducing certain control strategies.
This paper introduces various micro power supplies and carries out detailed analysis and comparison of different topology structures and related control strategies of the existing grid inverters by referring to the corresponding national standards. The results lead to the selected full-bridge type grid inverter with SPWM control strategy in the practical project. The main research contents of this paper include:
1) The single-polarity and dual-polarity SPWM modulation modes and the corresponding control principles of the single-phase and three-phase grid inverters are described to determine the modulation methods of the single-phase and three-phase grid inverters;
2) A practical control system for the single-phase grid inverter was developed based on the TMS320F2812DSP chip and CCS2000 software platform;
3) A practical open-loop control system for the three-phase grid inverter was also developed in the work. The experimental results show that the developed system can achieve good control for the three-phase inverter, e.g., the actual AC frequency offset <0.5Hz and the phase offset <1o comparing to the ideal inverter.
4) To improve the performance of the open-loop control system, a closed-loop control scheme was further proposed in the work, with overall design and Matlab/Simulink-based simulation system completed. The results show that the performance of the closed-loop control system is better than that of the open-loop control system. Based on the above analysis, the studies on the practical systems including data acquisition, data processing and serial interface communication module were also carried out, which provide good bases for the development of the closed-loop control system of the practical three-phase grid inverter.
引文
[1]周凤起,21世纪中国能源工业面临的挑战[J],中国能源,1999,12:3~6
[2]盛鹍,孔力,齐智平,等,新型电网——微电网(Microgrid)研究综述[J],继电器, 2007, 35(12): 75-81.
[3] Macken K J P, Bollen M H J, Belmans R J M. Tigation of Voltage Dips Through Distributed Generation Systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications, 2004,40(6):1686-1693.
[4]Caire R, Retiere N, Martino S, et al. Impact Assessment of LV Distributed Generation on MV Distribution Network[A]. In:2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting[C]. 2002. 1423-1428.
[5]将大鹏,分布式发电系统中并网逆变器的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006:3
[6]李学勇,基于DSP的单相SPWM逆变器数字化控制技术研究[D].南昌:南昌航空大学,2009.05
[7]陈国呈,新型电力电子变换技术[J],中国电力出版利,2004,26-30.
[8]刘志刚主编,电力电子学.清华大学出版社[M],2004.9-12.
[9]钱希森,小型UPS原理及应用[M],北京:科学出版社,2000,132-150.
[10]易龙强,戴瑜兴,吴维扎,UPS逆变电源控制原理与技术[J],电气与智能建筑(强电),2003(7):12-16.
[11] A.Schonung,H.Stemmler,”Static frequency changers with subharmonic control in onjunction with reversible variable speed ac drives”,Brown Boveri Review,Step 1964,p.555-577.
[12]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子技术[M],机械工业出版社.2006.北京.
[13] Caire R, Retiere N, Martino S, et al. Impact Assessment of LV Distributed Generation on MV Distribution Network, in the proceeding of 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2002. pp. 1423-1428.
[14]余运江,单相光伏并网逆变器的研究[D],杭州:浙江大学,2008.07
[15]王晓明,王玲,电动机的DSP控制—TI公司DSP应用[M],北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004年7月.
[16]郑颖楠,傅诚,电压型可逆变流器的控制策略现状发展[J],电气传动,2001(6):3-6.
[17] R. Redl et al.,“Current-mode control, five different types, used with the three basic class of Power converters: small-signal AC and large-signal DC characterization. Stability requirements,and implementation of practical circuit.”IEEE, PESC, 1985.
[18] H. Y. Wu,D. Lin,D. H. Zhang,K. W. Yao, and J. F. Zhang,“A current-mode control technique with instantaneous inductor-current feedback for UPS inverter.”IEEE APEC,1999.
[19]雷元超,陈春根,陈国呈,滞环比较PWM跟踪控制分析[J],水电能源科学,2004, 22(1): 83-85.
[20] R. O. Kyoungsoo,S. Rahman,Two-loop controller form maximizing performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic-fuel cell hybrid power plant,IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 276-281, Sept.1998.
[21] M. B. Indgren, Analysis and simulation of digitally-controlled grid-connected PWM-converters using the space-vector average approximation, IEEE Workshop on Computers in power Electronics, pp. 85-89, 11-14 Aug.1996.
[22]张凯,康勇,熊健,等,一种单片机无差拍控制逆变器系统研究[J],电力电子技术,1999(5):12-14.
