佛山电网电厂自动解列与保护配合问题的研究
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摘要
黑启动指整个系统因故障停运后,不依赖别的网络的帮助,通过系统中具有自启动能力的机组的启动,带动无自启动能力的机组,逐步实现电力系统的恢复。然而,随着佛山电网地方电厂逐步关停,将面临失去黑启动电源的尴尬局面,在这一大背景的前提下,本文研究如何通过自动解列形成小型孤岛电网,并以此孤岛电网作为黑启动电源,同时,对自动装置和继电保护的协调问题进行探讨。目的在于从地调的层面探索佛山电网应对大规模故障的能力,提高在电网极端运行模式下的恢复速度,并制定有效的措施来确保这一过程的顺利实施。
在系统的分析佛山电网资料和相关数据的基础上,本文将研究重点放在某企业的自备电厂,该电厂有一半的电力供企业内部使用,并采用集中供热的方式,同时考虑配置一台大容量的备用柴油发电机,这些特点都有利于孤岛电网的解列方案的实施。在佛山电网瓦解,地调机组停运,且与外部电源联系中断,依靠各种自动装置和保护配合将该电厂所在的孤岛解列,并以此孤岛电网作为黑启动电源,逐步实现黑启动。
根据佛山电网的实际情况,设计适合的黑启动方案,选取黑启动的目标网络,制定黑启动过程中目标电网建立的详细步骤,有利于指导黑启动的顺利实施。此外,根据江南和长海两电厂在该黑启动方案中所起的关键作用,本文还详细分析了两电厂在大面积停电情况下的应急处理预案。
研究电厂自动解列与保护配合问题这个课题具有非常重要的实际意义。分析所用数据、模型均来自于实际电网,所总结的事故处理方案实用性强,可操作性高,可以直接用于指导实践,为佛山电网的安全稳定运行提供了可靠的后备保护。
Black Start is the procedure to recover from a total or partial shutdown of the transmission system which has caused an extensive loss of supplies. This entails isolated power stations being started individually and gradually being reconnected to each other in order to form an interconnected system again. Foshan Power Grid will lose black start resources along with more and more plants are shut down. Based on the situation, this paper focuses on how to form an island by splitting when fatal faults happen to the grid. Then this island is regarded as a black start resource to help the power grid restoration. Besides, how to coordinate the automatic devices and protection relay is also discussed in this paper. The purpose is to explore the ability to cope with great faults and to speed up the restoration process.
Based on systemic analysis of the datas of Foshan Power Grid, the paper focuses on studying an enterprise owned plant, which uses the form of central heating, and half of the power is supplied to its own load. All these characteristics will help with the programme of islanding operation. Before power grid collapses and when the grid loses its connection with outer resoureces, it can split the plant and its related substation and load by the help of coordination between automatic devices and protection relay. Then the restoration could be relized by use the island as a black start resource.
According to the actual situation of Foshan Power Grid, a proper black start project together with the object power network is designed. Then the detail process of power grid restoratioin is form to guide the whole black start. Besides, the paper provides a detail emergency response plan for Jiangnan and Changhai plants for their important role in black start when black out happens.
It is of great sense to study the Coordination between Splitting and Protection Relay of Foshan Power Grid. The datas and plant are derived from an actual grid. The results are similar to the real power grid, which can provide significant guiedance and ensure the stable operation of Foshan Power Grid.