[23]裴雪军,段善旭,康勇,陈坚,基于重复控制与瞬时值反馈控制的逆变电源研究[J],电力电子技术,2002, 36(1): 12-14.
[24]顾和荣,王德玉,邬伟扬,正弦波逆变电源的自适应模糊控制策略及实现[J],电工电能新技术, 2006, 25(1): 30-34.
[25]赵立民,胡庆,张欣,滑模变结构控制在三相逆变器中的应用[J], 2003, 25(4): 303-306.
[26]王宇,赵军红,专家PID控制在逆变电源中的应用[J],电源技术与应用, 2007(7): 136-140.
[27]沈忠亭,严仰光,基于DSP的逆变器神经网络控制[J],电力电子技术,2002, 36(5):5-8.
[28] D.M.Divan,“ANewTopologyforsinglePhaseUPSSystems.”IEEELAS’89,pp.931一936.
[29]汪世平,倍频式IGBT高频感应加热电源的研究,[D],浙江大学图书馆,2005年3月.
[30]夏小荣,陈明辉等,电压型PWM并网逆变器[J],电源技术应用,2006:08
[31] Hongyingwu,DongLin,DehuaZhang,KaiweiYao,and jinfaZhang,“ACurrent一Mode ControlteehniquewithInstantaneousinduetor一CurrentFeedbaekforUPS inverter”.IEEEAPEC,1999.
[32]MarianP.Kazmierkowerski,LuigiMalesani.CurrentControl Teehniques for Three Phase Voltage Sourece PWM Converter:Asurvey [J].IEEEtrans.Indusrtial Eleetronie.1998,45(5):276~281
[33]赵可斌,陈国雄,电力电子变流技术[M],上海:上海交通大学出版社,1993
[34]张蓉,数字控制SPWM逆变器研究[D],南京:南京航天航空大学,2006:02
[35]陈道炼,DC-AC逆变技术及其应用[M],北京,机械工业出版社,2003.11
[36]Programs for Digital Singal Processing.New York:IEEE Press,1979
[37]毕磊,分布式光伏并网发电技术研究[D],南京:南京理工大学,2007:05
[38]苏奎峰,吕强等,TMS32OF2812原理与开发[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[39]彭启宗,管庆等,DSP集成开发环境——CCS及DSP/BIOS的原理与应用[M],北京,电子工业出版社,2005.05
[40]Texas Instruments.TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual[M].2001
[41] Texas Instruments.TMS320F28x DSP Event Manager Reference Guide[M].2003
[42]姜彬,张浩然等,基于DSP的SPWM不对称规则采样算法的分析与实现[J],DSP开发与应用,2005,25(4-2)
[43]王茂海,孙元章,基于DFT的电力系统相量及功率测量新算法[J],电力系统自动化,2005,29(2):20-24
[44]何羚,张鑫,王健,基于定点DSP的高性能FFT谱估计[J],电子科技大学学报,2006,35(2):145-148
[2]盛鹍,孔力,齐智平,等,新型电网——微电网(Microgrid)研究综述[J],继电器, 2007, 35(12): 75-81.
[3] Macken K J P, Bollen M H J, Belmans R J M. Tigation of Voltage Dips Through Distributed Generation Systems[J]. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications, 2004,40(6):1686-1693.
[4]Caire R, Retiere N, Martino S, et al. Impact Assessment of LV Distributed Generation on MV Distribution Network[A]. In:2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting[C]. 2002. 1423-1428.
[5]将大鹏,分布式发电系统中并网逆变器的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006:3
[6]李学勇,基于DSP的单相SPWM逆变器数字化控制技术研究[D].南昌:南昌航空大学,2009.05
[7]陈国呈,新型电力电子变换技术[J],中国电力出版利,2004,26-30.
[8]刘志刚主编,电力电子学.清华大学出版社[M],2004.9-12.
[9]钱希森,小型UPS原理及应用[M],北京:科学出版社,2000,132-150.
[10]易龙强,戴瑜兴,吴维扎,UPS逆变电源控制原理与技术[J],电气与智能建筑(强电),2003(7):12-16.
[11] A.Schonung,H.Stemmler,”Static frequency changers with subharmonic control in onjunction with reversible variable speed ac drives”,Brown Boveri Review,Step 1964,p.555-577.
[12]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子技术[M],机械工业出版社.2006.北京.
[13] Caire R, Retiere N, Martino S, et al. Impact Assessment of LV Distributed Generation on MV Distribution Network, in the proceeding of 2002 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2002. pp. 1423-1428.
[14]余运江,单相光伏并网逆变器的研究[D],杭州:浙江大学,2008.07
[15]王晓明,王玲,电动机的DSP控制—TI公司DSP应用[M],北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004年7月.
[16]郑颖楠,傅诚,电压型可逆变流器的控制策略现状发展[J],电气传动,2001(6):3-6.
[17] R. Redl et al.,“Current-mode control, five different types, used with the three basic class of Power converters: small-signal AC and large-signal DC characterization. Stability requirements,and implementation of practical circuit.”IEEE, PESC, 1985.
[18] H. Y. Wu,D. Lin,D. H. Zhang,K. W. Yao, and J. F. Zhang,“A current-mode control technique with instantaneous inductor-current feedback for UPS inverter.”IEEE APEC,1999.
[19]雷元超,陈春根,陈国呈,滞环比较PWM跟踪控制分析[J],水电能源科学,2004, 22(1): 83-85.
[20] R. O. Kyoungsoo,S. Rahman,Two-loop controller form maximizing performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic-fuel cell hybrid power plant,IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 276-281, Sept.1998.
[21] M. B. Indgren, Analysis and simulation of digitally-controlled grid-connected PWM-converters using the space-vector average approximation, IEEE Workshop on Computers in power Electronics, pp. 85-89, 11-14 Aug.1996.
[22]张凯,康勇,熊健,等,一种单片机无差拍控制逆变器系统研究[J],电力电子技术,1999(5):12-14.
[23]裴雪军,段善旭,康勇,陈坚,基于重复控制与瞬时值反馈控制的逆变电源研究[J],电力电子技术,2002, 36(1): 12-14.
[24]顾和荣,王德玉,邬伟扬,正弦波逆变电源的自适应模糊控制策略及实现[J],电工电能新技术, 2006, 25(1): 30-34.
[25]赵立民,胡庆,张欣,滑模变结构控制在三相逆变器中的应用[J], 2003, 25(4): 303-306.
[26]王宇,赵军红,专家PID控制在逆变电源中的应用[J],电源技术与应用, 2007(7): 136-140.
[27]沈忠亭,严仰光,基于DSP的逆变器神经网络控制[J],电力电子技术,2002, 36(5):5-8.
[28] D.M.Divan,“ANewTopologyforsinglePhaseUPSSystems.”IEEELAS’89,pp.931一936.
[29]汪世平,倍频式IGBT高频感应加热电源的研究,[D],浙江大学图书馆,2005年3月.
[30]夏小荣,陈明辉等,电压型PWM并网逆变器[J],电源技术应用,2006:08
[31] Hongyingwu,DongLin,DehuaZhang,KaiweiYao,and jinfaZhang,“ACurrent一Mode ControlteehniquewithInstantaneousinduetor一CurrentFeedbaekforUPS inverter”.IEEEAPEC,1999.
[32]MarianP.Kazmierkowerski,LuigiMalesani.CurrentControl Teehniques for Three Phase Voltage Sourece PWM Converter:Asurvey [J].IEEEtrans.Indusrtial Eleetronie.1998,45(5):276~281
[33]赵可斌,陈国雄,电力电子变流技术[M],上海:上海交通大学出版社,1993
[34]张蓉,数字控制SPWM逆变器研究[D],南京:南京航天航空大学,2006:02
[35]陈道炼,DC-AC逆变技术及其应用[M],北京,机械工业出版社,2003.11
[36]Programs for Digital Singal Processing.New York:IEEE Press,1979
[37]毕磊,分布式光伏并网发电技术研究[D],南京:南京理工大学,2007:05
[38]苏奎峰,吕强等,TMS32OF2812原理与开发[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[39]彭启宗,管庆等,DSP集成开发环境——CCS及DSP/BIOS的原理与应用[M],北京,电子工业出版社,2005.05
[40]Texas Instruments.TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual[M].2001
[41] Texas Instruments.TMS320F28x DSP Event Manager Reference Guide[M].2003
[42]姜彬,张浩然等,基于DSP的SPWM不对称规则采样算法的分析与实现[J],DSP开发与应用,2005,25(4-2)
[43]王茂海,孙元章,基于DFT的电力系统相量及功率测量新算法[J],电力系统自动化,2005,29(2):20-24
[44]何羚,张鑫,王健,基于定点DSP的高性能FFT谱估计[J],电子科技大学学报,2006,35(2):145-148
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