在系统的分析佛山电网资料和相关数据的基础上,本文将研究重点放在某企业的自备电厂,该电厂有一半的电力供企业内部使用,并采用集中供热的方式,同时考虑配置一台大容量的备用柴油发电机,这些特点都有利于孤岛电网的解列方案的实施。在佛山电网瓦解,地调机组停运,且与外部电源联系中断,依靠各种自动装置和保护配合将该电厂所在的孤岛解列,并以此孤岛电网作为黑启动电源,逐步实现黑启动。
根据佛山电网的实际情况,设计适合的黑启动方案,选取黑启动的目标网络,制定黑启动过程中目标电网建立的详细步骤,有利于指导黑启动的顺利实施。此外,根据江南和长海两电厂在该黑启动方案中所起的关键作用,本文还详细分析了两电厂在大面积停电情况下的应急处理预案。
研究电厂自动解列与保护配合问题这个课题具有非常重要的实际意义。分析所用数据、模型均来自于实际电网,所总结的事故处理方案实用性强,可操作性高,可以直接用于指导实践,为佛山电网的安全稳定运行提供了可靠的后备保护。
Black Start is the procedure to recover from a total or partial shutdown of the transmission system which has caused an extensive loss of supplies. This entails isolated power stations being started individually and gradually being reconnected to each other in order to form an interconnected system again. Foshan Power Grid will lose black start resources along with more and more plants are shut down. Based on the situation, this paper focuses on how to form an island by splitting when fatal faults happen to the grid. Then this island is regarded as a black start resource to help the power grid restoration. Besides, how to coordinate the automatic devices and protection relay is also discussed in this paper. The purpose is to explore the ability to cope with great faults and to speed up the restoration process.
Based on systemic analysis of the datas of Foshan Power Grid, the paper focuses on studying an enterprise owned plant, which uses the form of central heating, and half of the power is supplied to its own load. All these characteristics will help with the programme of islanding operation. Before power grid collapses and when the grid loses its connection with outer resoureces, it can split the plant and its related substation and load by the help of coordination between automatic devices and protection relay. Then the restoration could be relized by use the island as a black start resource.
According to the actual situation of Foshan Power Grid, a proper black start project together with the object power network is designed. Then the detail process of power grid restoratioin is form to guide the whole black start. Besides, the paper provides a detail emergency response plan for Jiangnan and Changhai plants for their important role in black start when black out happens.
It is of great sense to study the Coordination between Splitting and Protection Relay of Foshan Power Grid. The datas and plant are derived from an actual grid. The results are similar to the real power grid, which can provide significant guiedance and ensure the stable operation of Foshan Power Grid.
引文
[1]熊惠敏,房鑫炎,郁惟镛,等.电力系统全网停电后的恢复——黑启动综述[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,1999,ll(3):12,17
[2]甘德强,胡江溢,韩祯祥.2003年国际若干停电事故的思考[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(3):1-4,9.
[3]付书逷.IEEE PES 2004会议电网安全问题综述及防止大面积停电事故建议[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(8):1-4
[4]江长明,闫贺群,许鹏.华北电网黑启动试验.电力系统自动化,2000,25:57-58.
[5] M.M.Adibi,L.H.Fink.Power system restoration planning [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994,9(1):22-28.
[6]李阳波,顾雪平,刘艳.电力系统黑启动过程中继电保护的配置与整定[J].电力系统自动化,2006,(7):89-92
[7]陈湘匀.广州蓄能水电厂作为广东电网黑启动电源的可行方案.电力系统自动化,2001,13:42-44.
[8]王家胜,邓彤天,冉景川.火电机组在孤(小)网中的启动及运行方式研究[J].电力系统及其自动化,32(21):102-106.
[9]林济铿,蒋越梅,郑卫洪,等.电力系统黑启动初始方案的自动形成[J].电力系统自动化,32(2):72-75.
[10]蔡述涛,张尧,荆朝霞.地方电网黑启动方案的制定.电力系统自动化,2005,29(12):73-76.
[11] http://www.mathworks.com/
[12]刘映尚,张碧华,周云海.黑启动过程中继电保护和安全自动装置的特性和运行[J].中国电力,2005,(5):25-28
[13]殷建刚,刘江平,高文亮.合理制定电网黑启动过程中继电保护方案[J].华中电力,2002(增刊):81-83
[14]常风然,张洪,赵春雷,等.单电源幅射线路保护若干问题分析[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(13):48—5
[15] Adibi M M,Milanicz D P.Protective system issues during restoration [J]. IEEE Trans on Power System,1995,10(3): 1492 1496
[16]王维俭.电气主设备继电保护原理与应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社.2001
[17]林济铿,蒋越梅.天津电网黑启动方案的制定[J].中国电力,2007,(2):4-7
[18]沈沉,吴佳耘,乔颖,等.电力系统主动解列控制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,20(13):1-6.
[19]丁磊,潘贞存,苏永智,等.并网分散电源的解列与孤岛运行[J].电力自动化设备,2007,27(7):25-29
[20]李俊.火电厂单机带孤网运行控制策略[J].中国电力,41(11):51-54
[21] Econnect. Assessment of islanded operation of distribution networks and measures for protection. ETSUK / EL / 00235 /REP, DTI /Pub URN 01 /1119, 2001[R/OL]. [2006- 08- 20]. http:∥www.dti.gov.uk.
[22]黄静,戴彦,韩连.从小系统解列事故的分析探讨电网相关问题[J].浙江电力, 2005(5): 16-18.
[23] XU Ding. Optimal load shedding and restoration[D] . Clemson: Clemson University, 2001.
[24]罗毅初,杨勇,吴海江,等.佛山地区电网2009年度运行方式[G].佛山供电局,2009
[2]甘德强,胡江溢,韩祯祥.2003年国际若干停电事故的思考[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(3):1-4,9.
[3]付书逷.IEEE PES 2004会议电网安全问题综述及防止大面积停电事故建议[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(8):1-4
[4]江长明,闫贺群,许鹏.华北电网黑启动试验.电力系统自动化,2000,25:57-58.
[5] M.M.Adibi,L.H.Fink.Power system restoration planning [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1994,9(1):22-28.
[6]李阳波,顾雪平,刘艳.电力系统黑启动过程中继电保护的配置与整定[J].电力系统自动化,2006,(7):89-92
[7]陈湘匀.广州蓄能水电厂作为广东电网黑启动电源的可行方案.电力系统自动化,2001,13:42-44.
[8]王家胜,邓彤天,冉景川.火电机组在孤(小)网中的启动及运行方式研究[J].电力系统及其自动化,32(21):102-106.
[9]林济铿,蒋越梅,郑卫洪,等.电力系统黑启动初始方案的自动形成[J].电力系统自动化,32(2):72-75.
[10]蔡述涛,张尧,荆朝霞.地方电网黑启动方案的制定.电力系统自动化,2005,29(12):73-76.
[11] http://www.mathworks.com/
[12]刘映尚,张碧华,周云海.黑启动过程中继电保护和安全自动装置的特性和运行[J].中国电力,2005,(5):25-28
[13]殷建刚,刘江平,高文亮.合理制定电网黑启动过程中继电保护方案[J].华中电力,2002(增刊):81-83
[14]常风然,张洪,赵春雷,等.单电源幅射线路保护若干问题分析[J].电力系统自动化,2000,24(13):48—5
[15] Adibi M M,Milanicz D P.Protective system issues during restoration [J]. IEEE Trans on Power System,1995,10(3): 1492 1496
[16]王维俭.电气主设备继电保护原理与应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社.2001
[17]林济铿,蒋越梅.天津电网黑启动方案的制定[J].中国电力,2007,(2):4-7
[18]沈沉,吴佳耘,乔颖,等.电力系统主动解列控制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,20(13):1-6.
[19]丁磊,潘贞存,苏永智,等.并网分散电源的解列与孤岛运行[J].电力自动化设备,2007,27(7):25-29
[20]李俊.火电厂单机带孤网运行控制策略[J].中国电力,41(11):51-54
[21] Econnect. Assessment of islanded operation of distribution networks and measures for protection. ETSUK / EL / 00235 /REP, DTI /Pub URN 01 /1119, 2001[R/OL]. [2006- 08- 20]. http:∥www.dti.gov.uk.
[22]黄静,戴彦,韩连.从小系统解列事故的分析探讨电网相关问题[J].浙江电力, 2005(5): 16-18.
[23] XU Ding. Optimal load shedding and restoration[D] . Clemson: Clemson University, 2001.
[24]罗毅初,杨勇,吴海江,等.佛山地区电网2009年度运行方式[G].佛山供电局,2009
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